Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution – Jeopardy 2

More Darwin Speciation More Evolution Evidence

Mechanisms of Evolution

Selection

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Darwin did not use this term because he believed it always

implied progress

What is Evolution?

Darwin observed these types of morphological structures that have similar elements

and ancestral origin BUT may differ in function

What areHomologous Structures?

There are five key observations that provide the

logic and mechanisms for evolution. One inference

states that traits are inherited that give individuals this.

What is “a better chance of surviving

and successfully reproducion?”

The key to Natural Selection lies in its ability to favour this.

What is Reproductive Success?

After his five year voyage on the HMS Beagle and collecting over 1,000

specimens, Darwin concluded this about traits

What is “…individuals exhibiting most

favourable traits survive in greater numbers AND these

traits are passed to their offspring?

This type of speciation occurs in populations in the

same geographical areas diverge and become

reproductively isolated

What is Sympatic Speciation?

It is the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently

adapted species

What is Adaptive Radiation?

Speciation is based on the disruption of this within a

population

What is “gene flow?”

A geographic barrier splits a population into two separate

groups.

What isAllopatric Speciation?

A pattern of evolution in which species that were

once similar to an ancestral species diverge OR become

increasingly distinct

What is Divergent Evolution?

The number of digits in the lower limb of a bat

What is five?

The number of digits is similar to humans, frogs and horses. They look similar in structure, but they may be

different in function

In populations, it is the number of offspring produced

What is “…more than the number of

adults?”

Over long periods of geological time, it is what

continents do

What is Drift (move)?

A fossil that shows the intermediary links between

groups of organisms

What are Transitional Fossils?

Approximate date of the appearance of hominids in

the fossil record

What is 7 million years ago?

This has nothing to do with age. Rather, it relates to

reproductive success AND the contribution an individual

makes to the gene pool

What is Fitness?

A feature that makes an individual more likely to survive in environmental

conditions

What is an Adaptation?

Complete set of alleles contained within a species of

a population

What is the Gene Pool?

Evolution of similar traits in distantly related species

What is Convergent Evolution?

The process in which one species evolves in

response to the evolution of another species

What is Co-evolution?

In this selection type, there are two types of seeds for a population of birds to

consume. Two different beak shapes -- sharp or blunt -- might be selected for (i.e., both beak shapes effectively allow the birds to feed). However, a beak that is the average

of the two shapes might not be particularly good at eating either

seed, so this trait would be selected

against.

What is Disruptive Selection?

Selection that works against the two extremes of a trait to make the

population more uniform (i.e., favours an intermediate phenotype). For example, birth weight of human

babies is maintained at an intermediate weight because babies

that are too big or too small have less chance of being born healthy.

What is Stabilizing Selection?

This type of section, common during periods of

environmental change, selects the extreme of one

trait. For example in a population of plants,

flowers with the brightest colour might be selected

for to attract the more pollinators.

What is Directional Selection?

Also called diversifying selection, this selection

favours the extreme phenotypes over an

intermediate phenotype

What is Disruptive Selection?

Natural selection in the mating breed, in general, on competition between

males and choices of females

What is Sexual Selection?