grammar booki
TRANSCRIPT
Table of Contents1. nacionalidades 14. verbos reflexivos
2. stem-changing verbs 15. Tú comandos afirmativas+negativas+irregulares
3. para 16. los adverbios-mente
4. adjetivos 17. deber+ otro verbos modales
5. obejto colocación pronombre 18. participios pasados como adejtivos
6. pronombre de obejto directo 19. pretérito
7. pronombre obejto indirecto 20. presente progresivo
8. ser vs. estar
9. ísimo(a) y g/c/z
10. verbos como gustar
11. palabras afirmativas y negativas
12. pero vs. sino
13. DOP/IOP/SE
Nacionalidades1. Guatamalteco/a
2. Panameño/a
3. Cubaño/a
4. Mexicano/a
5. Salvadoreño/a
6. Costarricense
7. Dominicano/a
8. Colombiano/a
9. Guineano/a
10. Nicaragüense
11. Puertorriqueño/a
11. Venezolano/a
12. Ecuartoriano/a
13. Peruano/a
14. Paraguayo/a
15. Chileno/a
16. Boliviano/a
17. Argentino/a
18. Español/a
19. Uruguayo/a
20. Hondureño/a
21. Guineano/a
Stem Changing Verbs
o ue
u
ue
i
ie
e
i
Nosotros and Vosotros forms never change in stem.
Jugar
juego
juegas
juega
jugamos
jugaís
juegan
Parameans for or in order to
added to infintive to express the purpose of doing something
mainly indicates purpose or destination unlike it's similar counter preposition, por, which is more commonly used as ''for''
also used as personal reaction
ex. 1. Necesito un zapato para mí mamá,2. Estudia para dentista, 3.Salimos para Londres
para infinitivepurpose of
doing something
Adjetivos• if adj. or n. ends in a consonant then add ''es'' to make it plural
• if adj. or n. ends in a vowel add ''s'' at the end to make it plural
• if a n. ends in a ''z'' then change it to ''ces'' to make it plural
• change form based on if the word being described is masculine or feminine
Obejto Colocación Pronombre
RULES
attach the pronoun to the progressive tense
attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
attach the pronoun to the infinitive
put the pronoun in front of a conjugated verb
HEADING
List item
List item
List item
Direct Object Pronouns• obj. that directly receives the
action of the verb
• what? or whom?
• usually replaces name of the DO with a pronoun.
• in an affirmative sttement with one verb, DOP comes immediately before the conjugated verb.
IOP
• tell where the DO is going; to whom/what or for whom/what
• if the sentence possesses an infinitive then the IOP can come before the
conjugated verb or attached directly to the end of the infinitive.
• ex. comprarle, te gusta nadar, mirarles
Ser vs. Estar• both mean "to be"
• estar is more permanent and ser is temporary
• ser talks about what something is estar talks about how something is
• estar- position, location, condition, action, emotion
• ser- proffession, occupation, date , characteristic, origion, relation, time
-ísimo• USED TO EXPRESS EXTREMES WITH ADJECTIVES(EX.
FELIZ FELICÍSIMO)
• DROP THE FINAL VOWEL AND ADD ÍSIMO
if adjective ends in g,c,or z then there are spelling changes
g gu
c qu
z c
Affirmative & Negative Words
when talking about an indef. or neg. situation you use an affirmative or negative word
must match gender
if no is before the verb then everything else must be negative, must be a double negative.
Pero vs. Sino• both are for "but" , but are not interchangeable
• sino is for when the next phrase contrasts the first phrase completely
• pero is for when the 2nd phrase further explains the original and does not negate the 1st phrase.
Tú Commands
Affirmative
tù form and drop the ''s''
di,haz,ve,pon,ven,sal,sé,ten
Negative
take yo form and change ending if a to e if e or i then
to a
no digas,no hagas,no vayas,no pongas,no salgas,
no seas,no tengas, no vengas
Los Adverbios(-mente)for adj. with -a or -o ending, add mente to the feminine form
if there are 2 adv. add mente only to the 2nd one
Deber+otro verbos modales
used when there are two or more verbs
other verbs isn't conjugated
ir, poder, deber, tener
ir + a + infinitive is going to do something
Present Progressiveestar + ando/ iendo/ yendo
describes current action
pronoun can go b4 conjugated form of estar or be attached to participle
E to I stems have vowel change in stem
irregulars -er / -ir change to yendo instead of iendo
http://spanish.about.com/od/prepositions/a/para.htm
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/adj1.htm
http://www.brighthubeducation.com/learning-spanish/32857-indirect-and-direct-object-pronouns-in-spanish/
www.senorjordan.com
https://share.ehs.uen.org/node/8275
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/dopro1.htm
http://slideplayer.us/slide/151964/