grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
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Grammar BookJuan Young
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Table of Contents
1. Nationalities
2. Stem-Changing Verbs (all 4 classes)
3. Para
4. Adjectives
5. Object Pronoun Placement
6. DOP (Direct Object Pronoun)
7. IOP (Indirect Object Pronouns)
8. ser vs. estar (all in one page)
9. -ísimo(a), and g/c/z
10. Verbs like gustar
11. Affirmative and Negative Words
12. pero vs. sino
13. DOP/IOP/SE
14. Reflexive verbs
15. Tú commands affirmative + negative + irregulars
16. los adverbios-mente17. deber + other modal verbs18. past participles as adjectives19. preterite20. present progressive
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1)Nacionalidad
Country (Pais)oaosas
Nacionalidad
Others
nicaragüensePuertoriqueñoSalvadoreñocostarricense
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2)Stem Changing Verbs
Puedo Podemos
Puedes Podeís
Puede Pueden
O-ue Poder
Pido Pedimos
Pides Pedis
Pide Piden
E-I PedirPienso Pensamos
Piensas Pensais
Piensa Piensan
E-ie Pensar
Juego Jugamos
Juegas Jugáis
Juega Juegan
U-ue Jugar
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3)Para
Para Infinitivo
Una pluma es para escribir.
Estos zapatos son para corer.
Used when describing what
something does or what it is for
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4)Adjectives
Adjectives have to match what they are
derscribing
O-ending is masculineA-ending is feminine
Common Adjectives
cuidadosorápidolento
tranquiloreciente
frecuentefácil
normalespecial
feliz
These don’t need to have
an ending change
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5)Object Pronoun Placement
Objects are placed before the conjugated
verb unlike English I watch it.
Yo lo miro.
Direct object
Verb
VerbDirect Object
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6)Direct Object Pronoun
Me Nos
Te Os
Lo/La Los/Las
Quiero la camisa. = I want the shirt
La quiero. = I want it.
A direct object NOUN is after the verb but a direct object pronoun is before
the conjugated verb.
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7)Indirect Object Pronouns
Me Nos
Te Os
Le Les
Same as Direct Objects except Le and Les
Rosa le compra una olla a su madre.
Can also attach to infinitives
Rosa quiere comprarle una olla a su madre.
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Use Estar when describing
PositionLocationActionConditionEmotion
Use Ser when describing
DateOccupationCharacteristicTimeOriginRelation
8)Ser vs. Estar
Soy Somos
Eres Sois
Es Son
Estoy Estamos
Estás Estáis
Está Están
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9)-ísimo
Add this to make your adjectives extreme
Adjective ísimo Simple as that
Funky Ones
Rico Riquísimo
Larga Larguísima
Feliz Felicísimo
C-quG-guZ-c
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10)Verbs like Gustar
Aburrir- to boreFascinar- to be fascinatingImpotar- to be important
Molestar- to botherEncantar- to love something
Faltar- to be lacking
Me gusta Nos gusta
Te gusta Os gusta
Le gusta Les gusta
The verb like gustarchanges to match the noun not the speaker
Me faltan las enchiladas.
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11)Affirmative/Negative
Algo- somethingAlguien- someone
Algún- someSiempre- always
También- also
Nada- nothingNadie- no oneNingún- noneNunca- never
Tampoco- neither
Double negatives are needed in Spanish if the
negative word is after the verb like
No quiero nada.
Affirmative
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12)Pero vs. Sino
Pero and Sino both mean but butare not interchangeable.
Sino No sirven comida en el bar, sino en el -----------------------restaurante.
Pero Compraría un auto, pero no tengo dinero.
Sino is used when the second half contradicts
the first half.
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13)DOP/IOP/SE
When both an indirect object pronoun and a direct
object pronoun are in a sentence the indirect comes
first.
Two “L”s is a no.
Ellos me los dan.Ella te la vende.
Le lo se loLe la se laLe los se losLe las se lasLes lo se loLes la se laLes los se losLes las se las
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14)Reflexive Verbs
dormirse Conjugate duermo me Me duermo.(I fall asleep)
Ex.
Me afeito después de me ducho por la mañana
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15)Tú Commands
Change it to third person singular.
Affirmative tú commands
Decir diHacer hazIr vePoner ponSalir salSer séTener tenVenir ven
Irregular
Negative tú commands
1)Put the verb in the yoform.
2)Switching the vowel3)Adding “S”
Dar desEstar estésIr vayasSer seas
Irregular
Hablar – hablo – iNo hables!
iNo lo uses! Don`t use it. (knife)
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16)0Adverbs
AdjectivesChange to feminine
mente Adverbs
Reciente recientementeFrequente frequentemente
Normal normalmenteRápido rápidamente
Fácil fácilmente
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17)Model VerbsDebo debemos
Debes debéis
Debe deben
Used with another verb. You conjugate the modal verb but leave the other as an
infinitive.
Yo debo nadar. I ought to swim.
Yo puedo nadir. I am able to swim.
Poder DesearDeber NecesitarQuerer Saber
Soler
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18)Past Participles as Adjectives
Drop the ar-ending and add ado
Or
Drop the er/ir-ending and add ido
Hablar ar ado hablado
How these things are used
La puerta está cerrada.(The door is closed.)
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19)Preterite
É amosHablé hablamos
AsteHablaste
Ó aronHabló hablaron
Í imosComí comimos
IsteComisteIó ieronComió comieron
This is also known as the Past Tense!
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20)Present Progressive
Ar Verbs add ando
Er/Ir Verbs add iendo
And sometimes yendo
Verb Irregular Present Participle
Leer leyendoOír oyendoTraer trayendo
Pedir pidiendoServir sirviendo
Decir diciendoDormir durmiendoVenir viniendo
Present Progressive is what you use when you
are going to do something. It can also be used with a pronoun. If this happens an accent goes on the third to last
syllable.
Estoy sacándolas para algo muy importante.
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Bibliography
• The backs of the vocab sheets.
• "Learn Spanish." Learn Spanish. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2014.
http://www.studyspanish.com/