grafton cardwell integrated pest management of california citrus 2011 2

7/31/2019 Grafton Cardwell Integrated Pest Management of California Citrus 2011 2

1/27

Management of Citrus

Beth Grafton-Cardwell

,stationed at the Kearney Ag Center

Director: Lindcove Research and Extension Center


2/27

San Joa uin Valle navels

Valencias & mandarins(>75% of citrus)

KAC

Navels & ValenciasLREC

DesertGrapefruit

CoastalLemons


3/27

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Citrus Red Mite

Citrus Thrips

Katydid

Cutworm, fruit tree leafroller, amorbia

California red scale

Citricola scale


4/27

Citrus Red Mite,Citrus Red Mite, Panonychus citriPanonychus citri

Fairly easilycontrolled by

Mite damaged Undamaged

enemies andsoft pesticidessuch as oils

Predatory mite,

and miticides

Summer heat+ virus

Cosmetic damageLower yield


5/27

Citrus Thrips,Citrus Thrips, Scirtothrips citriScirtothrips citri

Wingless thrips nymphs

Winged, adult citrus thrips

Cosmetic damage

Natural,

but dont bringscarring belowan economic

Wingless, 1st and 2nd instar thripsPredatory mite,Euseius tularensis

threshold


6/27

Forktailed Bush Katydid,Forktailed Bush Katydid, Scudderia furcataScudderia furcata

Biological control

damage is heavy= pesticides arenecessary


7/27

Citrus Cutworm,Citrus Cutworm, Egira curialisEgira curialis

aras t c wasps,Ophion spp.

Biological controlis very effective ifbroad spectrum

avoided


8/27

Cutworm Katydid Thrips

Cosmetic DamageCosmetic Damage

Equipment Hail Wind/sand Branch rubbing

Price per box Juice Choice Fancy

Navels $1.50 $13.13 $25.30

Valencias $1.60 $12.50 $20.50

Mandarins $0.28 $17.50 $29.70


9/27


Citrus Red Mite

Citrus Thrips

Spinetoram +aty


Pyrethroid or organophosphate


Citricola scale

Broad spectrumSoft on natural enemies


10/27

California Red Scale,California Red Scale,Aonidiella aurantiiAonidiella aurantii

Biological control isvery effective if broad

s ectrum insecticides

Downgrading of fruitYield Loss

are avoided and treesare cared for


11/27

High pressure spray washerremoves scale

300 psi (21kg/cm2)

Parasitic wasp,Parasitic wasp,Aphytis melinusAphytis melinus


12/27

20000 300

Pesticide treatments timed using degree days = accumulation of the averagedaily temperature above the lower developmental threshold (53oF)

rd250

e1100 DD

1650 DD

per

c

200

pert

a550 DD

Insecticides

e

scal

100 aw

lers

Insecticides

5000Ma

50C

0

13-Mar 27-Apr 11-Jun 26-Jul 9-Sep 24-Oct

0

Male Scale Crawlers


13/27


Citrus Red Mite

Citrus Thrips

Spinetoram +

aty


y


Pyriproxyfen

Citricola scale



14/27

Citricola Scale,Citricola Scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarumCoccus pseudomagnoliarum

Sooty moldYield

Biological control is poor because appropriatehost sta e sizes are not alwa s available =pesticides are necessary


15/27

Citricola Scale LifecycleCitricola Scale Lifecycle San Joaquin ValleySan Joaquin Valley

Jan JunFeb Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Egg- lay ing Fem aleso n t w ig s

Eggs

Craw le rs

1s t i ns ta r nym phs on l eaves

2 n d i n st a r s

on leaves2 n n st ar s

o n t w ig s2nd i nst a r s on

t w i g s

Chlo rpy r i fosI m i d a c l o p r i d

Ace tam ip r i d


16/27


Ci ru Red Mi e

Citrus ThripsSpinetoram

Katydid

Caterpillars

+ Pyrethroid

California red scaleAphytisPyriproxyfen

Citricola scaleChlorpyrifosImidacloprid, Acetamiprid

Average number of insecticides applied to citrus each year: 3


17/27

Invasive Pests Affecting California CitrusInvasive Pests Affecting California Citrus

assy-w nge s arps ooter 5

*Citrus Peelminer (1998)

*Citrus Leafminer (2000)

aprepes oo eev

Light Brown Apple Moth (2007)

Asian Citrus Psyllid (2008)

*Infesting San Joaquin Valley citrus


18/27

Citrus Leafminer,Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrella

Economicdamage for

new plantings

of citrus


19/27

19931994

1995

+

We are one of the last citrus

invaded by citrus leafminer

2006

2000


20/27

Potential for Biological ControlPotential for Biological Control

Citrus leafminer and Citrus peelminer share many of the sameparasites:

Closterocerus

ChrysocharisSympiesis

Cirrospilus


21/27

Pesticide and pheromone treatments for citrus leafminerPesticide and pheromone treatments for citrus leafminer

recommended for nurseries and new plantingsrecommended for nurseries and new plantingsNeonicotinoids: acetamiprid, imidacloprid,thiamethoxam, dinotefuran

Oil at frequent intervals

methoxyfenozide

nsect growt regu ators:diflubenzuron, neem

spinetoram

S irotetramt

rynaxypyr, cyazypyr



22/27

Asian Citrus Psyllid,Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citriDiaphorina citri

Tamarixiawasp

Lady beetles


23/27

Bacterial Huanglongbing (citrus greening) diseaseBacterial Huanglongbing (citrus greening) disease

Leaves yellow, the fruit issmall, doesnt color properly,orms uneven segmen s, e

juice turns bitter andeventually the tree dies


24/27

The distribution of the psyllid and HLB disease inThe distribution of the psyllid and HLB disease inNorth and Central AmericaNorth and Central America

Distribution of Asian citrus psyllid in orange anddistribution of Huanglongbing in green.

CDFA: Trapping ACP andtreating infested

backyard citrus

Citrus Industry: Trappingfor ACP in commercial

citrus, testing leaves

for HLB, funding

19982008

,regulatory changes

University of California:

advice, extensioneducation of growers

and the general public


25/27


Citrus Red Mite

Citrus Thrips

Spinetoram +

aty

Caterpillars

Pyrethroid

California red scaleAphytisPyriproxyfen

Citricola scale ChlorpyrifosImidacloprid, Acetamiprid

Asian citrus psyllid

Pyrethroid PyrethroidSystemic Imidaclopridor Thiamethoxam


26/27

www.ucanr.org/sites/KACCitrusEntomology

GrowerGrower psyllid management strategies

HomeownerHomeowner assistance

www.CaliforniaCitrusThreat.orgwww.CaliforniaCitrusThreat.orgwww.peligrancitricosencalifornia.comwww.peligrancitricosencalifornia.com

Radio, Newspapers, TV

Posters, bookmarks, doorhangers

Workshops with ppt, quizzing

World wide web informational sites and training


27/27

Goals of California Citrus IPMGoals of California Citrus IPM

Manage pests in a way that iseconomical and sustainable.Minimize broad spectrum

natural enemies. Address

pesticide resistance, worker,issues.

grafton cardwell integrated pest management of california citrus 2011 2

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