grammar book emily schuvart
TRANSCRIPT
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Emily Schuvart
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Table of contents
• 1)Nationalities• 2)Stem changing• 3)Para• 4)Indirect object pronouns • 5)Object pronoun placement• 6)Gustar• 7)Affirmative and negative words• 8)Superlative verbs• 9)Reflexives• 10)Affirmative tu commands/irregulars/pronoun placement• 11)Negative tu commands• 12)Sequencing events
• 1)Nationalities• 2)Stem changing• 3)Para• 4)Indirect object pronouns • 5)Object pronoun placement• 6)Gustar• 7)Affirmative and negative words• 8)Superlative verbs• 9)Reflexives• 10)Affirmative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement• 11)Negative tú commands• 12)Sequencing events• 13)Trigger words• 14)Car, Gar, Zar• 15)Deber + infinitive• 16)Modal verbs• 17)Present Progressive• 18)Adverbs
Table of contents
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Nationalities
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Stem Changing
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Para
In order tooto, in order to, so as to, in order not to, so as not to.
Intended forfor, for the purpose of, intended for
Use para to indicate the recipient of items
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Indirect Object Pronouns
The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed.
me comprabuys (for) me
te comprabuys (for) you
les comprabuys (for) them
nos comprabuys (for) us
le comprabuys (for) her
os comprabuys (for) you-all
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Object pronoun placement
• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
• Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
• Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
• Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
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Gustar means to like. Gustar is not conjugated like other verbs, gustar in conjuated depending on the object.
Gustar
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Affirmative and negative wordsNada Nothing
Nadie No one
Ninguno Not any, none
Tampoco Neither, either
Algo Something
Alguien Someone
Alguno Some
Tambien Also
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Superlatives
• Superlatives are added to adjectives or adverbs
• Used to mean very or extremely
Malo Malisimo
Muchas Muchisimas
Facil Facilisimo
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Reflexives
• Used with reflexive verbs to indicate the subject receives the action of the verb.
• When using the reflexive verb, you must use an indirect object pronoun.
Me- to me Nos-to us
Te-to you
Le-to him/to her Les-to them
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Affirmative commands/irregular/pronoun
placement
Use affirmative commands to tell someone what to do.
Di
Haz
Ve
Se
Pon
Ten
Sal
Ven
Common commands
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• Used to tell what not to do.
Examples:Negative TÚ commandNo hables mucho Don’t talk a lotNo contestes las preguntas Don’t answer questions
Negative TÚ commandNo tomes Don’t drinkNo trabajes Don’t work
Negative tucommands/irregular/pronoun
placement
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Sequencing Events
First Primero
then entonces
before antes
after despues
Finally finalmente
Later luego
Used to transition between different events or describe when you do something.
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Preterits
é amos
aste
ó aron
í imos
iste
ió ieron
Ar Er and Ir
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Trigger words
last night anoche
this morning esta mañana
this afternoon esta tarde
last week semana pasada
this week esta semana
one time una vez
the other day el otro día
last weekend fin de semana pasado
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Car, Gar, Zar
TocarToqué
TocasteTocó
TocamosTocaron
JugarJugué
JugasteJugó
Jugamosjugaron
ComenzarComencé
ComenzasteComenzó
Comemzamoscomenzaron
The only form that changes is the “yo” form.
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Deber
infinitive
Deber means ought to or should
Conjugate deber and add the not conjugated infinitive
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Modal Verbs
• Deber-should to, ought to
• Necesitar-to need
• Querer-to want
• Desear-to desire
• Saber-to know
• Poder-can, could, be able to
• Soler-used to, usually
Normal verbs which have past / present / future tenses and "aspects.“ Sometimes known as auxiliary verbs.
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Present Progressive
• Steps to use a present progressive
1)add estar and conjugate it according to the subject.
ex: Yo estoy
2)change the ending of the verb to ando/iendo/yendo. When the stem of an er/irverb ends in a vowel, change the iendo to yendo.
• Keep in mind some verbs have irregular present participial forms.
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Adverbs
Fácilmente
Felizmente
Lenatmenta
Rapidementa
Tranquilamente
Frecuentemente
Especialmente
When the adjective ends in e, l, or z
When the adjective ends in o
Just add mente to the ending.
Replace o with an a and add mente.
When using two adverbs, only add the mente to the second one.