grammar book sp3h
DESCRIPTION
Updated Regularly - Emilia Stuchlik 7th periodTRANSCRIPT
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Mi Libro de la Gramática
Emilia Stuchlik
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Preterite
A Snapshot in Time
Uses :
-AR Endings
-ER / -IR Endings
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Preterite IrregularsCucaracha Verbs
eron
Snakey Verbs
Only change in the 3rd person
E-I
Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir
O-U
Dormir, Morir
E-Y
Leer, Creer
I-Y
Oir
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=iFUAWMMdE7c
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Preterite Irregulars
Spock Verbs – 5 Odd Balls
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Imperfect
Continuous Action
Uses :
-AR Endings-ER / -IR EndingsNotice the “yo” and “usted “ endings are the same
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Irregulars in the Imperfect
SER IR
VER
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Preterite and Imperfect Together
Interruption Background/ Ongoing Action
Yo
est
aba
en
mi c
asa
cua
nd
o J
ua
n m
e
llam
ó
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Practice
Nadamos
tomamos
Regresamos
leí
.me dormí
Había
estaban
almorzaban
servía
llovía
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Por USES :
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Para
USES :
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Por and Para Change the Meaning of a Sentence
Practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=fd0dlBZEw18
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Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Must agree in gender and number
Placed after nouns they modify
http
s://w
ww
.you
tube
.com
/wat
ch?
v=m
4qLU
HO
SN
Fs
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Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Article + Noun + De + Pronoun/Noun
Preceded by article, indefinite article, or demonstrative adjective
“El” and “La” usually omitted with SER
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Possessive Pronouns
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MANDATAS FORMALES Ud. + Uds.
Ejemplos -1) Drop the final “o” in the yo form
2) AR VERBS Add –e or –en
3) ER/IR VERBS Add -a or –an
With pronouns
AFFIRMATIVE
Attach to
comm
and
Add accent om
third to last
syllable if you
add one syllable
and on the
fourth to last if
you add two
(one pronoun or
two) NEGATIVE
Place pronouns before
command
Do not add accents
CAR → QUE
GAR →GUE
ZAR → CE
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MANDATOS FORMALES IRREGULARES
ir-(formal)to go (vaya(n))ser-(formal) to be (sea(n))saber-(formal)to know (sepa(n))estar-(formal) to be (esté(n))dar -(formal) to give (dé(n))jugar-(formal) to play (juegue(n))llegar-(formal) (llegue(n))buscar-(formal) (busque(n))tocar-(formal) to touch (toque(n))empezar -(formal) to start (empiece(n))
T V D I S H E S
TenerTenerTraerTraer
VenirVenir DarDarDecirDecir
IrIr SalirSalir HacerHacerHaberHaber
EstarEstar SerSer
TengaTraiga
Venga DeDije
Vaya Salga HagaHaya
Este Sea
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EL SUBJUNTIVO
Used to express actions that are uncertain or hypothetical
1) Will and Influence 2)Emotion3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial 4) Indefiniteness and nonexistence
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SAME CONJUGATION AS FORMAL COMMANDS BUT INCLUDES NOSOTROS/YO
TRIGGER...
EJEMPLO -
EL SUBJUNTIVO CONT.
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Verbs of Will and Influence
Aconsejar -
To advise
Mandar - To order
Importar - To be
important ;to matter
Insistir (en) - To insist (on)
Rogar (o-ue) -To beg ; to plead
Recomendar
(e-ie) - To
recommend
Prohibir - To
prohibit
Sugerir (e-ie) -
To suggest
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Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion
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Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial
Used when there is a change in subject
(And the main clause implies negation or uncertainty)
When to use just the INDICATIVE?
There is no doubt/uncertainty
que indicative
No negamos que hay demasiados carros. (We DON”T DENY = affirmative)
Affirmative SentenceCreer → IndicativeNegative Sentence No Creer → Subjunctive
Que significaPERHAPS = DOUBT
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Subjunctive w/Conjunctions
Use the infinitive after the prepositions ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there is no change in subject
Te llamamos el viernes antes de salir de la casa
Te llamamos manana antes de que salgas
Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command
Use the indicative if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or happened in the past
Conjunctions → SubjunctiveAntes de quePara queSin que Prepositions → Infinitive (noAntes de change in subject)Parasin
P.S. -ger > ja
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EXTRA SUBJUNCTIVE
Keanu se alegra de QUE la profe sea su novia.
Irregulars
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WE
IRD
OS