grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
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Raul Templet
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Table of Contents
1: Nationalities
2: Stem Changers
3: Indirect Object Pronouns
4: Gustar
5: Affirmative & Negative Words
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Nationalities
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Stem Changers
• No stem changing in the nosotros or vosotros!
• Different kinds of stem changers:
• O>ue
• U>ue
• E>I
• E>ie
• Examples:
• O>ue/D(o)rmir> D(ue)rmo
• E>ie/P(e)nsar> p(ie)nsas
• E>i/P(e)dir> P(i)do
• U>ue/ J(u)gar> J(ue)go
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Para
• Para-for
• I ate meat for dinner
• Yo como carne para cena
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Indirect Object Pronouns
0 Placement:
0 Before a conjugated verb
0 Attach to an infinitive
0 Attach to a gerund/’ing’
0 Example: le, te, me, nos, les.
0 Whoever is reveiving the action is how you conjugate it.
0 Example: Pedro gives a ring to me; Pedre me da el arreta a mi.
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Pronoun Placement
0 When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb, the pronoun comes before the verb
0 Rosa le compra una olla a su madro
0 But when the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive, it can either go before the verb or attached to the end of the infinitive
0 Rosa quiere comprarle una olla a su madre.
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Not a stem changer
Indirect object pronoun is always with it
Usually preceeds the verb
Whatever is being “gusta’d” is how you write the ending
• For example:
• Me gustas tu.
• Le gusta el pan
• Le gusto me.
In some cases:
• ‘no’ goes before the I.O.P. and the verb
Gustar
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Affirmative & Negative Words
Affirmative: algo(something), alguien(someone), algun/alguno(a)(same), siempre(always), tambien(also)
Negative: nada(nothing), nadie(noone), ningun/ninguno(a)(none), nunca(never), tampoco(neither)
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Los Superlativos
Equivalent to ‘very’ or ‘extremely’
Suffix:
Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas
Malo>malisimo
Muchas>muchisimas
Dificil>dificilismo
Adjectives and adverbs ending in c, g, or z change spelkling to qu, gu, and c respectively
Rico>riquisimo
Larga>larguisima
Feliz>felicisimo
Adjectives that end in ‘n’ ot ‘r’ form by adding ‘cisimo/a
Joven>jovencisimo
Trabajdor>trabajadorcisimo
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Affirmative tu commands/irregulars/pronoun placement Drop the ‘s’
Example:
Hablo>habla.
You can attach the pronoun to the command.
Example:
Play the guitar: tocala (since guitar is guitara, you add the ‘la’ to the end of the command.)
Sing the song/to me: cantala/cantamela(the pronoun goes before the en==ending of whatever you are talking about.)
Irregulars:
Dar/decir : no des/digas
ir: no vayas
Ser: no seas
Hacer: no hagas
Estar: no estes
Saber: no sepas
Tener: no tengas
Venir: no vengas
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Negative tu commands
Put in the yo form
Change to opposite vowel (ar>er/ir, er/ir>ar)
Add ‘s’
Example:
Habla
Hables (you change it to the yo form, and since it is an ar verb you change it to e, and then add an ‘s’)
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Reflexives
What you are doing to yourself…it reflects back onto you.
I wash my teeth-I am washing myself so it’s reflexive because I am doing it to myself.
Me, te, le, nos, os, se.
Me duermo
Se duermen
Nos dormimos
Os dormimis
Le duerme
te duermes
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Sequencing events
Primer-first
Entonces- then
Despues- after
Luego- later
Por fin- finally
Por la manana/tarde/noche- in the…/during the…