grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
Raul Templet
Table of Contents
1: Nationalities
2: Stem Changers
3: Indirect Object Pronouns
4: Gustar
5: Affirmative & Negative Words
Nationalities
Stem Changers
• No stem changing in the nosotros or vosotros!
• Different kinds of stem changers:
• O>ue
• U>ue
• E>I
• E>ie
• Examples:
• O>ue/D(o)rmir> D(ue)rmo
• E>ie/P(e)nsar> p(ie)nsas
• E>i/P(e)dir> P(i)do
• U>ue/ J(u)gar> J(ue)go
Para
• Para-for
• I ate meat for dinner
• Yo como carne para cena
Indirect Object Pronouns
0 Placement:
0 Before a conjugated verb
0 Attach to an infinitive
0 Attach to a gerund/’ing’
0 Example: le, te, me, nos, les.
0 Whoever is reveiving the action is how you conjugate it.
0 Example: Pedro gives a ring to me; Pedre me da el arreta a mi.
Pronoun Placement
0 When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb, the pronoun comes before the verb
0 Rosa le compra una olla a su madro
0 But when the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive, it can either go before the verb or attached to the end of the infinitive
0 Rosa quiere comprarle una olla a su madre.
Not a stem changer
Indirect object pronoun is always with it
Usually preceeds the verb
Whatever is being “gusta’d” is how you write the ending
• For example:
• Me gustas tu.
• Le gusta el pan
• Le gusto me.
In some cases:
• ‘no’ goes before the I.O.P. and the verb
Gustar
Affirmative & Negative Words
Affirmative: algo(something), alguien(someone), algun/alguno(a)(same), siempre(always), tambien(also)
Negative: nada(nothing), nadie(noone), ningun/ninguno(a)(none), nunca(never), tampoco(neither)
Los Superlativos
Equivalent to ‘very’ or ‘extremely’
Suffix:
Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas
Malo>malisimo
Muchas>muchisimas
Dificil>dificilismo
Adjectives and adverbs ending in c, g, or z change spelkling to qu, gu, and c respectively
Rico>riquisimo
Larga>larguisima
Feliz>felicisimo
Adjectives that end in ‘n’ ot ‘r’ form by adding ‘cisimo/a
Joven>jovencisimo
Trabajdor>trabajadorcisimo
Affirmative tu commands/irregulars/pronoun placement Drop the ‘s’
Example:
Hablo>habla.
You can attach the pronoun to the command.
Example:
Play the guitar: tocala (since guitar is guitara, you add the ‘la’ to the end of the command.)
Sing the song/to me: cantala/cantamela(the pronoun goes before the en==ending of whatever you are talking about.)
Irregulars:
Dar/decir : no des/digas
ir: no vayas
Ser: no seas
Hacer: no hagas
Estar: no estes
Saber: no sepas
Tener: no tengas
Venir: no vengas
Negative tu commands
Put in the yo form
Change to opposite vowel (ar>er/ir, er/ir>ar)
Add ‘s’
Example:
Habla
Hables (you change it to the yo form, and since it is an ar verb you change it to e, and then add an ‘s’)
Reflexives
What you are doing to yourself…it reflects back onto you.
I wash my teeth-I am washing myself so it’s reflexive because I am doing it to myself.
Me, te, le, nos, os, se.
Me duermo
Se duermen
Nos dormimos
Os dormimis
Le duerme
te duermes
Sequencing events
Primer-first
Entonces- then
Despues- after
Luego- later
Por fin- finally
Por la manana/tarde/noche- in the…/during the…