Observation- ability to use our five sense organs: ears, eyes, nose, tongueClassification- to group things together based on observable characteristics such as size, shape, color, texture, movement, sounds, and others.Variables- factors that can affect or can cause changes observed in an experiment.Three kinds of variables:a. Tested or manipulated variables- factors that are differ in an experimental setupb. Controlled variables- factors that are the same in experimental setup c. Responding variables- factors that influence the result of the experiment International System of Metric units or SI- the modern form of metric system.Temperature- refers to how hot or cold a body is.Degrees-where temperature is measuredScientific Process1. Identify the problemIt states the question to be answered.2. Form a hypothesisHypothesis is the proposed solution to a problem.3. Test the hypothesisIt is the procedure part of an experiment which involves the use of materials and equipment.4. Statement of conclusionConclusion is an answer or solution based on observations.5. Report the results.It is the part where the scientists publish their findings or the result of their experiment.

Laboratory Tools and MaterialsContainers1. Test tube- a thin, slender glass tube used to contain small amount of liquids or chemicals and can be heated on fire.2. Beaker- similar to drinking glass.3. Florence flask- long-necked thin glass vessel with round body. It is used as a container of liquids and chemicals.4. Erlenmeyer flask- a thin long-necked glass with triangular-shaped body at the bottom.Measurement1. Graduated cylinder- it is used to find volume of irregular solids and liquids.2. Thermometer- used to measure temperature.3. Spring balance- measures the weight of small and light solids.4. Ruler- measures length5. Watch- measures time

Other Laboratory Tools1. Test tube holder- tool used to hold the test tube while heating 2. Magnifying lens- used to make tiny objects appear bigger. 3. Microscope- used for magnifying small objects and even very tiny organisms.4. Funnel- used when we are pouring liquids or fine objects to a small-mouthed container.5. Alcohol burner- used for heating materials.6. Tuning fork- metal rod with Y-shaped end. Used for observing vibrations.