graft
DESCRIPTION
agricultural urbanismTRANSCRIPT
Category:
Urban Agriculture
Housing and shelter
Public space
CAPE TOWN2012
225LOF WATER / PERSON PER DAY
SCOTTSDENE RESIDENTS
15,875
/ ENT3,076
17%
CURRENT HOUSE-HOLDS IN SCOTTSDENE
STAY IN INFORMALSETTLEMENTS
84%TRAINED NON-PROFFESSIONAL JOBS
26%INCOME IS BELOW THE POVERTY LINE
1500CURRENT DENSITY OF PEOPLE PER KM²
1 in 4 ARE UNEMPLOYEDIN SCOTTSDENE
573kgOF WASTE GENERATED PER PERSON PER YEAR
Category:
Urban Agriculture
Housing and shelter
Public space
Hous
Category:
Urban Agriculture
Hous
Urban Agriculture
Hous
225LOF WATER / PERSON PER DAY
Hous
Public space
Hous
Public space
WHATIF
WECOULD
?
“Our biggest challenge in this new century is to take an idea that seems abstract – sustainable development – and make it into a daily reality for all the world’s people” -Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General, March 2001
/// ENT
GRAFT, means to unite and implant new ideas on small scale urban agriculture and how it can inform place making, housing and the nautral environment...
2 / Community Engagement
1 / Community Engagement GRAFT is a practise led environmental and housing action group, working with the
existing context to initiate new organic food growing systems within the urban context. Through various nurture conservation projects as the basis of sustainable lifestyles, GRAFT promotes building social capital, self-help job creation, poverty alleviation, local food security and urban renewal. Secondly GRAFT informs local Government and Housing development companies on its livelihood activities as a key influence for sustainable and resilient urban development. Community engagement occurs on multiple levels between various participants and actors to achieve the core principles of GRAFT:
GRAFT is community: strengthening existing social engagement within the community, while re-establishing existing links between residents in formalised social housing and informal dwellings.
GRAFT with “agri-urban” NGO’s [Abalimi Bezekhaya and Soil for Life]: shared expertise and practical capacity building for regional solutions with urban agriculture; to establish a local seed exchange program with active food banks, providing food security for the City of Cape Town.
GRAFT with adjacent Stellenbosch farmers: capacity building through shared knowledge of commercial agriculture and neighbouring conservation, generating new income opportunities for the local community of Scottsdene.
GRAFT with professional team/ academics: with support from the professionals /academics in the built environment, GRAFT themselves are empowered to play the critical role in initiating growth, housing and long term sustainability within Scottsdene. The critical engagement between GRAFT, local government and the project team is key to the success of community led resilient urban design.
1//SOCIAL INNOVATION
GRAFT: A new approach to social
innovation within urban areas. It is
derived from the local agenda where
the need to foster innovation, facilitate
local enterprise and built social
capital demands a responsive urban
fabric. Social innovation through
a self-organised system of people,
agriculture, space making, housing and
governance.
1
EMPOWER OURSELVESWHAT IF WE COULD ?
$
NGO
12
3
4
DEVELOPERLED GROWTH
URBAN AGRICULTURE
PLACE MAKING ANDINCLUSIVE HOUSING
FOOD SECURITY/SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
SELF-GOVERNINGCOMMUNITY
SELF- ORGANIZEDSYSTEM
EXISTINGSCENARIO
OUR OWN SOCIAL CAPITAL
PERCEIVED SOC
IAL CAPITAL
3 / Urban Design Principles
2 / ACTIONS FOR A RESPONSIVE URBAN FABRICPhysical Connections: good access and connections are paramount. The pedestrian
and vehicular connections between the site and its built and unbuilt surroundings becomes the basis for urban linkage. Provision should be made for all forms of movement, with positive discrimination in favour of existing walking and cycling; responding to the local context.
Place making: traditional place making within Scottsdene focuses on agricultural activity areas, and the public support network therein. Providing this comfortable and stimulating public realm encourages social interaction but requires detailed attention to the structure / phasing and the elements contained in places. This involves detailed surface articulation, for multiple users. Issues of security, public art, street furniture and lighting are further articulated according to the urban context and agricultural land.
Allow for densities: higher densities in a compact urban form benefi ts:a. Social proximity with positive interaction and diversity. Preserves and helps fund maintenance of public open space and amenities.b. Improves quality and access to community services and public amenities. Enables more and better integrated housing; avoiding urban sprawl.c. Enhances economic viability of the project. Provides economies of infrastructure and urban agriculture and supports public transport.d. Increase energy effi ciency; decrease resource consumption, waste and pollution.
Public amenities: public facilities should closely correlate with the order of movement and its relationship with agricultural activities. These facilities support the practice of GRAFT. The public amenities further help defi ne a unique character of space within the context of Scottsdene.
2//MICRO AND MACRO CONTEXT
GRAFT aims to produce more food
than the Scottsdene community can
consume, sustain jobs and become
a regional food bank for Cape Town.
Secondly, GRAFT aims to take urban
development and governance in their
own hands. “Pastoral”, productive
agricultural landscape and energetic,
dense urban landscapes appeared
diametrically opposed, until we
develop a shared vision agricultural
urbanism” GRAFT.
2
HARNESS URBAN AGRICULTURE
BUILT SOCIAL CAPITAL
INCLUSIVE HOUSING
SUSTAIN PUBLIC AMENITIES
STRENGTHEN RECYCLING
Cape Town
UrbanEdge
AtlanticOcean
IndianOcean
SCOTTSDENE
BUILT SOCIAL CAPITAL
INCLUSIVE HOUSING
SUSTAIN PUBLIC AMENITIES
HARNESS URBAN AGRICULTURE
4 / Financial Model
3 / Financial ModelInnovative ideas around financing and mobilising resources for resilient urban
development includes three tiers: a. Micro “self-help”: “stokvel”/ household savings from existing agricultural profits.b. Macro: state funds for inclusive housing and infrastructure development through the Urban Settlement Development Grant. Integrated model with subsidy and cross subsidisation for various housing typologies include the National Housing Subsidy, Community Residential Unit subsidy and subsidy from other Social Housing NGO’s. c. External: private sector investments in housing, public amenities and space making.
“Self-help” financed small scale food production in existing gardens with local labour/skills [social capital], own equipment and farming knowledge is the corner stone for the financial model. Pockets of existing land have been earmarked and will be supplied/ financed by the State. The importance and allocation of land to communal ownership will be done with GRAFT. Any external funding, will contribute mainly towards GRAFT’s start-up capital for purchasing better seed, material for public space place making elements and food nutrition/ urban agricultural programmes.
4 / Public / Private PartnershipTo sustain massive small change, GRAFT envisages urban agricultural space making
initiatives and ongoing formations of public/ private and private/ private partnerships as essential concepts. GRAFT attempts to put in place an innovative “top down” approach to partnerships that is more “open” from the “bottom up” for responses by a range of urban actors. It essentially allows the community to become the main actor in urban development and to establish a “needs list” to guide planning, design and implementation of the development of Scottsdene.
$ CREATE AND SUSTAININCOME OPPORTUNITIES
BUILD SOCIAL & RECREATIONALACTIVITES
NEGATIVEURBAN SPACE
PUBLIC / PRIVATEPARTNERSHIPS
DEVELOPERLED GROWTH
SUSTAIN FOODPRODUCTION
CREATE OWNPOSITIVE PUBLIC SPACE
TAKE OWNERSHIPOF PUBLIC SPACE
COMMUNITYLED GROWTH
NEW GRAFTSCENARIO
EXISTINGSCENARIO
WHAT IF WE COULD ?EMPOWER COMMUNITIES
3//COMMUNITIES PARTNERSHIPS
Alternatives to precarious State or
Developer driven partnerships are
proposed. Innovative community led
partnerships between GRAFT [broad
based community action group]
the State, Developers and other
stakeholders has been initialised.
3
5 / Images // Drawings
WALKING TIME TOSTELLENBOSCHFARMLANDS
15MINDRIVING DISTANCETO CAPE TOWN CITY
30MIN
17%STAY IN INFORMALDWELLINGS
MAKE CONNECTIONS
STELLENBOSCHFARMS
CONNECTING COMMUNITIES
TO LOCALGOVERNMENT
CONNECTING LOCAL FARMERS
?SCOTTSDENE
CAPETOWN
NEW RESIDNETIAL UNITS
2084
NEW GRAFTSCENARIO
EXISTINGSCENARIO
WHAT IF WE COULD ?
5
4
4/5//CONNECTIONS
Multiple connections are achieved,
both physically and visually, between
existing community members. GRAFT
brings together the community,
local government and local farming
communities.
Movement through space creates a
continuity of experience. This is derived
from the nature and form of the spaces
through which the movement occurs.
This is key to the concept of movement
as a system that dominates organising
force in architectural and urban design.
URBAN EDGE
INFORMAL
DWELLINGS
FORMALISED
DWELLINGS
PROPOSED
SCOTTSDENE INFILL
EX. FARMLANDS
EX. SPORTS
FIELDS
1
6 / Images // Drawings
RESIDENTS
NEW RESIDENTIAL UNITS
15,875
2084
SUPPORT PEOPLEAND PROVIDINGFOOD SECURITY
441781
2
3
SUPPORTING NEWRESIDENTS
6252
3,076 CURRENT HOUSE-HOLDS IN SCOTTSDENE
22,089m²NEW AREA OF PRODUCTIVE URBAN LANDSCAPE
SCOTTSDENE
NEW GRAFTSCENARIO
EXISTINGSCENARIO
WHAT IF WE COULD ?MAKE RESILIENT PLACES AND SPACES
7
6/7//RESILIENT PLACE MAKING
Spaces and places are defined by
GRAFT related activities, where urban
agriculture is a key tool in developing
the local context.
The intervention is an infill that provides
continuity within the public structure,
which integrates public space with
urban agriculture. A variety of scales
and elements are implemented to
create a hierarchy of spaces; these
range from public, semi-private and
private.
6
DESIGN FOR A MIXTURE OF DENSITIES / OPPORTUNITIES
1500CURRENT DENSITY OF PEOPLE PER KM²
2100
52%
PROPOSED DENSITY OF PEOPLE PER KM²
OF FOOD PRODUCED WILL ALLOWFOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
MIX A RANGE OF NEW HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AND TENURE
GENERIC HOUSINGTYPOLOGIES
1 in 4 ARE UNEMPLOYEDIN SCOTTSDENE
1
2
3
NEW GRAFTSCENARIO
EXISTINGSCENARIO
WHAT IF WE COULD ?
9
8
8/9//DESIGNING FOR DENSITIES
A range of inclusive housing typologies
is proposed in order to accommodate
the greatest possible range of income
groups and housing preferences. It is
critical that densities are increased in
order to sustain public facilities. With
the establishment of this dense centre,
better urban services, public transport
and complexed living environments
are created where peripheral sprawl is
contained. GRAFT attempts to sustain
a critical mass thereby sustaining a
resilient urban environment.
7 / Images // Drawings
BONDED HOUSING[private funded]GAP HOUSING[part subsidised]HYBRID HOUSING[gap/social/fully subsidised]URBAN AGRICULTUREPUBLIC AMENITIES
INFORMAL
DWELLINGS
FORMALISED
DWELLINGS
PROPOSED
SCOTTSDENE INFILL
EX. FARMLANDS
EX. SPORTS
FIELDS
URBAN EDGE
8 / Images // Drawings
10
11
10/11//PUBLIC AMENITIES
Public amenities provided revolve
around the concept of urban agriculture,
to sustain the community of Scottsdene.
Facilities should be located as an
integral part of the urban fabric
providing continuity and coherence to
the urban realm. Furthermore public
amenities should contribute towards
urban definition, creating edges, axis
and habitable spaces. Rather than
grouping public amenities, they are
distributed throughout.
SUSTAIN PUBLIC AMMENITIES
84%TRAINED NON-PROFFESSIONAL JOBS
52%OF FOOD PRODUCED TOBE STORED IN FOODBANKOR PROVIDE INCOME
CONNECTING COMMUNITIESTO PUBLIC AMMENITIES
RECYCLING WASTE /PROVIDING INCOME
URBAN AGRICULTUREFOR FOOD SECURITY
POSITIVE HOUSINGTYPOLOGIES WITHRECREATION AMMENITIES
22,089m²
NEW GRAFTSCENARIO
EXISTINGSCENARIO
573kgOF WASTE GENERATED PER PERSON PER YEAR
DISLOCATED PUBLICAMMENITIES AND COMMUNITY
WHAT IF WE COULD ?
URBAN AGRICULTURE
EDUCATION - “GRAFT”
FOODBANK
EX. COMMUNITY
HALL
CIVIC SPACE
“STOKVEL” BANK
CRÈCHE
RECYCLING
CENTRE
CHURCH
SPORTS &
AGRICULTURE
WIND TURBINES TRANSPORT HUB