grade 8 e.d’alessandro means “big house” one of the largest prehistoric structures in north...
TRANSCRIPT
Means “Big House” One of the largest prehistoric
structures in North American Located in central Arizona
between the Gila and Santa Cruz rivers in a flat plain
Ruins consist of a compound wall surrounding structures
Village appeared around 900 A.D. and abandoned around 1450 A.D.
Inhabited by the Hohokam
Casa Grande
Purpose is unknown but suspected to have been a dwelling, storehouse, or astronomical observatory
Structures are made of Caliche A mix of sand, clay, and limestone Ruins took 3,000 tons of Caliche Walls four feet thick at base and taper up Timber helps support the walls, ceilings, and
floors Largest structure is four stories with eleven
rooms Had wide scale and extensive public irrigation
canals Walls face the four cardinal points on a compass Circular hole in the west wall aligns with the
setting sun of a summer solstice More holes coordinate with the sun and moon
during specific times These help in knowing the planting, harvest,
and celebration times
Casa Grande Structures
Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino first to write about the ruins in 1694 Called it Big House
Also visited by Lt. Col. Juan Bautista de Anza and Brig. Gen. Stephen Watts
In the 1880’s a railroad was built near the ruins Brought a lot of visitors
Began to get damaged by souvenir hunters, graffiti, and vandalism
In 1892 became the first prehistoric and culture reserve in the United States
In 1918 became a national monument
Ruins are protected by roofs of iron and redwood timber placed over them
History of Discovery
Prehistoric people who migrated to Arizona from Mexico living from around 1-1450 A.D.
Were farmers Grew corn, beans, squash, agave, and cotton
Hunted deer, rabbit, and quail Harvested shellfish and fish from their canals Had no writing system Believed to have community leaders Made pottery, jewelry, stone tools, wove cotton textiles, and made
petroglyphs on rocks Known for shell jewelry Shells sometimes came from far away places like the Pacific Ocean and
the Gulf of California
The Inhabitants: Hohokams
• It is not known what happened to the Hohokam
• Some theories:• Migrated back to Mexico after a
long drought• Evolved culturally into other
tribes
• Consisted of different ethnic groups that lived under the same culture, economic, and political system and when the system broke apart the different groups went their separate ways
• After the disappearance of the Hohokam Casa Grande was never inhabited again
From Living Into Ruins