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USING ECHOLOCATION CALL RECORDING TECHNIQUES AND GPS TO MONITOR BAT
POPULATIONS IN CONNECTICUT IN THE WAKE OF WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME
Kate Moran, CT DEEP Wildlife Division New England Chapter of the Wildlife Society
Annual Fall Workshop October 24, 2013
Amherst, Massachusetts
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Bats of Connecticut
Cave Hibernating Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifigus) Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) Tri-colored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) Eastern small-footed Bat (Myotis leibii) Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis)
Tree Roosting (migratory) Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus)
Big Brown Bat, Newgate 2011
Paul Fusco
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Photo: Al Hicks, NY DEC
Photo: Nancy Heaslip, Hailes Cave 3/14/2007
• Cold-loving fungus: Pseudogymnoascus destructans • Epidermal infection of the muzzle and wings • Affects cave hibernating bats • 90-100 % mortality depending on spp and region • Nearly 6 million bats have diedas a result of WNS (USFWS, Jan 2012)
White-nose Syndrome
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www.whitenosesyndrome.org
Distribution of WNS in North America
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Benefits of Acoustic Monitoring
• Non-invasive, hands-off monitoring • Casts a bigger “net” • No threat of spreading WNS • Enables driving transects for broader geographic coverage
Image from Joe Szewczak
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• Ultrasonic vocalizations used to forage for insects. • Sophisticated sensory system analyzes the returning echoes.
• Distance • Size • Velocity • Direction • Flutter • Texture
Echolocation
Virginia Big-eared Bat
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Terminal
Source: Bat Sensory World
Foraging vocalizations are for the purpose of listening to the returning echoes and finding a meal. . . Not for announcing who I am.
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Acoustic Monitoring Routes in Connecticut
Nine ~20-mile routes surveyed twice per month from May – October 108 surveys per year with thousands of recordings made.
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Hardware
Protocol adapted from Carl Herzog & Al Hicks, NY DEC.
• Binary Acoustics AR 125 bat detector in PVC housing • Inexpensive GPS unit
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Software
Delorme Navigation SPECT’R III
Bat Recording Software
Sonobat Bat Call Analysis
Full spectrum call recording and analysis
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Nocturnal Volunteers
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Suite of utilities supporting multiple detectors.
• Regional versions • Accepts full spectrum data • File attributer • Data scrubbing • Species classification • Batch processing • Reference call library
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SonoBat Species Classification
• Over 60 call parameters analyzed and compared to reference calls • By mean parameter for the series • By vote on the most powerful high-quality pulses • Consensus between 2 approaches >>> Species classification
Hello My Name is...
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SonoBatch Output
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Big Brown Bat 66%
Eastern Red Bat 24%
Silver-haired Bat 5.7 %
Little Brown Bat 2.2%
Hoary Bat 1.9%
Tricolor Bat 0.4 %
Big Brown Bat 73%
Eastern Red Bat 18%
Silver-haired Bat 4.0%
Hoary Bat 3.3%
Little Brown Bat 1.7%
Tri-colored Bat 0.5%
2011
2012
Species Composition in Connecticut post WNS
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Matching GPS time stamp to WAV file time stamp
More Data Processing . . .
Geo-referenced recordings Symbolize by species in ArcGIS
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2011
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Photos by Merlin Tuttle, www.Batcon.org
Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis Septentrionalis)
Proposed Federal Listing: Endangered
Small-footed bat (Myotis Leibii)
Listing not warranted after 12 month review
Little Brown Bat (Myotis Lucifugus)
Status under review
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Kate Moran, GISP Wildlife Biologist Connecticut DEEP Wildlife Division [email protected]
Christina Kocer