Katia Hildebrandt

Tabla de Contenidos

1. Imperfect Form2. Imperfect Irregulars3. Preterite4. Triggers for Preterite5. Irregular preterite- Car, gar, zar6. Spock7. Cucharacha8. Snake/snakies9. Modul Verbs10. Adverbs ending in -mente11. Present Progressive Tense12. Past Progressive 13. El futuro14. Irregulars del Futuro15. Conditionals

16. Superlatives17. Formal Commands18. Prepositions19. Demonstratives

Imperfect Form

• AR Verbs change to:

-yo: aba

-tu: abas

-el: aba

-nosotros: abamos

-vosotros: abais

-ellos: aban

•ER and IR verbs change to:

-yo: ia-tu: ias-el: ia-nosotros: iamos-vosotros: iais-ellos: ian

Imperfect Form Irregulars

• Ser:era

Eras

Era

Eramos

Erais

eran

•There are only 3 imperfect irregular verbs. They are Ser, Ver, and Ir.

•Ver:

VeiaVeiasVeiaVeiamosVeiaisveian

•Ir:

IbaIbasIbaIbamosIbaisIban

Preterite• Has a definite time in the past with a

beginning or end.

AR ER IRé í í

aste iste iste

ó ió ió

amos imos imos

aron ieron ieron

Trigger Words Preterite:o Ayer: yesterdayo Anteayer: the day before yesterdayo A las ocho: at 8 o’clock o El miércoles: Wednesdayo El día anterior: the day beforeo El lunes pasado: last Mondayo El fin de semana: last weekendo Ayer por la mañana: yesterday morningo El otro día: the other dayo Una vez: on time/onceo Asta tarde: this afternoono Asta noche: tonighto Entonces: theno Desde el primer momento: from 1st momento Durante dos siglos: during 2nd century o En es momento: in that momento Hace dos dias:2 days ago

Irregular Preterite-car, -gar, -zar

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Toque Jugue Comence

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Toco Jugo Comenzo

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugaron comenzaron

*Only irregular in the YO form*

Spock- more irregular preterite

VER

DA

R

Dar/Ver- i-iste-io-imos-ieron

Ir/Ser- fui-fuiste-fue-fuimos-fueron

Hacer:-hice-hiciste-hizo-hicimos- hicieron

La Cucaracha Verbs- more irregular preterite

Andar- aduv…Estar- estuv…Poder- pud…Poner- pus…Querer- quis…Saber- sup…Tener- tuv…Venir- vin…Conducir- conduj…Producir- produj…Traducir- traduj…Decir- dij…Traer- traj…

-e (yo)-iste (tu)-o (usted, el ella)-imos (nosotros)-isteis (vosotros)-ieron (ellos, ellas, -ustedes)

Snakes/Snakeys (Irregular Preterite)

YO: NOSOTROS:

Pedí Pendimos

TU: VOSOTROS:

Pediste Pedisteis

Pidió Pidieron

SNAKES:

SNAKEYS:

YO: NOSOTROS:

Leí Leímos

leíste Leísteis

Leyó Leyeron

Modal verbos

• Conjugate and pair the modul verb with an infinitive to get a new meaning

Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

Querer + infinitive (want to do something)

Deber + infinitive (should do something)

Tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)

Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to)

Adverbs ending in -mente

• Change the adjective to a feminine singular form and then add –mente.

-Example: Claro- clara- claramente• When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd

one uses –mente. The first one remains in the feminine singular form.

-Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente. • Some adverbs don’t follow any pattern of organization

and must be memorized.Mucho muy mal ya (already) Bastante Bien tan demasiadoNunca poco peor siempre

Present Progressive Tense

• Formed by combinging the verb “to be” with the present participle (-ing verb)

• ESTAR+ -ando (ar)/-iendo (er/ir) /-yendo(double vowels like leer)

• Estoy hablando a ti.

• Estamos estudiando para la examen.

BailandoCantando Corriendo

Past Progressive Tenses

• ***same as present tense***

• ESTAR+ ando/iendo/yendo

• Estaba hablando.

• Estaban leyendo un libro.

El futuro

é emos

ás éis

á an– All ending are the same for er, ir, and ar verbs.

– Infinitive + ending

– Ex: I will eat the meat: comé la carne

– We will eat: Comeremos

– I will sing: Cantaré

Irregulars del Futuro

• Decir ------- dir

• Saber------- sabr

• Hacer------- har

• Poder------- podr

• Venir------- vendr

• Poner------- pondr

• Salir-------- saldr

• Querer----- querr

• Valer-------- valdr

Future Conditionals Endings

-ía-ías-ía

-íamos

-íais

-ían

Example--Conditional

comería comeríamoscomerías comeríaiscomería comerían

• Frequently, the conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture, and is usually translated as would, could, must have or probably.

• The student said that he would study one more hour. (probability, possibility)What time could it have been? (wonder, conjecture)He must have been at home. (wonder, conjecture)We were probably busy when you called. (probability, possibility)

Superlatives

• Más + adjective (the most)

• Menos + adjective (the least)

• Examples:

-Katia es la chica más alta.

-Roberto es el menos alto.

Formal Commands

• PUT IN YO FORM!!

• Then drop the o and change to the opposite vowel.

–Er and ir a

–Ar e

• Examples:

Coma!

No coma!

Commands

Tu: drop the ‘s’

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

Ud./Uds.: put in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel.

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

Tu: put it in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel, ad an ‘s’

Los irregulares: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven

Ud./Uds.: same as above.

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

DOP+IOP can attach to an affirmative command

DOP+IOP must go before the negative command

Ar -> eIr/er -> a

Prepositions• a — to, at, by means of • antes de — before • bajo — under • cerca de — near • con — with • contra — against• de — of, from• delante de — in front of • dentro de — inside • desde — since, from • después de — after • detrás de — behind • durante — during

•En- in•encima de — on top of•enfrente de — in front of •entre — between, among •fuera de — outside of •hacia — toward •hasta — until •para — for, in order to •por — for, by •según — according to •sin — without •sobre — over, about•tras — after, behind

Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos:

• Takes the place of the noun

• Must agree with the number and gender of the noun it is replacing.

– THIS -- ESTE/ESTA [ex: esta casa] (near)

– THAT – ESE/ESA o AQUEL/AQUELLA [ex: esa casa] (far)

– THESE – ESTOS/ESTAS [ex: estas casas]

– THOSE – ESOS/ESAS o AQUELLOS/AQUELLAS [ex: aquellas casas]