graduate portfolio_c_j_stone

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN

INTEGRATED

Christopher Stone

BUILDING DESIGN

_1

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN

For years Architects have been creating ‘problems’ for Engin-eers to ‘make work’, a relationship responsible for buildings, cities and civilization.

The professional Architectural Technologist incorporates con-ceptual design, and construction resolution in one role.

Architectural Technology and Design, a program which is equipping students of architecture, engineering & the con-struction industry with real construction knowledge alongside the fundamentals of creative architectural design. This port-folio aims to provide an example of art and creativity accom-panied by technical solutions to produce feasible projects in Integrated Building Design.

Christopher Stone BSc (Hons) Architectural Technology & Design

_3

CONTENTS

Forward Valentine Bridge - Survey

Flower Shop & Public WC’s: abstract

Flower Shop & Public WC’s: with context

The Building Envelope: Façade

_1 _5

_9

_17

_29

_5

Architect: W.S. Atkins - construction Alfred McAlpineDate Built: Completed 2000Location: Temple Quay

The objective of this project was to physically survey the bridge followed by a presentation of orthographic draw-ings showing accurate arrangements with dimensions.

TEMPLE QUAY, BRISTOL SEPTEMBER 29TH 2013VALENTINE BRIDGE

This Cable-stayed bridge apparently named on Febru-ary 14th sweeps across the floating harbour in an ‘S’ at Bristol’s on-going office and residential development, “Temple Quay”. It provides a short cut for pedestrian and cyclist commuters alighting trains at Bristol Temple Meads travelling towards the city centre and North Bris-tol. It has a steel structure of a large CHS and fabricated UB sections as struts making up the deck. Tension rods suspend the deck connected between the main Pylon and ground anchors.

Handrail Elevation Detail

Structural Grid

_7

Deck Tension Rod Connection Detail

Section Through Deck

Ground Anchors

_9

SEPTEMBER 29TH 2013

FLOWER SHOP & PUBLIC WCs: ABSRACTThe project objective is learn to think and design in three dimen-sions.From concept to completion with consideration to all influencing factors. Aesthetics, function, structure and services. The existing constraints are a 6m cube, in which one must successfully design two spaces with function; a flower shop and a public toilet.

_11

General arrangement and designating each space starts at an early stage with 3D sketches. This will help to show realistic proportions and then inform decisions such as where to put the lift shaft for disabled access between levels, which face of the cube will then house the main entrance, and what location best suits a ser-vice riser?

A series of sketch models will help confirm the under-standing of space and function. The design can then progress towards resolving structural solutions and rout-ing services.

A structural timber frame for this building is an idea from concept. A flower shop deriving from nature and so the timber structure a suited response.

Modelling the structural frame at scale helps to locate column positions and floor beams, also connections - all the while developing the scheme in three dimensional form.

To model the design digitally holds many advantages. The ability to work to greater accuracy is increased and changes to the design are much easier to make without taking much time. The ability to create realisitic visuals is great for gaining an idea of how the building appears aesthetically.

Modelling like this is crucial to bring to light conflicts and clashes between the architectural design of aesthetics and functional space and the engineering design of structure or services.

_13

Resolving final layout and sketching construction details to suit the scheme. The idea is to hold a large water storage tank fed from a rain water harvester to supply the flower shop as well as the toilet cisterns. The tank would be a central piece in the flower shop floor, finished in crafted copper with feature taps. The bottom of the tank will penetrate the floor slab and pipes running to the toilets will be visible copper plumbing.

In a scale model of 1:20 architecture, structure and services are represented with modelling materials.

_15

Sequential views show how the building looks to the user.

The Chasm Shop floor

The tank The landing

Lift and stairs Shop floorThe scheme, a structural timber frame with a glass cladded façade. Architectural steel spiral staircase to the landing where a suspended walkway provides the access to the flower shop terracotta tiled floor and hand crafted copper water storage tank.Public toilets on the ground floor, access from the chasm walkway which divides the two halves of the cube. Faced in natural stone cladding with exposed plumbing.

_17

DECEMBER 9TH 2013

FLOWER SHOP & PUBLIC WCs:

IN CONTEXTA flower shop and a public toilet, loc-ated in the busy West Plaza at Canary Wharf financial district, London.

Using concrete to respond to each stage of the building designand con-sidering the immediate environment to inform function, space and location.

Building zone

People Flow & orientation

When analysing the site constraints its important to consider the “people flow”, at rush hour thousands of people move through this space at the west entrance to the underground station, the orientation of the building in response it’s environment will make or break the scheme.

_19

Design development

Structural precedent study

The Berlin Wall

To achieve the “concrete canopy” to over hang the spaces I’m creating with this design I am considering the structural integrity of the cantilever following the ex-ample of sections of precast reinforced concrete which make up the notorious structure The Berlin Wall.

Concrete is ductile and malleable, a property that makes it quite a unique construction material.

It will take what form you give it. This is how I will achieve to form precast sections to create the structure but also how functional services will be made, “cast in” pipework and moulded toilets and basins.

_21

Working at a smaller scale with line drawings helped to achieve the final desired form. Following the irregular pattern of the extruded plan, I exper-imented with moving the position of a glass canopy that would cover the middle space between the toilet and flower shop.My original idea was to cover the the space with a glass shield. Insetting the glass below the top of concrete revealed an elegant gutter detail that would collect and feed a rain water har-vester.

Canary Wharf Underground station London 1991-1999

Foster + Partners

An elegant example of in-situ and pre cast elements. Bringing together all the architectural aspects of geometry, formwork, texture and finish.Glass canopies cover entrances and draw in daylight. Glass, steel and concrete, a durable composition of materials for a space that needs to be tough.

Textured concrete is the positive or negative imprint of the mould used to form the concrete. Using this technique can alter the atmosphere of a space simply from appearance.

_23

Utrecht University library, Netherlands 1997-2004

Wiel Arets

A negative print of grasses has been etched onto the glass panes and a similar print has been used to create textured concrete panels.Latex sheets are moulded with the pattern from the grass, these sheets are used to line the formwork. The concrete is poured in and once cured, the formwork is removed and the latex sheets when peeled off reveal the beautiful tex-tured concrete.

I want to create “plant concrete”. Responding to the flower shop and the nearby park it will create the appearence and atmosphere if not art/sculp-ture I am trying to achieve.For this project I will replicate the latex sheets with clay and a timber form-work I have built in the workshop. Pressing the plants into the clay creates the negative imprint.

Once the concrete had cured I removed the formwork to reveal my tile of “plant concrete”.

To replicate the pre cast concrete sections of the building I made a formwork for each section out of foam board. I braced the formwork and poured in the wet concrete mix. Once these sections had cured I removed them and assembled to sections of precast conrete.

_25

Pre cast concrete scale model. Showing the cantilevering base supporting the over head canopy. I used a fibre gauze to act as reinforcement within the thickness of each bay’s concrete section. The sketches below show rebar reinforcement position.Each precast section connect together forming the spine of the building.

_43Plan 1:50

North Elevation

South Elevation

East Elevation

West Elevation

Plan

Section

Cast Section

Luminaire

Glazing anchor

Drainage

Glass canopy

Glass paneSteel frame (cast in)

Precast concreteSteel reinforcement

_27_27

_29

MARCH 24TH 2014

THE BUILDING ENVELOPE:

A facade designed to work with an existing steel frame in an 8m plot. Adjacent to ex-isting buildings.Retail at ground floor with office space at second floor.

FAÇADE

Debenhams, Oxford Street, West End

In February 2014 the department store was revitalised using an innovative over-cladding system designed by world renowned artist Ned Kahn.

This captivating interactive facade keeps up with the site’s prominent location next to the upgraded Bond Street Underground station. “The design showcases a new approach to public art by incorporating it within the fabric of the building itself. The ‘Kinetic facade’ is a first for the UK and will move in response to the wind. The building’s facade will appear to ripple fluidly as the wind activated thousands of sus-pended alumnium panels.”buildingprojectsnews.blogspot.co.uk

During the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s London was experiencing architectural influences from a range of genres. In the mix were Victorian classicism, the Gothic style, old English styles like tudor architecture. Some buildings contain daring conjunctions of Greek columns with Roman arches combined with authentic materials (bricks) and even cast iron frames. The period of this eclectic mix of architecture and engineering is known as the Battle of the Styles.

Gucci

Old Bond Street West London

Located in the southern section of Bond Street, a strip home to many high price fashion shops since the 18th century. The street is one of the most expensive strips of real estate in the world. Bond Street, named after Sir Thomas Bond, the head of a syndicated of developers who pur-chased a Picadilly mansion in 1685 and proceeded to demolish the house and de-velop the area.

Today the clean stone facade with eleg-ant cornices, quoins and window details provides the perfect high street retail loc-ation for Gucci.

The Arthenaeum’s Vertical Garden

West London

Patrick Blanc

Research scientist Patrick Blanc designed the living wall that was installed on the corner of The Arthanaeum Hotel London.

“This technique enables urban plants to grow vertically without the need for soil. A system of slats is used to secure artificial felt and myriads of strategically placed plant roots, with automated watering and fertilisation.

Its nothing short of botanical architecture.”athenaeumhotel.com

_33

Site constraints inform the design of the facade with consideration for aesthetics, acoustics and solar shading.People flow and traffic flow inform the design for the entrance to the building. Breaking the site into simple shapes and geometry can help when alloc-ating area and finding correct proportions.

The site is south facing and threatens to heat the building through excessive solar heat gains. as a large part of the deisgn will possibly be glass. Sufficient shading must therefore be part of the design.A certain level of shading will be provided by the existing tree which can be accoun-ted for but I also plan for an architectural feature stone collinade to shade a large part of the glass facade.

Another important aspect for consider-ation is noise. The facade faces a road and a level of 70db is assumed. Sound reduction index calculations will determ-ine whether the composition provides an adequate amount of accoustic insulation.

The Idea

The facade design is to play on the eclectic mix of architecture from the Battle of the Styles. Cre-ating a contemporary version of an eclectic mix of architecture replacing genres with building en-velope technologies.

The Gucci shop front to be faced in a proud stone piece of colonnade architecture. Adjacent to the stone will be a corner piece of green wall like the Arthanaeum Hotel. Adjacent on the other side and facing the office and office entrance will be a glass facade shaded with a contemporary metalic sculpture.

_35

_55Scheme development research

Green Wall Vertical Gardens based on Patrick Blanc’s de-sign mainly consist of a water source at the top and a dirtless surface that absorbs the water, providing a place for the plants to grow.

BuildingTubular steel frame seper-ates the vegetated surface from the building

Plastic panelWoven material

Water nutrient drips from ir-rigation tubes at top edge of the wall

Two felt layers growing medium for the roots

Plants are inserted between two layers of felt

Gutter along the bottom of the wall catches water that can be recycled

Source: College of Architecture and Urban Planning: University of Washington

Green Wall mesh systems, generally a climbing plant is used with a grounded root base. A standard wall construction is faced with mesh allowing plants like Ivy to climb and cover the exterior of the building with vegetation.

Masonry cavity wall construction

Green-wall climbing plant mesh

Planting bed, roots, water, irrigation, fetilisation

Using the mesh system allows only for certain plant types. Climbers that have their root base in the ground are generally specified however the building orientation is important as Ivy roots thrive in dark and wet places allowing the plant to climb towards the sunlight.

Using the the mesh system with an incorrect building orientation or specifying use of the wrong plant will result in a dead green wall.

Classical stone work

Green wall panel

Structural steel frame

Steel frame

Plants

Growth medium (not soil)

Remote irrigation/fertilization systemStainless steel panel

For the south facing site and the nature of the complex façade a system of cladding type panels would be most ef-fective, providing a growing medium, fertilization and irriga-tion to each panel through down pipes allowing a broader range or plants for specification.

_55Scheme development research

Green Wall Vertical Gardens based on Patrick Blanc’s de-sign mainly consist of a water source at the top and a dirtless surface that absorbs the water, providing a place for the plants to grow.

BuildingTubular steel frame seper-ates the vegetated surface from the building


Water nutrient drips from ir-rigation tubes at top edge of the wall

Two felt layers growing medium for the roots



Source: College of Architecture and Urban Planning: University of Washington

Green Wall mesh systems, generally a climbing plant is used with a grounded root base. A standard wall construction is faced with mesh allowing plants like Ivy to climb and cover the exterior of the building with vegetation.


Green-wall climbing plant mesh

Planting bed, roots, water, irrigation, fetilisation

Using the mesh system allows only for certain plant types. Climbers that have their root base in the ground are generally specified however the building orientation is important as Ivy roots thrive in dark and wet places allowing the plant to climb towards the sunlight.

Using the the mesh system with an incorrect building orientation or specifying use of the wrong plant will result in a dead green wall.

Classical stone work

Green wall panel

Structural steel frame

Steel frame

Plants


Remote irrigation/fertilization systemStainless steel panel

For the south facing site and the nature of the complex façade a system of cladding type panels would be most ef-fective, providing a growing medium, fertilization and irriga-tion to each panel through down pipes allowing a broader range or plants for specification.

BuildingTubular steel frame seperates the vegetated surface from the building


Water/nutrients drip from irrigation tubes at top edge of the wall

Two felt layers grownig medium for the roots



Climbing plant mesh

Planting bed, roots, water, irrigation, fertilisation

Green wall mesh sys-tems, generally a climbing pant is used with a groun-ded root base. A standard wall construction is faced with mesh allowing plants like Ivy to climb and cover the exterior of the building with vegetation.

Using the mesh system with an incorrect building orientation or specifying the use of the wrong plant will result in the dead green wall.

It allows for only certain plant types. Climbers and Ivy. Plants that thrive in dark and wet places at root base but climb up towards light.I want to create a different type of green wall system for my facade design so that I can have a broader range for plants. This can be achieved by a troughed cladding panel.

Plants

Remote irrigation/fertilization system

Stainless steel panel



Source: College of Architecture and Urban Planning. University of Washington

_35

Steel frame

75 thk stone

The original idea was to create a pre-fabricated sys-tem of frame braced stone cladding panels. A skin of stonework would be tied to a braced steel sub-frame that would conncet to the main structural frame of the building.

After further consideration, and asking what is the desired aesthethic, the design changed and the stone collinade became an entirely external feature. A monilithic stone faced arch with elegant detailing.

_37

In the ealier stages of design the idea was to have a structural steel glass envelope with shaded by a sculptural steel facade.

After researching structural glass and possible struture and connection options, I have decided to use Foster’s/BuroHappold’s Imperial College Business School at-rium facade as a precedent.

Here structural silicon glass is used in conjunction with a external braced steel frame, this allows the inside face of glass to be free of structure and creates an elegant aesthetic on the outside.

I constructed a scale model at 1:20 replicating the con-struction systems exactly.

First I built the structural frame of the building and then the sub frame for the green wall cladding panels.

Next I built the glass cur-tain wall and the exo frame followed by planting the cladding panels, fitting the windows and building the feature stone arch in front of the retail space.

_39

UP

321

ED

CB

A

1

A101

1

A101

2

A102

Ground Floor Facade Plan1:50

321

ED

CB

A

1

A101

1

A101

2

A102

First Floor Facade Plan1:50

_41

321

ED

CB

A

1

A101

1

A101

2

A102

Second Floor Facade Plan1:50

321

01

3250

02

6500

03

9750

1

A101

1A104

2A104

3A104

_43

321

01

3250

02

6500

03

9750

1

A101

1A104

2A104

3A104

Building Section1:20

Bespoke green wallcladding panel

DPM

Insulation

Cold formedsteel stud

Compressable joint

Concrete plinth

Insulation

Structural slab

Compressable joint

ScreedLevel resin

Welded cleetSteel angle

Gypsum

01

3250


DPM

Insulation


Level resin


Gypsum



Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

03

9750

DPM

InsulationGypsum

Bespoke green wallcladding panelCold formedsteel stud

Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

Structural beam

Thermal break

Insulation

Ply deck

Weatherproofmembrane

Steel angle

Welded cleet


DPM

Insulation


Compressable joint

Concrete plinth

Insulation

Structural slab

Compressable joint

ScreedLevel resin


Gypsum

01

3250


DPM

Insulation


Level resin


Gypsum



Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

03

9750

DPM

InsulationGypsum


Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

Structural beam

Thermal break

Insulation

Ply deck


Steel angle

Welded cleet


DPM

Insulation


Compressable joint

Concrete plinth

Insulation

Structural slab

Compressable joint

ScreedLevel resin


Gypsum

01

3250


DPM

Insulation


Level resin


Gypsum



Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

03

9750

DPM

InsulationGypsum


Structural beam

Structural slab

Steel deck

Structural beam

Thermal break

Insulation

Ply deck


Steel angle

Welded cleet

Thermal Break Detail1:10

Typical Intermediate Floor Detail1:10

Ground Floor Facade and Plinth Detail1:10

_45

00 0

ED

CB

A

01 3250

02 6500

03 9750

2

A102

Site Elevation

3D Views

_47Renders

graduate portfolio_c_j_stone

Documents