Grade XSocial Studies(Mock Test)

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SOCIAL SCIENCEMOCK TEST

CLASS-X

Time Allowed: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

(i.) The question paper has 28 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(ii.) Marks are indicated against each question.

(iii.) Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer type questions. Each

question carries one mark.

(iv.) Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions

should not exceed 80 words each.

(v.) Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answer of

these questions should not exceed 100 words each.

(vi.) Question numbers 26 and 27 are map questions from History with one mark each.

(vii.) Question number 28 is map question of 3 marks from Geography.

(viii.) For Q. Nos. 26, 27 and 28 (map based questions) one outline political map of India is

provided. After completion the work, attach the map inside your answer book.

(ix.) Questions at Serial Number - 20, 22, 24 and 25 have Internal Choice. Attempt

any one option out of the given in each of these questions.

Questions

1. Which is the first Marathi novel to be written by Baba Padmanji in theyear1857?

2. Who is the Founder of the newspaper 'Kesari'?

3. What is the other name for average income?

4. Which sector is out of government's control?

5. What is the full-form of IUCN?

6. What are the three cropping seasons of India?

7. What is the other name for rural local government?

8. How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during nineteenth centuryin Europe? Analyse.

OR

What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to FrenchRevolution in Europe?

9. “After print revolution, as literacy and schools spread in European countries, there was avirtual reading mania” Explain the statement.

OR

Explain the contribution of Prem Chand in Hindi novels.

10. What is rain water harvesting? Mention the principal objectives of rain water harvesting.

11. Shitij owns a farm in Madhya Pradesh; he wishes to cultivate either Maize or Tea. Heshall cultivate which crop out of these two keeping in the conditions required for theirgrowth?Explain.

12. How can you say that Federal form of government is better than unitary form ofgovernment?

13. “Democratic government is a legitimate government.”Explain.

14. “In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economicinequalities.” Explain by giving examples.

15. “Education is an important tool to empower the nation.”Explain.

16. “Money eliminates the need for double coincidence of wants.” Explain this statement.

17. Which factors have enabled globalisation in India?Explain.

18. “Consumer movements can be effective only with the consumers active involvement.” Give arguments to support this statement.

19. How did the silk route link the world?

OR

What lead to the decline of Indian textile exports in the beginning of nineteenth century?OR

What was the lifestyle of workers of the mid-nineteenth century in London?20. Describe the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in the freedom struggle of India.

ORWhat situations were responsible for launching the Non-Cooperation Khilafat movement?21. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.”Support the statement with examples.22. Roadways have an edge over the railways. Give reasons.

ORToday's world is called 'global village'. Give reasons to support your answer.23. Communalism can take various forms in politics. Elaborate this statement.24. What would have been the situation if there were no political parties?

ORWhat are some of the challenges of political parties?25. Why is the service sector growing so fast?Give reasons.

ORWhat are the merits and demerits of the organised and unorganised sector?26. Locate and label the place in the given outline political map of India:The place where Indian National Congress (INC) held it's first session in December 1885.

27. Locate and label the place in the given outline political map ofIndia: Jallianwala Bagh massacre.28. Locate and label the following features on the given outline political map of India: (a.) Software Technological Park– Mohali in Punjab(b.) Nuclear Power Plant – Narora in UP

Identify the following places marked on the same given outline political map of India andwrite their names : (c.) Iron and Steel centre – Bhillai in Chattisgarh (d.) Oil field – Digboi in Assam

Answers

Ans 1.Yamuna Paryatan Ans 2. Bal Gangadhar TilakAns 3. Per capita income Ans 4. Unorganised sectorAns 5. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural ResourcesAns 6. Rabi, kharif and zaidAns 7. Panchayati Raj

Ans 8. Nationalism required personalizing a nation. Countries were often portrayed as female togive shape to an abstract idea. Often cultural icons such as trees or aspirational values such asliberty and justice needed icons and preferably female figures to get the message across. Thefemale figure became an allegory of the nation.For e.g. under French Revolution, Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair ofweighing scales. Later in France, Marianne emerged as the representation of France. Her featureswere also drawn from the symbol of liberty and the republic. She wore a red cap and the tri-colour.

ORThe major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to FrenchRevolution in Europe is that it led to the transfer of power from monarchy to a body of Frenchcitizens. France developed as a democratic nation state and the ideas of liberty and democraticrights were spread far and wide.

Ans 9. The above mentioned statement can be explained as given below :(i.) The extension of schools and library : During the seventeenth and the eighteenth century a lotof new schools were opened in Europe. Church had also opened schools for the peasants andartisans. As literacy and school spread in the continent, there was a virtual reading mania. Therewas a great demand of books. The publishers began to print books in large number.(ii.) Printing of Journals: In the beginning of eighteenth century, the publication of journals startedin Europe.(iii.) Printing of various types of literature: New forms of literature appeared in print targetingnew readers in Europe. Booksellers employed peddlers, who roamed around villages carryinglittle books for sale. There were almanacs along with ballads and folktales.

ORMunshi Premchand and first started writing in Urdu and later shifted to Hindi. He was aninfluential writer in both the languages. He drew inspiration from the traditional art ofstorytelling, kissa-goi. His narration and storytelling style not only captivated the readers, but thesubjects he chose to write about and the issues he dealt with invited much social response. Forinstance, in his work Seva-Sadan, published in 1916, Premchand wrote about the deplorableconditions of women in the society and he addressed issues like child marriage, poverty and

dowry in his work. These were the evils present in the society at that time and his work drewattention of his readers to these evils. He sensitized his readers towards the issues related towomen and society in general. This work gives us today's readers a peek into the times whenupper class, educated Indians tried to use the colonial governance in eradicating most of thesocial evils of the time.

Ans 10. Rain water harvesting is one of the most effective methods of water management andwater conservation. It is the term used to indicate the collection and storage of rainwater used forhuman,animals and plant needs. It involves collection and storage of rainwater at the surface orin subsurface aquifer,before it is lost as surface run off. The augmented resource can beharvested in the time of:(i.) Inadequacy of surface water.(ii.) To arrest decline in ground water levels.(iii.) To increase agricultural production.

Ans 11. Suitable conditions required for the growth of maize :● Maize usually grows well in the alluvial soil.● Maize is used both as food and fodder.● It is a kharif crop , therefore, require kharif season.● Temperature of 21°Cto27°C.

These are the conditions that are found in Madhya Pradesh. Therefore, Shitij should focus ongrowing maize.

Ans 12. Federal government is better than unitary government because:● The power is not concentrated in only in the centre but it is distributed at the

state or lower levels as well. This helps to avoid conflicts.● Belgium shifted to federalism in 1993 whereas Sri Lanka is still a unitary government.● Tamilians in Sri Lanka want a federal government which may help to resolve the conflicts.

Ans 13. Democratic form of Government is a legitimate government as it is based on people'sc o n s e n t .● It allows for participation of the people in the political process, it is

people's own government. Thus, it is legitimate.● It provides for smooth and legitimate transformation from one government to

another by means of electoral competition.● This way it ensures that no government is elected for life and hence becomes tyrannical.● It allows for peaceful change in the society, by means of elections.● Representatives so elected make laws and policies on behalf of the people.

Ans 14. Democracy isn't very successful in reducing economic inequality and so are other formsof government too. There can be many factors that are prevailing in a country that make itincapable to bring about equitable distribution of wealth. They can be:

● Large population● Unemployment● Unskilled labour● Vicious circle of poverty● Low literacy rates

Ans 15. Following are the points that explain the importance of education:1. To modify human behaviour.2.To make trained and skilled manpower.3. To promote science and technology.4. To provide sound structure for economic growth.

Ans 16. Money solves the problem of double coincidence of wants by acting as a medium ofexchange. Double coincidence of wants implies a situation where two parties agree to sell andbuy each other’s commodities., i.e., what one party desires to sell is exactly what the other partywishes to buy. Money does away with this tedious and complex situation by acting as a mediumof exchange that can be used for one and all commodities. For example, if an ice-cream vendorwants a bicycle but the bicycle manufacturer wants c lothes, and notice-creams, then thevendor can use money to obtain a bicycle. He does need to adhere to the bicycle man’s needsbecause money acts as the common medium of exchange. Similarly,t he b icycle m anufacturer c anthen use the money to buy clothes.

Ans 17. The factors that have enabled globalisation are as given below:1. Technology : in the past 50 years, several improvements in technology have taken

place. For example, in transportation technology, containers are used for thetransportation of goods. This has led to huge reduction in cost and increase in speed inreaching the markets.

2. Information Technology : Telecommunication facilities -telegraph,mobilephones, fax are used to contact one another around the world and to communicate fromremote areas. Internet enables us to send instant electronic mail and talk across the worldat negligible costs. Now a days news magazine published for London readers can bedesigned and printed in Delhi.

3. Liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment policy: removing barriers orrestrictions set by the govt. is liberalisation. Under liberalisation goods can be exported andimported easily. Foreign companies are allowed to set up factories and offices in other countries.Thus, liberalisation has enabled MNC’s to increase their

investments in other countries like India. As a result of greater foreign inves tment an greater foreign trade, there is greater integration of production and markets across countries. Globalisation is this process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.

Ans 18. It is true Consumer movements can be effective only with the consumers activeinvolvement:

1. It would be difficult for a single customer to press charges against a company.2. A group of customers will also find it easier to bargain and also search for

harassed consumers.3. If consumers are actively involved, companies will also be on their guard and

offer better services and products, offering greater value.4. Active participation of customers also leads to transparency,especially by the government

in giving information about its functioning.5. An active participation by consumers gives protection to all involved in manufacturing

chain from workers to consumers.

Ans 19. The silk route is a good example of vibrant pre–modern trade and cultural links betweendistant parts of the world.● The silk route was used by Chinese traders to export silk to other countries.● These routes were used by traders to trade goods and exchange culture from one country

to another.● Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. Early Christian missionaries,

almost certainly travelled through this route to Asia, as did early Muslim preachers a fewcenturies later.

● These routes were also used to spread religions. Buddhism emerged from eastern Indiaand spread in several directions through intersecting points on the silk route.

ORAns: Textile exports declined from beginning of the nineteenth century because:1. Export of British cotton goods increased dramatically in the beginning of the nineteenthcentury.2. The Indian textile manufacturers were unable to compete with the cheap and durable goodsfrom Manchester.3. Cotton weavers in India thus, faced two problems at the same time their export marketcollapsed and the local market shrank.4. By decade of 1860, weavers faced an additional problem. They could not get sufficient supplyof good quality raw cotton. During the time of American civil war as well Britain turned to Indiato meet the needs of its industries for raw cotton.

5. As the raw cotton export from India increased the price of the raw cotton increased and weavers in Indiawere forced to buy cotton at the increased price. They had no option but to migrate to places and switchtheir occupation.

6. By the end of the nineteenth century factories set up in India. These too started flooding the market withmachine-made goods. These factors contributed to the decline in Indian weaving industries.

Ans 20. The Civil Disobedience Movement was significant in the following ways :• People were expected to not only refuse cooperation with the British (as they had done in 1921-22),but also

break the colonial laws.• Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front

of government salt factories.• As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed.• Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes and village officials resigned.• In many places, forest people violated forest laws by going into reserved forests to collect wood and graze

cattle.• It was a movement that unified the whole nation in one way or the other.

ORa. The caliph of Turkey was the temporal and spiritual leader of the Muslims all over the World.During the I world War the British had promised the the caliph would not be deprived of hispowers and that the Turkey would not be partitioned. But after the war, the caliph was deprivedof his powers.b. The Khilafat Movement was launched as a measure of protest by the Muslims against thetreatment meted out to Ottoman Turkey by the imperial powers.c. The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the powers of thecaliph Muslim leaders Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were at the forefront of this operationalong with Gandhiji.d. The first world war lead to huge increase in defense expenditure and increased taxes. Forcedrecruitment caused widespread anger. Famine and epidemic badly affected people. This outragedthe people.e. In 1919 the Imperial Legislative council hurriedly passed the Rowlatt Act,despite of mass andunited opposition of Indian members. The law gave the govt enormous power to repress politicalactivities and allow detention of people without trial in the court.f. Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Khilafat issue collectively united the country to opposethe colonial powers and not to cooperate with the British ultimately leading to the non-cooperation movement by Gandhiji who felt the need of organising a broad movementincorporating all sections of Indian society

j. The main objective was to cripple the British administration and make them realize that theycannot function without the actual support.k. The Congress gave a call for Swaraj at its Nagpur session Congress had now changed itscharacter. It became an organizer of masses giving active role to the people of the country. Thedecision to defy the government , to not to cooperate with government was endorsed in theNagpurSessionof1920.

Ans 21. Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of development in general andeconomic development in particular mainly because of the following reasons :

• Manufacturing sector help in modernizing agriculture which is considered as backbone of oureconomy. It also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providingthem jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.• Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty fromour country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sectorventures in India.• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreignexchange.• Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of highervalue are prosperous.• Hence,India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries at a fasterphase. It can also be said that economic strength of a country is measured by the development ofmanufacturing industries.

Ans 22. Roadways have an edge over the railways in view of the ease with which they can bebuilt and maintained. The growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rootedin the following reasons:

• Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.• Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.• Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.• Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.• It also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.

• Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a linkbetween railway stations, air and sea ports.

ORAns. Today's world is called 'global village' because :• Efficient and fast means of transport• Development of telecommunication and satellite• Communication and transportation have reduced time and distance• Brought the world closer and physical distance have become meaningless For e.g. tradingfrom local levels have been extended to the international level, and financial transactions cantake place round the world in no time. All this has been possible only because of efficient andquick means of transport and communication.

Ans 23. Communalism is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of socialcommunity. All the followers of one religion belong to one community and their basic interestsare the same. It is interpreted negatively when a group following a particular religion sees itsinterest as mutually hostile and antagonistic with that of another religious group.

a. Religious differences have rather have become a source of conflict and tension in a society ,when represented by political parties it may allow minority religious groups to ventilate theirgrievances and voice their dissent but Political parties often tend to exploit issues based onreligion for narrow political gains to be used as vote bank during elections. It can take variousforms in politics:b. The common form of communalism practiced everyday is based on certain customarilybeliefs, religious prejudices, stereotypes of religions communities, belief of supremacy of onereligion over the other religions. This belief of superiority of one religion becomes the root causeof conflict in the society threatening the secular edifice of a country.c. Political Parties have used religious preaching, sacred symbols to divide the people, The bestexample is that of Rath Yatrain 1992 for Construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya which wasintended to mobilize a particular community against another.d. We may give example of communal clashes between Hindus and Muslims from time to timeare more politically motivated where political parties have pitted one group against another forelectoral gains.

Ans 24. The main functions of a political party are as follows :

(i.) To contest elections- In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidatesput up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In India, top partyleaders choose candidates for contesting elections,(ii.) Forming policies and programmes- Parties put forward different policies and programmesand the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on whatpolicies are suitable for the society.(iii.) Making laws- When parties come to power, they make laws for the country. Formally, lawsare debated and passed in the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions ofparty leaders, irrespective of their personal opinions.(iv.) Parties form and run governments- Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make themministers to run the government in the way they want.(v.) Role of opposition- Parties that lose in elections, play the role of opposition to the parties inpower by criticizing the government for its failures or wrong policies.(vi.) Shaping public opinion- They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members andactivists spread all over country. Many of the pressure groups are the extension of politicalparties among different sections of society. Parties, sometimes also launch movements for theresolution of problems faced by people.(vii.) Access to government machinery and welfare schemes- For an ordinary citizen, it is easy toapproach a local party leader than a government officer. That is why they feel close to partieseven when they do not fully trust them. Parties have to be responsive to people's needs anddemands.

ORAns. Some of the challenges which the political parties face are as follows:• Lack of Internal Democracy- In most of the political parties, the power is concentrated in thehands of one or a handful of leaders. Ordinary members of the party cannot even dream of risingto the top. The top leadership is often disconnected with the grassroots workers. Loyalty to thepolicies and principles of the party has less value than the loyalty to the top leadership.• Dynastic Succession- The top positions in many political parties are usually controlled bymembers of one family. A person born in a particular family becomes the leader by virtue of hisbirth; which is not the sign of a healthy democracy. This tendency is present in most of thepolitical parties in India. This is not the case in India alone, but in many other countries as well.• Money and Muscle Power- Winning an election is the ultimate challenge for a political party.For this, a political party leaves no stone unturned and spends huge sum of money

on electioneering. Parties often take help of criminals and goons to terrorise the voters andpolling officers.• Being a Meaningful Choice- Most of the political parties sound similar to one another. Veryfew political parties give any real alternative. People have no choice than choosing the better ofthe two evils. In some states, the party in power just changes every five year but people seldomexperience change on the ground.

Ans 25. In recent times the service sector is increasing at a very fast pace. After the liberalizationin the year 1991, the contribution of service sector is continuously increasing in the growth ofour economy. However, agriculture is still dominating the Indian economy. Service sector aregrowing not only in volume but also in sophistication and complexity. The growth of serviceindustry is the result of combination of several reasons, they are,i)Increasing affluence (wealth) - Here with the increasing affluence, there has been an increase in the demand for those services, which the customers used to perform by themselves. For example, service provided by the gardener, servants, car driver etc. ii)More leisure(free time) time - This factor has lead to an increase in those services which are related to entertainment, because of increase in leisure time in today's people life. For example tourism industry has grown because of more leisure time available to the people.iii)Increasing number of new products - There are certain products which, if invented will lead togrowth in the service sector .computer being the invention of the 21st century has lead tosoftware industry which is totally a sieve industry.

OROrganized sector is the formal sector carrying out production or sale of goods and services. The

sector is generally characterized with labour laws, labour unions,minimum

wages act and safe working conditions. Strength of workers is more and profits are huge.

Merits: Workers are safer and better paid than workers in informal sector. There are labour lawsand regulation for working which don't let them get exploited. Profits are significant and motivates enterprises to maintain the quality of work. Being organized, the enterprises are introducedto new technology and government's support. Accounts are well maintained and submitted.Demerits :Organized sector is good for an economy but the enterprises have to work under manyregulations and limitations. The sector faces frequent strikes and lock ups

from laborers side. Government enterprise are characterized by inefficiency andmismanagement.

Unorganized sector on the other hand,are in contrast of organized sector. The sector has noprotection for workers and there is no allowance of labor unions and no regulations on wagesand working hours. Labor is exploited in the sector. Officially, unorganized sector enterprise isthat private enterprise which has less than 10 workers.Merits: Unorganized sector is not a good characteristic for any economy. Most of the developedeconomies have organized sector .But,in India the sector comprises of 93% of laborers andcontributes around 60% in the NDP. India has a big agricultural sector and most of it isunorganized but contributes significantly in the growth of economy. Beedis, cigars, crackers andmany more industries fall under unorganized sector. The sector, if regulated and managed wellcan speed up India's growth pace.Demerits: There is no legal hearing for workers. No laws regulating working hours. Thereforelabor gets exploited. Working conditions in this sector are very unsafe and unhygienic. Manualwork in Glass factories and cracker factories is hazardous and generally costs life of workers.Unorganized sector is hindrance in the way of growth.

Ans 26. Bombay (present day Mumbai) in Maharashtra

Ans 27. Amritsar in Punjab

Ans 28.(a.) Software Technological Park – Mohali in Punjab (b.) Nuclear Power Plant – Narora in UP(c.) Iron and Steel centre – Bhillai in Chattisgarh (d.) Oil field – Digboi in Assam