grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
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Amelia Olton
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1) Nationalities2) Stem Changing3) Para4) Indirect Object Pronouns5) Pronoun Placement6) Gustar7) Affirmative/ Negative Words8) Superlatives9) Reflexives10) Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement11) Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement12) Sequencing events13) Preterite14) Trigger Words15) Car, gar, zar16) Deber+infinitive17) Modal verbs18) Present Progressives19) Adverbs
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Boot verbs change only inside the boot. There are 4 kinds of boot verbs. o-ue
e-ie
e-i
u-ue The endings remain the same for ar, er and ir
verbs. Nosotros and vosotros will not change in the
stem.
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Used for
The purpose of/ in order to
▪ Para bailar la salsa…
For the benefit of/ directed to
▪ Es para ello.
In the direction of/ specific placce
▪ Voy para Georgia
Specfic times
▪ Me despierto en la noche.
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Are nouns that tell to whom or for whom. Comes before the verb.
Ex. Bob me compra un regalo.
le
te
me
les
os
nos
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1) Attach the pronoun to the infinitive.2) Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense.3) Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command.4) Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb.
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The gusta is conjugated to the thing being gusta-ed
Me gustas tu.
Le gusta
• Te gusta
• Me gusta
Les gusta
• Os gusta
• Nos gusta
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• somethingAlgo
• someoneAlguien
• someAlgún/alguno(a)
• alwaysSiempre
• alsoTambién
• nothingNada
• no oneNadie
• none, not anyNingún/ninguno(a)
• neverNunca
• Neither, eitherTampoco
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To add emphasis, add –ísimo on the end
Fantasiquísimo, grandísimo
If the word ends in _ change to _ ↓
c
• qu
q
• gu
z
• C
n or r
• Add cisimo
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Used when the subject recieves the action Usually has –se at the end to show reflexiveness Ducharse – to shower one’s self
When congugated, the pronoun goes to the beginning and congugates Me ducho- I shower myself
Se
Te
Me
Se
Os
Nos
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Drop the “s”
DiHazVePonSalSéTenVen
The pronoun goes after the command
Eat it! !Cómelo!
Have it! !Tienelo!
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1. Put into yo form2. Change vowel3. Add “s”
The pronoun has to be put before the command because it is not affirmative.
No tengasNo vengas
No dé/ digasNo voyas
No seasNo hagasNo estésNo sepas
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Segundo
Primero
Second
First
Tercero Third
Entonces
Then
Luego/después
AfterAntes de/ después de
Before/ after
Por fin
Finally
Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche
In/ during the …
Los lunes, etc.
On Monday, etc.
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e
aste
o
amos
aron
i
iste
io
imos
ieron
AR ER/IR
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Un día Una vez Ayer A noche Hace un año Ya El mes pasado Anteayer Por una hora Por fin A las ocho El cinco de febrero Dos veces
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When the ending of a verb (yo form) is all messed up change the ending like this.
Car-que Dar-gue Zar-ce
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• Debes
• Debo
Debe
• -
• Debemos
Deben
should, ought toadd infinitive
after to say what
someone ought to do
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When verbs are used in modal verb combinations, the 2nd verb is not conhugated, but rather left in the infinitive form
Deber, Desear(desire), necesitar, poder, querer, saber, soler(usually,used to)
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EstarPresent
progressive verb(infinitive)
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Add –mente and make feminine Cuidadmente, especialmente, facilmente, feli
zmente, frecuentemente, lentamente, normalmente, rapidamente, recientemente, tranquilamente
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1) Preterite2) Demonstratives w/ Pronouns3) Ordinal Numbers4) Prepositions5) Future6) Imperfect7) Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns8) Reflexives
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Cucaracha Andar > anduv___ Estar > estuv___ Poder > pud___ Poner > pus___ Querer > quis___ Saber > sup___ Tener > tuv___ Venir > vin___ Conducir > conduj___ Producir > produj___ Traducir > traduj___ Decir > dij___ Traer > traj___
Car, Gar, Zar When the ending of a
verb (yo form) is all messed up change the ending like this.
Car-que Dar-gue Zar-ce
Trigger Words Un día Una vez Ayer A noche Hace un año Ya El mes pasado Anteayer Por una hora Por fin A las ocho El cinco de febrero Dos veces
Spock Verbs Hacer
• Hice
• Hiciste
• Hizo
• Hicimos
• Hicieron
Dar/Ver• d/v i
• d/v iste
• d/v io
• d/v imos
• d/v ieron
Ir/Ser• Fui
• Fuiste
• Fue
• Fuimos
• Fueron
Snake/Snakey Snake verbs change the
3rd person to the conjugated form.
Dormir
• Dormi
• Dormimos
• Dormiste
• Durmio
• Durmieron
Snakey verbs change the i to a y
Leer
• Lei
• Leimos
• Leiste
• Leyo
• Leyeron
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Adjectives SingularMasculan
PluralMasculan
SingularFeminine
PluralFeminine
Aqui Este Estos Esta Estas
Alli Ese Esos Esa Esas
Alla Aquel Aquellos Aquella Aquellas
Put an accent on the first e to make a pronoun If it is an unknown gender, then change the e or a to an o
• This is called a neuter
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primerofirst
segundosecond
tercerothird
cuartofourth
quintofifth
sextosixth
séptimoseventh
octavoeighth
novenoninth
décimotenth
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Abajo Down
Arriba Up
Debajo de Beneath
Dentro de Within
Encima de Above
Fuera de Outside
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Add on to the infinitive form -é -ás -á -emos -án.
caberyo cabré
haberyo habré
poderyo podré
quereryo querré
saberyo sabréponeryo pondré
saliryo saldré
teneryo tendré
valeryo valdré
veniryo vendrédeciryo diré
haceryo haré
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abaabasabaábamosabaisaban
íaíasíaíamosíaisían
ser ver ir
eraeraseraéramoseraiseran
veíaveíasveíaveíamosveíaisveían
ibaibasibaíbamosibaisiban
IRREGULAR
Shows a future that is not specific
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mineel mío / la míalos míos / las mías
yours (familiar)el tuyo / la tuyalos tuyos / las tuyas
yours (formal)el suyo / la suyalos suyos / las suyas
oursel nuestro / la nuestralos nuestros / las nuestras
yours (familiar)el vuestro / la vuestralos vuestros / las vuestras
yours (formal)el suyo / la suyalos suyos / las suyas
mi(s)my
tu(s)your (familiar)
su(s)his, her, your (formal), their
nuestro(-a, -os, -as)our
vuestro(-a, -os, -as)your (fam. pl.)
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Used when the subject recieves the action Usually has –se at the end to show reflexiveness Ducharse – to shower one’s self
When congugated, the pronoun goes to the beginning and congugates Me ducho- I shower myself
Se
Te
Me
Se
Os
Nos