grammar book 6
TRANSCRIPT
Grammar Book
By: Selena Pollack
Period 5
12/9/2010
Table of Contents1. Title Page 17. Future2. Table of Contents 18. Future Irregulars3. Preterite 19. Future Triggers4. Trigger Words 20. Por5. Car Gar Zar 21. Para 6. Spock 22. Refranes7. Cucaracha Verbs8. Snake9. Snakey10. Imperfect11. Imperfect Irrelgulars12. Preterite vs. Imperfect13. Ser vs. Estar14. Verbs like Gustar15. Comparitives and Superlatives16. Transition Words
Preterite
Used depending on context and point of view of the speaker
Used to express actions that are completed.
Expresses the beginning or end of a past action.
Used for actions completed a certain number of times
ER- iisteioimosieron
Ar-easteoamosaron
Used for actions completed during a specific time period.
Used for actions completed during a chain of events.
Trigger WordsImperfect Trigger Words Preterite Trigger Words
A veces Un dia
Mientras Una vez
Cada dia Ayer
Frequentamente Hace un ano
Siempre Ya
Todos los dias El martes
Muchas veces El mas pasado
A menudo Ante ayer
De vez en Por una hora
Cuando Por fin
Los lunes Anoche
Car Gar Zar Verbs
Car Gar Zar
In the Preterite, “car” verbs change to “que”
In the Preterite, “gar” verbs change to “gue”
In the Preterite, “zar” verbs change to “ce”
Spock Verbs
Hacer
Ser Ir Dar
Ve
r
Cucaracha VerbsAndar
Estar
Poder
Poner
Querer
Saber
Tener
Venir
Conducir
Decir
Hacer
Traer
Anduv- *anduve
Estuv- *estuve
Pud- *Pude
Pus- *Puse
Quis- *Quise
Sup- *Supe
Tuv- *Tuve
Vin- *Vine
Conduj- *Conduje
Dij- *Dije
Hic- *Hice
Traj- *Traje …etc.
Snake VerbsSnake Verbs change tense in the el/ella/usted and the ellos/ellas/usteded forms.
Example:
Dormi Dormimos
Dormiste
DURMIO DORMIERON
Snakey VerbsSnakey verbs also change in the el/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.
Except! they change to a y.
Lei Leimos
Leiste
LEYO LEYERON
This also works with verbs like Creir.
`
`
`
Imperfect
AR-
aba
abas
aba
abamos
aban
ER/IR-
ia
ias
ia
iamos
ian
Imperfect/Preterite Irregulars
These are the Preterite and Imperfect Irregular verbs and their conjugations:
IR- SER- VER-
Iba Ibamos
Ibas
Iba Iban
Era Eramos
Eras
Eran Eran
Veia Veiamos
Veiamos
Veia Veian
Preterite vs. ImperfectNot Interchangeable!!
Used depending on context and point of view of speaker.-Used to express actions that are COMPLETED. -Expresses the beginning or end of the past action. -Used for actions completed a certain number of times, during a specific period of time, or chain of events. AR- ER-e iaste isteo ioamos imosaron ieron
Also used depending on context and point of view of speaker. -Used to express an ongoing past actions with no reference to it’s beginning or end. NOT COMPLETED. -Describes physical or emotional states or characteristics, time, and age. -Used for actions completed habitually. AR- ER- aba iaabas ias aba ia abamos iamosaban ian
PreteriteImperfect
IrregularesIR SER VERIba era veiaIbas eras veiasIba era veiaIbamos eramos veiamos
Iban eran veian
``
``
`
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SER ESTAR
Descriptions
Dates
Events
Possessions
Relationships
Occupations
Time
Origin
Characteristics
Health
Emotions
Location
Present Condition
ING- endings
*DOCTOR PED *HELP-ING
USED FOR: USED FOR:
Verbs like Gustar
Aburrir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Apetecer, Sorprender, Preocupar, Dolar, Quedar, Molestar, Caer, Disgustar, Importar, Sobrar
When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used. These verbs are verbs that are conjugated the same way in every tense.
Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives and superlatives are used in the context of comparing and contrasting. The most common uses are:
--Menos..de/que
--Mas..deque
--Mejor..de/que
--Mayor..de/que
--Peor..que
--Menor..que
--Tan..como
Ex. Senora Linares es mas alta que Selena.
Irregulars:
Bueno > Mejor
Malo > Peor
Viejo > Mayor
Joven > Menor
Transition Words
Aunque-
Tambien-
Mientras-
A pesar de-
Pero-
Por lo tanto-
Sin embargo-
Even though
Also
While
In spite of
But
Therefore
Nevertheless
Future
Yo = Infinitive + e
Tu = Infinitive + as
El/Ella/Usted = Infinitive + a
Nosotros = Infinitive + emos
Ellos/Ellas/Usetedes = Infinitive + an
EXAMPLE:
Gustare Gustaremos
Gustaras
Gustara Gustaran
`
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`
`
Future IrregularsDar – Dir
Hacer – Har
Poner – Pondr
Salir – Saldr
Tener – Tendr
Caber – Cabr
Valer – Valdr
Poder – Podr
Querer – Quer
Saber – Sabr
Haber – Habr
Vendir – Vendr
Future Triggers
En el futuro Proximo`
Manana~El Proximoano`
POR• Passing through – PORtal
•General location- PARAguay
•How long something lasts- PORever
•The cause of something-PORpuse
•An exchange- imPORt/exPORt
•Doing something in the place of something else- Im POR, pay
me.
•A means of transPORtation
PARA
• For whom something is done –surprise PARAty
•Destination- PARAguay
• The purpose for which something is done –PARAsite/PARAchute
• To express an opinion – PARAdon me, but..
• To contrast or compare -ComPARAsons
•To express an idea of a deadline -PARAmedic
Refranes
• Ovejas bobas, por donde anda una, andan todas.• Quien mas sabe, mas duda.• Quieres tener un amigo verdadero? Ten un perro. • Un dedo no hace mano. Pero ayuda a sus hermanos. • Amigos leal, castillo real.• Mas vale un hoy, que diez mananas. • No hay rosa sin espinas.• Muchas manos en un plato, siempre causan arrebato. • Aunque la mona se viste de seda, mona se queda.