gr160325 duterte vs kingswood

8/9/2019 Gr160325 Duterte vs Kingswood

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FIRST DIVISION

ROQUE S. DUTERTE,

Petitioner,

- versus -

KINGSWOOD TRADING CO., INC., FIE!ON I! "n# NATIONA A$OR REATIONS

CO!!ISSION,

Res%on#ents.

G.R. No. &'()*+

Present

PUNO, C.., C"ir%erson,

SANDOVA-GUTIERRE/,

CORONA,

A/CUNA, "n#

GARCIA, .

Pro0u12"te#

O3to4er 5, *((6

7------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

D E C I S I O N

GARCIA, .

$8 tis %etition 9or revie: on 3ertior"ri, %etitioner Ro;ue S. Duterte see<s te revie: "n#

settin2 "si#e o9 te #e3ision=&> #"te# une *(, *(() o9 te Court o9 A%%e"1s ?CA@ in CA-G.R. SP

No. 6&6*, "s reiter"te# in its reso1ution=*> o9 O3to4er +, *((), "99ir0in2 "n e"r1ier reso1ution=)>

o9 te N"tion"1 "4or Re1"tions Co00ission ?NRC@ :i3 ru1e# t"t %etitioner :"s not i11e2"118

#is0isse# 9ro0 e0%1o80ent #ue to #ise"se un#er Arti31e *B5 o9 te "4or Co#e.

Te 9"3ts



In Se%te04er &), %etitioner :"s ire# "s tru3<tr"i1er #river 48 res%on#ent Kin2s:oo#

Tr"#in2 Co0%"n8, In3. ?KTC@ o9 :i3 3o-res%on#ent Fi1e0on i0 is te Presi#ent. Petitioner

:"s on te '(( ".0. – '(( %.0. si9t. e "ver"2e# *& tri%s %er 0ont, 2ettin2 P6(( %er tri%.

Wen not #rivin2, %etitioner :"s "ssi2ne# to 31e"n "n# 0"int"in res%on#ent KTC’s e;ui%0ent"n# vei31es 9or :i3 e :"s %"i# P&*+ %er #"8. Re2u1"r18, %etitioner :ou1# 4e se3on#e# 48

res%on#ent Fi1e0on i0 to #rive 9or one o9 KTC’s 31ients, te Pi1i%%ine N"tion"1 Oi1

Cor%or"tion, 4ut "1:"8s su4e3t to res%on#ents’ 3onvenien3e.

On Nove04er B, &B, %etitioner "# is 9irst e"rt "tt"3< "n# :"s 3on9ine# 9or t:o :ee<s

"t te Pi1i%%ine e"rt Center ?PC@. Tis :"s 3on9ir0e# 48 res%on#ent KTC :i3 "#0itte# t"t

%etitioner :"s #e31"re# on si3< 1e"ve :it 3orres%on#in2 noti9i3"tion.

A 0ont 1"ter, %etitioner returne# to :or< "r0e# :it " 0e#i3"1 3erti9i3"te si2ne# 48 is

"tten#in2 %8si3i"n "t te PC, "ttestin2 to %etitioner ’s 9itness to :or<. o:ever, s"i# 3erti9i3"te

:"s not onore# 48 te res%on#ents :o re9use# to "11o: %etitioner to :or<.

In Fe4ru"r8 &, %etitioner su99ere# " se3on# e"rt "tt"3< "n# :"s "2"in 3on9ine# "t te

PC. U%on re1e"se, e st"8e# o0e "n# s%ent ti0e to re3u%er"te.

In une &, %etitioner "tte0%te# to re%ort 4"3< to :or< 4ut :"s to1# to 1oo< 9or "noter

o4 4e3"use e :"s un9it. Res%on#ents re9use# to #e31"re %etitioner 9it to :or< un1ess %8si3"118

e7"0ine# 48 te 3o0%"n8 %8si3i"n. Res%on#ents’ %ro0ise to %"8 %etitioner is se%"r"tion %"8

turne# out to 4e "n e0%t8 one. Inste"#, %etitioner :"s %resente#, 9or is si2n"ture, " #o3u0ent "s %roo9 o9 is re3ei%t o9 te "0ount o9 P&5,)6+.(( "s 9irst inst"110ent o9 is So3i"1 Se3urit8 S8ste0

?SSS@ 4ene9its. "vin2 re3eive# no su3 "0ount, %etitioner re9use# to "99i7 is si2n"ture tereon

"n# inste"# re;ueste# 9or te ne3ess"r8 #o3u0ents 9ro0 res%on#ents to en"41e i0 to 31"i0 is

SSS 4ene9its, 4ut te 1"tter #i# not ee# is re;uest.

On Nove04er &&, &, %etitioner 9i1e# "2"inst is e0%1o8er " 3o0%1"int 9or i11e2"1

#is0iss"1 "n# #"0"2es.

In " #e3ision=5> #"te# Se%te04er *', *(((, te 1"4or "r4iter 9oun# 9or te %etitioner.

o:ever, :i1e 3"te2ori3"118 #e31"rin2 t"t %etitioner ’s #is0iss"1 :"s i11e2"1, te 1"4or "r4iter,

inste"# o9 "%%18in2 Arti31e *6=+> o9 te "4or Co#e on i11e2"1 #is0iss"1s, "%%1ie# Arti31e *B5 on

Dise"se "s 2roun# 9or ter0in"tion on te r"tion"1e t"t sin3e te res%on#ents "#0itte# t"t

%etitioner 3ou1# not 4e "11o:e# 4"3< to :or< 4e3"use o9 te 1"tter ’s #ise"se, te 3"se 9e11 :itin

te "04it o9 Arti31e *B5. We ;uote te 9"11o o9 te 1"4or "r4iter ’s #e3ision

WEREFORE, in te 1i2t o9 te 9ore2oin2, u#20ent is ere48 ren#ere# #e31"rin2 3o0%1"in"nt

to "ve 4een ter0in"te# 9ro0 e0%1o80ent on te 2roun# t"t e "s 4een su99erin2 9ro0 "

#ise"se.

Res%on#ents "re ere48 #ire3te# to %"8 3o0%1"in"nt "s 9o11o:s



Neiter 3"n it 4e 2"ins"i# t"t Arti31e *B5 o9 te "4or Co#e "%%1ies in te inst"nt 3"se sin3e

te 3o0%1"in"nt =%etitioner> 9"i1e# to est"41is t"t e is su99erin2 9ro0 " #ise"se "n# is 3ontinue#

e0%1o80ent is %roi4ite# 48 1": or %reu#i3i"1 to is e"1t or to te e"1t o9 is 3o-e0%1o8ees

nor :"s e "41e to %rove t"t is i11ness is o9 su3 n"ture or "t su3 st"2e t"t it 3"nnot 4e 3ure#:itin " %erio# o9 si7 0onts even :it %ro%er tre"t0ent.=B>

In or#er 9or te 3o0%1"in"nt to 4e 3overe# 48 Arti31e *B5 o9 te "4or Co#e, e 0ust 9irst

%resent " 3erti9i3"tion 48 " 3o0%etent %u41i3 e"1t "utorit8 t"t is 3ontinue# e0%1o80ent :i11

resu1t in te "9ores"i# 3onse;uen3es, 4ut un9ortun"te18 9or te 3o0%1"in"nt, :e 9in# none in te

inst"nt 3"se. For te res%on#ents to re;uire te 3o0%1"in"nt to su40it " 0e#i3"1 3erti9i3"te

so:in2 t"t e is "1re"#8 %8si3"118 9it "s " 3on#ition o9 is 3ontinue# e0%1o80ent un#er te

%rev"i1in2 3ir3u0st"n3e 3"nnot 4e 3onsi#ere# "s neiter "rs nor o%%ressive. 777

Pres3in#in2 9ro0 te "4ove, tere is no i11e2"1 #is0iss"1 to s%e"< o9. Tis 9in#in2 is 9urter

stren2tene# 48 te 9"3t t"t no ter0in"tion 1etter or 9or0"1 noti3e o9 #is0iss"1 :"s "##u3e# to

%rove t"t 3o0%1"in"nt’s servi3es "ve 4een ter0in"te#. Consi#erin2 t"t no i11e2"1 #is0iss"1

too< %1"3e, te 3o0%1"in"nt’s 31"i0 t"t is ri2t to #ue %ro3ess o9 1": "# 4een vio1"te# 9in#s

no "%%1i3"tion to te 3"se "t 4"r. ?E0%"sis "##e#@.

Te Court #is"2rees :it te NRC "n# CA.

Arti31e *B5 o9 te "4or Co#e e7%1i3it18 %rovi#es

Art. *B5. DISEASE AS GROUND FOR TER!INATION. -- An e0%1o8er 0"8 ter0in"te

te servi3es o9 "n e0%1o8ee :o "s 4een 9oun# to 4e su99erin2 9ro0 "n8 #ise"se "n# :ose

3ontinue# e0%1o80ent is %roi4ite# 48 1": or is %reu#i3i"1 to is e"1t "s :e11 "s to te e"1t

o9 is 3o-e0%1o8ees Provi#e#, T"t e is %"i# se%"r"tion %"8 e;uiv"1ent to "t 1e"st one ?&@ 0ont

s"1"r8 or to one-"19 ?&*@ 0ont s"1"r8 9or ever8 8e"r o9 servi3e, :i3ever is 2re"ter, " 9r"3tion

o9 "t 1e"st si7 ?'@ 0onts 4ein2 3onsi#ere# "s one ?&@ :o1e 8e"r.

Coro11"ri18, in or#er to v"1i#18 ter0in"te e0%1o80ent on te 4"sis o9 #ise"se, $oo< VI, Ru1e I,

Se3tion B o9 te O0ni4us I0%1e0entin2 Ru1es o9 te "4or Co#e re;uires

Dise"se "s " 2roun# 9or #is0iss"1. -- Were te e0%1o8ee su99ers 9ro0 " #ise"se "n# is

3ontinue# e0%1o80ent is %roi4ite# 48 1": or %reu#i3i"1 to is e"1t or to te e"1t o9 is 3o-

e0%1o8ees, te e0%1o8er s"11 not ter0in"te is e0%1o80ent un1ess tere is " 3erti9i3"tion 48 "

3o0%etent %u41i3 e"1t "utorit8 t"t te #ise"se is o9 su3 n"ture or "t su3 " st"2e t"t it 3"nnot

4e 3ure# :itin " %erio# o9 si7 ?'@ 0onts even :it %ro%er 0e#i3"1 tre"t0ent. I9 te #ise"se or

"i10ent 3"n 4e 3ure# :itin te %erio#, te e0%1o8er s"11 not ter0in"te te e0%1o8ee 4ut s"11

"s< te e0%1o8ee to t"<e " 1e"ve. Te e0%1o8er s"11 reinst"te su3 e0%1o8ee to is 9or0er %osition i00e#i"te18 u%on te restor"tion o9 is nor0"1 e"1t. ?$oo< VI, Ru1e &, Se3. B o9 te



I0%1e0entin2 Ru1es@

In " ver8 re"1 sense, 4ot te NRC "n# te "%%e11"te 3ourt %1"3e# on te %etitioner te

4ur#en o9 est"41isin2, 48 " 3erti9i3"tion o9 " 3o0%etent %u41i3 "utorit8, t"t is "i10ent is su3t"t it 3"nnot 4e 3ure# :itin " %erio# o9 si7 0onts even :it %ro%er 0e#i3"1 tre"t0ent. An#

%ursuin2 teir 1o2i3, %etitioner 3ou1# not 31"i0 "vin2 4een i11e2"118 #is0isse# #ue to #ise"se,

9"i1in2, "s e #i#, to %resent su3 3erti9i3"tion.

To 4e sure, te NRC’s "4ove %osture is, to s"8 te 1e"st, :itout 4"sis in 1": "n#

uris%ru#en3e. An# :en te CA "99ir0e# te NRC, te "%%e11"te 3ourt in e99e3t %1"3e# on te

%etitioner te onus o9 %rovin2 is entit1e0ent to se%"r"tion %"8 "n# tere48 v"1i#"te# erein

res%on#ents’ "3t o9 #is0issin2 i0 9ro0 e0%1o80ent even :itout %roo9 o9 e7isten3e o9 " 1e2"1

2roun# 9or #is0iss"1.

Te 1": is une;uivo3"1 te e0%1o8er, 4e9ore it 3"n 1e2"118 #is0iss its e0%1o8ee on te

2roun# o9 #ise"se, 0ust "##u3e " 3erti9i3"tion 9ro0 " 3o0%etent %u41i3 "utorit8 t"t te #ise"se

o9 :i3 its e0%1o8ee is su99erin2 is o9 su3 n"ture or "t su3 " st"2e t"t it 3"nnot 4e 3ure# :itin

" %erio# o9 si7 0onts even :it %ro%er tre"t0ent.

ere, te re3or# #oes not 3ont"in te re;uire# 3erti9i3"tion. An# :en te res%on#ents "s<e#

te %etitioner to 1oo< 9or "noter o4 4e3"use e :"s un9it to :or<, su3 uni1"ter"1 #e31"r"tion,

even i9 4"3<e# u% 48 te 9in#in2s o9 its 3o0%"n8 #o3tors, #i# not 0eet te ;u"ntu0 re;uire0ent

0"n#"te# 48 te 1":, i.e., tere 0ust 4e " 3erti9i3"tion 48 " 3o0%etent %u41i3 "utorit8.=>

For sure, te %osture t"<en 48 4ot te NRC "n# te CA is in3onsistent :it tis Court’s

%ronoun3e0ent in T"n v. N"tion"1 "4or Re1"tions Co00ission,=&(> tus

Consistent :it te "4or Co#e st"te %o1i38 o9 "99or#in2 %rote3tion to 1"4or "n# o9 1i4er"1

3onstru3tion o9 1"4or 1":s in 9"vor o9 te :or<in2 31"ss, Se3. B, Ru1e &, $oo< VI, o9 te O0ni4us

Ru1es I0%1e0entin2 te "4or Co#e %rovi#es– Were te e0%1o8ee su99ers 9ro0 " #ise"se "n#

is 3ontinue# e0%1o80ent is %roi4ite# 48 1": or %reu#i3i"1 to is e"1t or to te e"1t o9 is

3o-e0%1o8ees, te e0%1o8er s"11 not ter0in"te is e0%1o80ent, un1ess tere is " 3erti9i3"tion 48 "

3o0%etent %u41i3 "utorit8 t"t te #ise"se is o9 su3 n"ture or "t su3 " st"2e, t"t it 3"nnot 4e

3ure# :itin " %erio# o9 si7 ?'@ 0onts even :it %ro%er 0e#i3"1 tre"t0ent.. Tere is "4so1ute18

notin2 on re3or# to so: t"t su3 " 3erti9i3"tion :"s ever o4t"ine# 48 =te e0%1o8er> 0u3 1ess

t"t one :"s issue# 48 " 3o0%etent %u41i3 "utorit8 …=o>n te 3ontr"r8, :"t "%%e"rs on re3or# is

" !e#i3"1 Certi9i3"te #"te# !"8 +, & issue# 48 Dr. enit" C. #e C"stro 3erti98in2 to te

3ontr"r8, i.e., t"t =te e0%1o8ee> :"s in 9"3t "1re"#8 9it to return to :or<. o:ever, =te

e0%1o8er> #i# not "33e%t te 3erti9i3"te "n# insiste# t"t =te e0%1o8ee> %resent one issue# 48 "

2overn0ent %8si3i"n. For is 9"i1ure to %resent su3 " 3erti9i3"te, =te e0%1o8ee> :"s %en"1iHe#

:it #is0iss"1. O4vious18, te 3on#ition i0%ose# 48 =te e0%1o8er> 9in#s no 4"sis un#er te 1":.

To reiter"te, 3ontr"r8 to =te e0%1o8er ’

s> insisten3e t"t =te e0%1o8ee> 9irst o4t"in " 0e#i3"13erti9i3"te "ttestin2 t"t e :"s "1re"#8 3ure# o9 %u10on"r8 tu4er3u1osis, te "4ove;uote# Se3. ,



#i1i2en3e 0ust 4e e7er3ise# to %revent %reu#i3e to te %u41i3, :i3 usti9ie# res%on#ents in

re9usin2 :or< to %etitioner. Petitioner 3ou1# "ve 4een "#0itte# 4"3< to :or< %er9or0in2 oter

t"s<s, su3 "s 31e"nin2 "n# 0"int"inin2 res%on#ent 3o0%"n8’s 0"3ine "n# tr"ns%ort"tion

"ssets.

As " 9in"1 3onsi#er"tion, te Court notes t"t te NRC, "s sust"ine# 48 te CA, 3onsi#ere#

te %etitioner "s " 9ie1# :or<er "n#, on t"t 4"sis, #enie# is 31"i0 9or 4ene9its un#er Arti31es

5=&)> to +=&5> o9 te "4or Co#e, su3 "s o1i#"8 %"8 "n# servi3e in3entive 1e"ve %"8. Arti31e

B* o9 te Co#e 1ists %ersonne1 :o "re not entit1e# to te 4ene9its "9ore0entione#.=&+> A0on2 te

e731u#e# 2rou% "re“9ie1# %ersonne1,” re9errin2 to non-"2ri3u1tur"1 e0%1o8ees :o re2u1"r18

%er9or0 teir #uties ":"8 9ro0 te %rin3i%"1 %1"3e o9 4usiness or 4r"n3 o99i3e o9 te e0%1o8er

"n# :ose "3tu"1 ours o9 :or< in te 9ie1# 3"nnot 4e #eter0ine# :it re"son"41e 3ert"int8. As "

2ener"1 %ro%osition, 9ie1# %ersonne1 "re tose :ose o4servi3e "re not or 3"nnot 4e e99e3tive18

0onitore# 48 te e0%1o8er or is re%resent"tive, teir :or<%1"3e 4ein2 ":"8 9ro0 te

%rin3i%"1 o99i3e "n# :ose ours "n# #"8s o9 :or< 3"nnot 4e #eter0ine# :it re"son"41e

3ert"int8. Fie1# %ersonne1 "re %"i# s%e3i9i3 "0ount 9or ren#erin2 s%e3i9i3 servi3e or %er9or0in2

s%e3i9i3 :or<.

I9 re;uire# to 4e "t s%e3i9i3 %1"3es "t s%e3i9i3 ti0es, e0%1o8ees, in31u#in2 #rivers, 3"nnot 4e

s"i# to 4e 9ie1# %ersonne1 #es%ite te 9"3t t"t te8 "re %er9or0in2 :or< ":"8 9ro0 te %rin3i%"1

o99i3e o9 te e0%1o8er. Tus, to #eter0ine :eter "n e0%1o8ee is " 9ie1# e0%1o8ee, it is "1so

ne3ess"r8 to "s3ert"in i9 "3tu"1 ours o9 :or< in te 9ie1# 3"n 4e #eter0ine# :it re"son"41e

3ert"int8 48 te e0%1o8er. In so #oin2, "n in;uir8 0ust 4e 0"#e "s to :eter or not te

e0%1o8ee’s ti0e "n# %er9or0"n3e "re 3onst"nt18 su%ervise# 48 te e0%1o8er.=&'> Gui#e# 48 te 9ore2oin2 nor0s, %etitioner :"s #e9inite18 " re2u1"r e0%1o8ee o9 res%on#ent

3o0%"n8 "n# not its 9ie1# %ersonne1, "s te ter0 is use# in te "4or Co#e. As it :ere, e :"s

4"se# "t te %rin3i%"1 o99i3e o9 te res%on#ent 3o0%"n8. is "3tu"1 :or< ours, i.e., 9ro0 '((

".0. to '(( %.0., :ere "s3ert"in"41e :it re"son"41e 3ert"int8. e "ver"2e# *& tri%s %er

0ont. An# i9 not #rivin2 9or te 3o0%"n8, e :"s %"i# P&*+.(( %er #"8 9or 31e"nin2 "n#

0"int"inin2 KTC’s e;ui%0ent. Not 9"11in2 un#er te 3"te2or8 o9 9ie1# %ersonne1, %etitioner is

3onse;uent18 entit1e# to 4ot o1i#"8 %"8 "n# servi3e in3entive 1e"ve %"8, "s 0"n#"te# 48 Arti31es

5 "n# + o9 te "4or Co#e.

A11 to1#, :e ru1e "n# so o1# t"t %etitioner ’s #is0iss"1 #i# not 3o0%18 :it 4ot te

su4st"ntive "n# %ro3e#ur"1 "s%e3ts o9 #ue %ro3ess. C1e"r18, is #is0iss"1 is t"inte# :it

inv"1i#it8.=&6>

WEREFORE, te "ss"i1e# #e3ision o9 te CA in CA-G.R. SP No. 6&6* is REVERSED

"n# SET ASIDE. Res%on#ents "re #e31"re# 2ui1t8 o9 i11e2"1 #is0iss"1 "n# "re or#ere# to %"8

%etitioner se%"r"tion %"8 e;uiv"1ent to one ?&@ 0ont %"8 9or ever8 8e"r o9 servi3e, in 1ieu

o9 is reinst"te0ent, %1us is 9u11 4"3<:"2es 9ro0 te ti0e is e0%1o80ent :"s ter0in"te# u% to

te ti0e tis De3ision 4e3o0es 9in"1. For tis %ur%ose, 1et tis 3"se 4e RE!ANDED to te 1"4or

"r4iter 9or te 3o0%ut"tion o9 %etitioner ’

s se%"r"tion %"8, 4"3<:"2es "n# oter 0onet"r8 ":"r#s#ue i0.



Costs "2"inst res%on#ents.

SO ORDERED.

CANCIO C. GARCIA

Asso3i"te usti3e

WE CONCUR

RENATO S. PUNO

Cie9 usti3e

C"ir%erson

ANGEINA SANDOVA-GUTIERRE/

Asso3i"te usti3e

RENATO C. CORONA

Asso3i"te usti3e

ADOFO S. A/CUNA



Asso3i"te usti3e

C E R T I F I C A T I O N

Pursu"nt to Se3tion &), Arti31e VIII o9 te Constitution, I 3erti98 t"t te 3on31usions in te

"4ove #e3ision "# 4een re"3e# in 3onsu1t"tion 4e9ore te 3"se :"s "ssi2ne# to te :riter o9 te

o%inion o9 te Court’s Division.

RENATO S. PUNO

Cie9 usti3e

=&> Penne# 48 Asso3i"te usti3e u"n Q. Enri;ueH, r., :it Asso3i"te usti3es Ro#ri2o V.

Cosi3o "n# "<i0 S. A4#u1:"i#, 3on3urrin2 ro11o, %%. )+-).

=*> I#. "t )).

=)> I#. "t 5'-+*.

=5> I#. "t 5(-5+.

=+> Se3urit8 o9 Tenure. - In 3"ses o9 re2u1"r e0%1o80ent, te e0%1o8er s"11 not ter0in"te

te servi3es o9 "n e0%1o8ee e73e%t 9or " ust 3"use or :en "utoriHe# 48 tis Tit1e. An e0%1o8ee

:o is unust18 #is0isse# 9ro0 :or< s"11 4e entit1e# to reinst"te0ent :itout 1oss o9 seniorit8

ri2ts "n# oter %rivi1e2es "n# to is 9u11 4"3<:"2es, in31usive o9 "11o:"n3es, "n# to is oter 4ene9its or teir 0onet"r8 e;uiv"1ent 3o0%ute# 9ro0 te ti0e is 3o0%ens"tion :"s :ite1#

9ro0 i0 u% to te ti0e o9 is "3tu"1 reinst"te0ent.

='> Ro11o, %%. 5'-+*.

=6> I#. "t +*.

=B> I#. "t +&.

=> Ce4u Ro8"1 P1"nt v. De%ut8 !inister o9 "4or, G.R. No. -+B'), Au2ust &*, &B6,

&+) SCRA )B.

=&(> G.R. No. &&'B(6, A%ri1 &5, &6, *6& SCRA *&'.

=&&> )+ Pi1. ++, 'B ?&B@.

=&*> G.R. Nos. -6B('* "n# B)*6, une *B, &B, &65 SCRA )56.

=&)> ART. 5. RIGT TO OIDA PA. – ?"@ Ever8 :or<er s"11 4e %"i# is re2u1"r

#"i18 :"2e #urin2 re2u1"r o1i#"8s, e73e%t in ret"i1 "n# servi3e est"41is0ents re2u1"r18

e0%1o8in2 1ess t"n ten ?&(@ :or<ers 777

=&5> ART. +. RIGT TO SERVICE INCENTIVE EAVE. – ?"@ Ever8 e0%1o8ee :o

"s ren#ere# "t 1e"st one 8e"r o9 servi3e s"11 4e entit1e# to " 8e"r18 servi3e in3entive 1e"ve o9 9ive

#"8s :it %"8.

=&+> AHu3en", Ever8one’s "4or Co#e, *((& e#., %. +6.

=&'> Auto $usTtr"ns%ort S8ste0s, In3. v. Antonio $"utist", G.R. No. &+')'6, !"8 &', *((+,

5+B SCRA +6B.



=&6> S8 v. Court o9 A%%e"1s, G.R. No. &5**), Fe4ru"r8 *6, *((), )B SCRA )(&, )&*.

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