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Overview1) Writing (Alexandra Terashima)Learn to write abstracts using your undergraduate dissertation topic.����������!� "� � ��������

2) Presentation (Suwako Uehara)Learn academic presentation skill using your undergraduate dissertation topic.

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English taught through English.

A-1 A-2 B-1 B-2

２ 4/19 Terashima 樫森 Sandhu 上原

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補講 8/2 上原 補講

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Schedule

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Writing�� Points to take care of

p 3 Overview P 11 CitationP 13 Paraphrasing, summarizingP 15 Written English p 20 – 29 Title and abstractp 31-33 Sample abstracts

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A1 Graduate school Technical EnglishName: Taro DentsuStudent No.:Version: DraftDate: 1st May 2018

Title

The abstract should be 300 words.

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A1 Graduate school Technical EnglishResearch supervisor: Professor Hanako DenkiName: Taro DentsuStudent No. 12345678Version: DraftDate: 1st May 2018

Ors1 gene is a negative regulator in the Zebrafish embryo

Alexandra TerashimaApril 12, 2018

Background

Fertilized egg

Embryo

Adult zebrafish

Embryo development is complex and must be precisely regulated

Hagos and Dougan, BMC Dev Bio 2007; Kimmel et al, Dev Dyn, 1995; Thisse and Thisse, Dev, 1999Alberts et al. Essential cell biology, 2013

Background: Loss of regulation causes defects

Hagos and Dougan, BMC Dev Bio 2007; Kimmel et al, Dev Dyn, 1995; Thisse and Thisse, Dev, 1999

Loss of tissues Ectopic tissues

Normal embryo

Not enough signal Too much signal

Background: Embryo development

Zebrafish embryo over 18 hrs

Embryo

Yolk cell

Kimmel et al, Dev Dyn, 1995

Background: Cell fate• Cell fate is determined very early in embryogenesis

• Cell fate is determined by morphogens• Diffusible molecules that

direct cells to become different organs

Kimelman & Martin, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 2012

• A morphogen called Nodalcontrols endoderm cell fate

Endoderm:• Digestive tract• Lungs• Liver

Background: Nodal morphogen

Osr1 gene

Embryo

Yolk cell

Nodal activityregion

• osr1 gene is turned on in Nodal domain

Poulain et al, Development, 2006

Mudumana et al, Dev, 2008

Research Question• Does osr1 play a role in cell fate specification

of endoderm by Nodal?

Nodal

Endoderm

Osr1

?

Experimental Design

• Q: Does Osr1 play a role in the formation of Endoderm?• Experimental Approach: Loss of function– Block function of Osr1 gene in zebrafish embryo– What happens to the endoderm?

mouse

XOsr1

?

Poulain et al, Development, 2006

Kimmel et al, Dev dyn, 1995

Result

Normal

No Osr1

Normal

No Osr1

• osr1 loss results in expansion of Endoderm genes

Nodal

Endoderm

Osr1

X

Endoderm

Mudumana et al, Dev, 2008

Discussion and Conclusions• Nodal turns on Osr1• Loss of Osr1 expands endoderm genes• Therefore:– Osr1 is a negative feedback regulator– Regulates how much endoderm is produced

An important regulatory step in thepatterning of the Zebrafish embryo

Nodal

Endoderm

Osr1

Future directions

• Does Osr1 work with other genes?

• How does Osr1 block Endoderm genes?

• What happens to other tissues if there is too much endoderm?

References

Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., ... & Walter, P. (2013). Essential cell biology. Garland Science.

Hagos, E. G., & Dougan, S. T. (2007). Time-dependent patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm by Nodal signals in zebrafish. BMC developmental biology, 7(1), 22.

Kimelman, D., & Martin, B. L. (2012). Anterior–posterior patterning in early development: three strategies. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 1(2), 253-266.

Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R., Ullmann, B., & Schilling, T. F. (1995). Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Developmental dynamics, 203(3), 253-310.

Mudumana, S. P., Hentschel, D., Liu, Y., Vasilyev, A., & Drummond, I. A. (2008). odd skipped related1 reveals a novel role for endoderm in regulating kidney versus vascular cell fate. Development, 135(20), 3355-3367.

Poulain, M., Fürthauer, M., Thisse, B., Thisse, C., & Lepage, T. (2006). Zebrafish endoderm formation is regulated by combinatorial Nodal, FGF and BMP signalling. Development, 133(11), 2189-2200.

Schier, A. F., & Talbot, W. S. (2005). Molecular genetics of axis formation in zebrafish. Annu. Rev. Genet., 39, 561-613.

Terashima, A. V., Mudumana, S. P., & Drummond, I. A. (2014). Odd skipped related 1 is a negative feedback regulator of nodal-induced endoderm development. Developmental Dynamics, 243(12), 1571-1580.

Thisse, C., & Thisse, B. (1999). Antivin, a novel and divergent member of the TGFbeta superfamily, negatively regulates mesoderm induction. Development, 126(2), 229-240.

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