gps 12xl manual rev c -...

O w n e r ’ sM a n u a l

& Reference

GPS12XL

PersonalNavigator

®

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM

Software Version 3.0 or above

© 1997 GARMIN Corporation

1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA

Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020

Fax: 913-397-8282

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.

Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK

Tel: 011-44-1794-519944

Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted inany form or by any means including photocopying and recording, for any purposewithout the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMINreserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the con-tent without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes.

GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are alltrademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed per-mission of GARMIN.

June 1997 - Part Number 190-00134-00 Rev. C - Printed in Taiwan


GPS 12XL Operator’s

Manual

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12XL —the smallest, easi-est-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12XL representsGARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide quality navigation informa-tion in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years.To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through theowner’s manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS12XL. This manual is organized into four sections for your convenience:

Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains thetable of contents and the glossary of navigational terms.

Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit andprovides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12XL.

Reference provides details about the advanced features and opera-tions of the GPS 12XL by topic.

The Appendix section contains initialization instructions and itemswith multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and theindex.

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMINGPS 12XL package includes the following items. If you are missing anyparts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS 12XL Unit • Owner’s Manual

• Wrist Strap • Quick Reference Guide

• Carrying Case • 4 AA Batteries

See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivelmounts, external antennas, and power/data cables.

We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12XL will help you meet all of your navigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of your outdoor gear.

i

INTRODUCTION

Packing List


Caution

INTRODUCTION

ii

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States,which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system issubject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of allGPS equipment. Although the GPS 12XL is a precision electronic NAVigationAID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore,become unsafe.

Use the GPS 12XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe oper-ation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator’s Manualand thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actualuse. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12XL toall available navigation sources including the information from otherNAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrep-ancies before continuing navigation.

NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits forClass B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compli-ance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, andcan radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference toother equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off andon, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating theequipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affectedequipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technicianfor additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation issubject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmfulinterference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12XLdoes not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made byan authorized service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications couldvoid your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15regulations.


1

INTRODUCTION

Table ofContents

SECTION ONE IntroductionGlossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

SECTION TWO Getting StartedBattery & Remote Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Position Page, Map Basics, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Clearing the Map Display, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . .11

SECTION THREE ReferenceSatellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . . . .14Position Page & User Selectable Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Waypoint Pages & Managing Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-23TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30Using the Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-38Map Page & Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-40Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-42Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-44Interface Setup & DGPS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-46Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SECTION FOUR AppendicesAppendix A––Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49Appendix B—Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51Appendix C—Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53Appendix D—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55Appendix E––Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-58

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 1

Glossary

INTRODUCTION

2

The GPS 12XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywherein the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may behelpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.

Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in theappropriate reference sections of the manual.

Almanac DataSatellite constellation information (including location and health of satel-

lites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac datamust be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.

BearingThe compass direction from your position to a destination.

Course Made Good (CMG)The bearing from the “active from” position (your starting point) to your

present position.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)The distance you are off a desired course in either direction.

Desired Track (DTK)The compass course between the “from” and “to” waypoints.

Differential GPS (DGPS)An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to

transmit position corrections to GPS receivers.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)The time of day of your arrival at a destination.

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)The time left to your destination at your present speed.


3

INTRODUCTION

Glossary

GridCoordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square

zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are gridsystems.

Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position.

Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’s

polar axis.

LongitudeAn east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian,

an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles.

NavigationThe process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where

you are in relation to your desired course.

PositionAn exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.

Track (TRK)The direction of movement relative to a ground position.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to

measure position in specific zones.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination.

WaypointA specific location saved in the receiver’s memory.


Battery Installation

The GPS 12XL operates on 4 AA batteries (includ-ed), which are installed at the base of the unit. Thesebatteries provide up to 12 hours of use.

To install the batteries:

1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumbloop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-clockwise.

2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery poleyou can still see should match the symbol (+ or –)marked on the case.

3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turningthe thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors, including temperature and backlighting. You may find that lithium batteries provide longer life in colderconditions.

BatteryInstallation

INTRODUCTION

4

Remote AntennaInstallation

An optional remoteantenna may be usedwith the GPS 12XL.The remote antennawill improve thereceiving capabilitiesof the unit by magni-fying weaker signalswhich the built-inantenna may not beable to use.

The remoteantenna is attachedby plugging it intothe connector on theback of the unit (seeabove).

Contact yourGARMIN dealer forremote antennas andaccessories.


5

DATA ENTRY

The arrow keypad isused for all data entry.Use the U and Dkeys to select letters,numbers, and menuoptions; use the L andR keys to move the cur-sor forward or back-ward along the line.Press E to confirmyour entry.

INTRODUCTION

Keypad Usage &Data Entry

BTurns the unit on and off andactivates screen backlighting.

PScrolls through the main datapages in sequence and returnsdisplay from a submenu pageto a primary page.

MCaptures a position and dis-plays the mark position page.

GDisplays GOTO page with the waypoint highlighted forGOTO operation. PressingGOTO twice activates MOB.

EConfirms data entry and activates highlighted fields to allow data entry.

QReturns display to a previouspage, or restores a data field’sprevious value.

UDSelects alphanumerical characters and menu choicesand moves the field highlightfrom field to field.

L RMoves the selected characterfield and moves the field highlight from field to field.


Primary PagesBefore we start the tour, let’s briefly look at the five

primary information pages used for the GPS 12XL.Switch between pages by pressing either the Q orJ keys.

Satellite PageThe Satellite Page shows satellite positions and

signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed usingtwo circles and a center point. The outer circle showssatellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is45º above the horizon; and the center point representssatellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positionswill show you the direction of any blocked signals.

The bottom of the page contains a row of signalstrength bars corresponding to each satellite being used.

Position PageThe Position Page shows you where you are, what

direction you’re heading and how fast you’re going.

The top of the page contains a compass tape whichis a graphic representation of your heading. Your trackand speed are indicated immediately below.

The graphic compass tape reflects your head-ing only while you are moving.

The rest of the page shows your current position inthree dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. Atrip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided.

Primary Pages

INTRODUCTION

6

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page willallow you to monitorsatellite signal receptionand strength.

J

Q

!#Position Page

Satellite Position Map Compass Menu


Map Page

The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you toview your position, the “path” you have traveled over,and nearby waypoints.

A diamond icon in the center of the screen repre-sents your current position. As you move, you will seea thin line - called a track log - appear along the pathyou have just covered. Names of stored waypoints canalso be shown on the map.

The bottom corners of the map will always displayyour current track and speed. When going to a way-point, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using thepanning target crosshair, the corresponding distanceand bearing are shown at the top corners of the map.The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and con-figuration fields.

Navigation PageA navigation page gives you steering guidance

when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12XL has two nav-igation page choices: the Compass Page and theHighway Page. The Compass Page is the default andwill be briefly explained here. The Highway Page iscovered on pages 35 and 38.

The Compass Page shows the destination way-point at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) anddistance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The cen-ter of the page contains a compass ring and arrow toshow you the direction of the waypoint from the direc-tion you are moving. The bottom of the page givesyour track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable fieldfor estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated timeenroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error,(XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing(TRN).

Menu PageThe last primary page is the Menu Page. The

Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 12XL’s waypointmanagement, route, track log, and setup featuresthrough a list of submenus.

7

Map Page

The Map Page showsyour progress on a mov-ing map plotter and givesa bird’s-eye-view of sur-rounding waypoints.

INTRODUCTION

Primary Pages

Compass Page

The Compass Page is thedefault navigation pageand will show you theway to the waypoint fromthe direction you aremoving.


Getting Started Tour

Now that you’ve seen the primary pages, let’s getstarted by taking a simple tour to show you the basicsabout using your GPS 12XL. The tour assumes thatyour unit has been turned on and that none of the fac-tory settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.)have been changed. If these settings have beenchanged, the pictures and descriptions you see in thismanual may not match what you see on your screen.

Turning the GPS 12XL On

1. Press B until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will appear while the unit con-ducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the SatellitePage will appear. When sufficient satellite signals havebeen acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by thePosition Page.

Marking a PositionGPS is really about marking and going to places

called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12XL toguide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as awaypoint. (Your GPS 12XL can hold up to 500 way-points.)

To mark your present position:

1. Press the M key. The mark position page willappear, with a default three-digit name for the newwaypoint in the upper-left portion of the page.

To rename the waypoint:

1. Highlight the name field, and press E.

2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’, and press E.(See pg. 9 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol fieldwill become highlighted.

Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom way-point symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.

To change the waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and press E.

2. Select the house symbol, and press E.

3. Move the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and pressE.

Power On &Marking aPosition

GETTINGSTARTED

8

The welcome page will beshown while the unit con-ducts a self test

Press the UP arrow tomove forward through thealphabet or numbers andthe DOWN arrow tomove backward.


Using the Position PageWalk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page.

The direction you are moving (track), your speed, tripdistance, and altitude are shown on the upper half ofthe screen. The latitude and longitude of your positionare displayed in the middle of the page, with the timeof day shown below.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. Press P.

Map PageThe next page is the Map Page.To ensure we can

see our entire trip on the map, lets change the mapscale from .2nm (default) to 5nm.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ‘ZM’ field at thetop left of the Map Page and press E

2. Press the U arrow until ‘1nm’ is shown and pressE.

The Map Page shows your present position as adiamond icon in the center of the map. The housesymbol labeled ‘HOME’ is the waypoint you createdand the line connecting the two is your track log.

1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continuewalking at for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how thedisplay changes, always keeping the direction youare moving at the top of the map (see right).

Going to a WaypointOnce you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, you

may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is astraight-line course from your present position to thedestination you’ve selected. Let’s navigate back to ourstarting position, the HOME waypoint.

To select a GOTO destination:

1. Press G.

2. Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint, and press E.

You’ll notice that you’ll automatically return to theMap Page, and a straight line will connect your currentposition to the position of the GOTO waypoint.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. Press P. 9

The Map Page displaysyour present position as adiamond icon and pro-vides a real-time graphic“breadcrumb” display ofyour track right on thescreen.

GETTINGSTARTED

Position/MapPages & GoingTo a Waypoint

The GOTO waypointpage allows you to selecta destination from a list of all available way-points in the GPS 12XL’smemory.


Compass Page

Whenever you select a destination waypoint, theGPS 12XL provides graphic steering guidance with theCompass Page (the default navigation page). The “com-pass ring” in the middle of the page shows your courseover ground while you’re moving, with a pointer arrowto the destination displayed in the center. The arrowshows the direction of your destination from the direc-tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow pointsup, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrowpoints any other direction (left, right, down, etc.), turntoward the arrow until it points up. Then continue inthat direction.

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are dis-played at the top of the screen, and your current trackand speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, atthe bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field thatcan provide a variety of navigation information. We’llcover more about that field in the reference section (seepage 36).

As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted topress PAGE. The GPS 12XL will give you the message“Approaching HOME”. Once you’ve arrived, you’llnotice the distance field will read 0.00.

Cancelling a GOTOIf you decide to stop navigating to the active way-

point, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO.

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press the G key.

2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the‘CANCEL GOTO’ prompt at the bottom of the page andpress E.

Compass Pageand Cancelling

a GOTO

GETTINGSTARTED

10

The GPS 12XL will alsoprovide steering guidancewith a Highway Page.

To change the displayfrom the Compass Page,press ENTER twice.

Once a GOTO is activat-ed, the GPS 12XL pro-vides steering guidanceuntil the GOTO is can-celed. To cancel a GOTO,highlight the cancelprompt at the bottom ofthe page and pressENTER.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pointer toWaypoint

Selectable Field

Distance toWaypoint

Speed OverGround

DestinationWaypoint

Track OverGround

GraphicCompass


Clearing a Cluttered Map DisplayAfter you’ve used the GPS 12XL for a few trips, you

may find that your map display has become a bit messyfrom keeping track of your every move. For practice,let’s clean up the screen by clearing the track log (theplot points left on the Map Page) we’ve just createdduring the Getting Started tour.

1. Press P or Q until the Map Page appears.

2. Highlight the ‘CFG’ field and press E.

3. Highlight ‘Track Setup’ and press E.

4. Highlight the ‘CLEAR LOG?’ option and press E.The clear log confirmation page will appear.

5. Use the L key to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt.

6. Press E to finish.

Adjusting Screen ContrastYou can access the GPS 12XL’s contrast feature from

the Satellite Page.

To adjust the screen contrast:

1. Press P or Q until the Satellite Pageappears.

2. Press Lor Rto adjust the level of contrast, and pressE.

Screen BacklightingScreen backlighting is available for nighttime use.

Activate backlighting by pressing the B key briefly.Backlighting will remain on for the time specified onthe system setup page (See page 42).

Turning the Receiver OffYou’ve now gone through the basic operation of

your new GPS receiver and probably know a little morethan you think about how it works. We encourage youto experiment with the GPS 12XL until it becomes anextension of your own navigation skills. If youencounter any problems using the unit or want to takeadvantage of the GPS 12XL’s more advanced features,turn to the reference section.

To turn the GPS 12XL off:

1. Press and hold the B key for 3 seconds. 11

Highlight the ‘CLEARLOG?’ prompt and pressENTER to clear the tracklog.

Note: Once all 1024points are used duringnormal operation, the old-est point will be continu-ously deleted to makeroom for the latest tracklog point to be stored.

GETTINGSTARTED

Clearing theMap, Adjusting

Contrast, &Power Off

Pressing the LEFT orRIGHT arrows from theSatellite Page will auto-matically activate thescreen contrast bar.


Satellite Page

The GPS 12XL’s Satellite Page displays the status ofvarious receiver functions. The status information willhelp you understand what the GPS 12XL is doing atany given time, and will tell you whether or not thereceiver has calculated a position fix.

Sky View and Signal Strength BarsThe sky view and signal strength bars give you an

indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver,whether or not they are being used to calculate a posi-tion fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky viewshows a bird’s-eye-view of the position of each availablesatellite relative to the unit’s last known position. Theouter circle represents the horizon (north up); the innercircle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point isdirectly overhead. You can use the sky view to helpdetermine if any satellites are being blocked, andwhether you have a current position fix (indicated by a‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ in the status field). You can alsoset the sky view to a track up configuration by changingthe ‘orientation’ option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 forsetup instructions.)

When the receiver is looking for a particular satel-lite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blankand the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once thereceiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strengthbar will appear, indicating that the satellite has beenfound and the receiver is collecting data from it. Thesatellite number in the sky view will no longer appearhighlighted. As soon as the GPS 12XL has collected thenecessary data to calculate a fix, the status field willindicate a 2D or 3D status.

Satellite Page

REFERENCE

12

The GPS 12XL SatellitePage will help you deter-mine which satellites arein view, and whether ornot any satellites arebeing “shaded” or blockedfrom receiving satellitesignals (See satellites 07and 09 above).

By periodically monitor-ing the signal strengthbars at the bottom of thepage and the north upsky view, you will be ableto see how moving toanother area with aclearer view of the skywill improve satellitereception and speed upsignal acquisition.

BatteryIndicator

HorizontalAccuracy

Signal StrengthIndicators

SkyviewDisplay

StatusField


Receiver StatusReceiver status is indicated at the top left of the

page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimatedposition error, in feet or meters) at the top right. Thestatus will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching— the GPS 12XL is looking for anyavailable satellites in view.

AutoLocate— the GPS 12XL is initializing andcollecting new almanac data. This process can take5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently inview.

Acquiring— the receiver is collecting data fromavailable satellites, but has not collected enoughdata to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Nav (2D Navigation)— at least three satel-lites with good geometry have been locked onto anda 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude)is being calculated. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Nav (3D Navigation)— at least four satelliteswith good geometry have been locked onto, andyour position is now being calculated in latitude,longitude and altitude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage)— the receiverisn’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fixdue to bad satellite geometry.

Not Usable— the receiver is unusable, possiblydue to incorrect initialization or abnormal satelliteconditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset,and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator— the receiver is in simulator mode.

EZinit Option PromptThe Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit

prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated.(The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring,simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you toreinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful ifyou have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver offand must initialize your new position. (The EZinitprompt will automatically appear if the receiver needsto be initialized. The prompt may also appear duringnormal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit isindoors. 13

The signal strength bars atthe bottom of the page willnot appear until the GPS12XL has found the satel-lites indicated at the bot-tom of the screen.

REFERENCE

Receiver Status& EZinit

If you travel more than500 miles with the receiv-er off, reinitialize the unitto your new position byusing the EZinit feature.To access EZinit, pressENTER from the SatellitePage before any satellitesare acquired.


Battery Level IndicatorThe Satellite Page also features a battery level indi-

cator, located to the left of the sky view, which displaysthe strength of the unit’s batteries. The battery indicatorwill not appear if the receiver is using external power.

The battery level indicator is calibrated foralkaline batteries. Voltage differences will dis-play Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently .No other receiver functions are affected.

The GPS 12XL features an internal lithium batterythat will maintain the unit’s memory when the receiveris not running off batteries or external power.

Backlighting Bulb IconThe GPS 12XL features full-screen backlighting.

Activate the backlight by pressing the B key briefly.Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Pagewhen backlighting is turned on.

Emergency Erase FunctionYou may erase the GPS 12XL’s memory in four quick

steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted,including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.

To erase all stored data:

1. Ensure that the GPS 12XL is turned off.

2. While holding down the Mkey, hold down the Bkey to turn the unit on. A warning message will appearwith “Yes?” highlighted, and ask you to confirm yourselection.

3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press Rand E to cancel the emergency erase.

4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, pressE to confirm.

Battery Level,Backlighting &

Emergency Erase

REFERENCE

14

When backlighting is on, abulb icon will appear onthe Satellite Page.

Use the icon to determineif backlighting is turnedon during daylight hours.

Upon activating theEmergency EraseFunction, you will beasked to confirm yourdecision.

!#


Position PageThe second page in the GPS 12XL’s primary page

sequence is the Position Page. This page shows youwhere you are, what direction you’re heading, and howfast you’re going, and it’s most useful when you aretraveling without an active destination waypoint. Thegraphic heading display at the top of the page indicatesthe direction you’re heading (while you’re moving).

Directly below this display are the track, speed, andtrip odometer fields (default). Track is the compassdirection representing your course over the ground,and speed is how fast you’re moving. The lower left-hand corner of the page shows your current latitudeand longitude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12XLuses this basic information to mark exact positions aswaypoints, which help guide you from one place toanother. The lower right-hand corner of the page con-tains the altitude field (default). Below that field is a12- or 24-hour clock.

Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields areuser selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, triptimer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always besure of viewing this information regardless of theoption you’ve selected to view in the other user-selec-table field.

The following user-selectable options are availableon the Position Page:

Trip Odometer (TRIP)— total distancetraveled since last reset.

Trip Timer (TTIME)— total (cumulative)time in which a ground speed has beenmaintained since last reset.

Elapsed Time (ELPSD)— hours andminutes since last reset.

Average Speed (AVSPD)— average speedtraveled.

Maximum Speed (MXSPD)— maximumspeed traveled since last reset.

Altitude (ALT)— vertical distance abovesea level.

15

The speed and track dis-played on the PositionPage may fluctuate atslow speeds (or whenyou’re standing still)because of position errorscaused by SelectiveAvailability.

REFERENCE

Position Page

The user selectable fieldson the Position Page giveyou a variety of informa-tion to choose from.


To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer:

1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and press E.

2. Press E to confirm or Q to exit.

The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speedfields are linked. Resetting one of these options in auser-selectable field will automatically reset the corre-sponding data in the other. This ensures that informa-tion shown in these fields reflects your current trip.

Maximum Speed FieldTo obtain the most accurate reading of average

speed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of theGPS 12XL’s antenna, your maximum speed value mayinclude the effects of rapid movement, such as swingingyour arm while holding the unit.

To reset the maximum speed field:

1. Highlight the ‘MXSPD’ field, and press E.

2. Press E to confirm the ‘RESET?’ prompt .

Altitude FieldWhen the GPS 12XL is acquiring satellites or navi-

gating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is usedto compute your position. You may also manually enteryour altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where theGPS 12XL has 2D coverage, entering your approximatealtitude will enable the receiver to determine a 3D fix.

To enter an altitude:

1. Highlight the ‘ALT’ field, and press E.

2. Enter a value, and press E.

Maximum Speed& Altitude

Fields

REFERENCE

16

Resetting the trip odome-ter will erase the previousmileage and set theodometer to 0.

You may enter a knownaltitude to assist the GPS12XL in establishing a 3-D fix.


Marking a PositionThe GPS 12XL allows you to mark and store up to

500 position as waypoints. A waypoint can be enteredby taking an instant electronic fix, by manually enter-ing coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing anddistance to a known position (pg. 20).

To mark your present position:

1. Press M. The mark position page will appear,showing the captured position and a default three-digit name.

2. To save a default name and symbol, press E toconfirm the ‘SAVE?’ prompt.

Position Averaging FunctionThe GPS 12XL positioning averaging function will

help reduce the effects of selective availability uponposition error when marking a waypoint.

1. After you have pressed the M key, highlight the‘AVERAGE?’ field and press E. The Figure ofMerit (FOM) field will display the value reflecting esti-mated accuracy of the averaged position. Note: Asthe GPS 12XL calculates the FOM, it will rapidlychange before it stabilizes on one number.

2. The unit will continue averaging until you have high-lighted ‘SAVE?’ and pressed E.

To enter a different waypoint name:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press E.

2. Make the appropriate changes, and press E.

3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press E.

Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or com-ment, see pg. 21.

To add this waypoint to a route:

1. Highlight the ‘Add to route number’ field, and pressE.

2. Enter a route number, press E to confirm theroute number, and E again to save the waypoint.

17

After initiating the posi-tion averaging function, aFigure of Merit value willbe displayed, and the‘SAVE?’ field will auto-matically be highlighted.

REFERENCE

PositionAveraging

The GPS 12XL will savenew waypoints with adefault three-digit name.To add the waypoint to aroute, enter the desiredroute number, highlight‘SAVE?’ and pressENTER.


Waypoint PagesThe GPS 12XL has three waypoint pages that let

you quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. Thesepages—nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypointdefinition—can be accessed through the Menu Page.

To select a waypoint page:

1. Access the Menu Page, and highlight a waypoint pageoption.

2. Press E.

Nearest Waypoints PageThe nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest

waypoints that are within 100 miles of your presentposition, with the bearing and distance noted for eachwaypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypointdefinition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right fromthe list.

To review the waypoint definition page of a select-ed waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint.

2. Press E.

To return to the nearest waypoint page:

1. Highlight ‘DONE?’.

2. Press E.

To go to a highlighted list waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and press G.

2. Press E.

Waypoint List PageThe waypoint list page provides a complete list of

all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 12XL andtheir respective waypoint symbols. The total number ofempty and used waypoints is also indicated. From thewaypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint defini-tion page, delete all user-defined waypoints, delete way-points by symbol, or review and perform a GOTO to aselected waypoint.

To delete all user-defined waypoints:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE WPTS?’, and press E.

NearestWaypoints &Waypoint List

REFERENCE

18

To select a waypoint sub-menu, highlight thedesired option and pressENTER.

Nearest WaypointsPage

The compass heading(BRG) and distance(DST) to the nine nearestwaypoints are updatedcontinuously.


Waypoint List Page (continued)An options page will appear, asking if you want to

delete all user-defined waypoints or if you want todelete waypoints by symbol type.

1. Highlight either ‘ALL’ or ‘SYMBOL’, and press E.

If you highlight ‘SYMBOL,’ you’ll be asked toselect a symbol.

1. Select the symbol to be deleted, and press E.

2. Press E to confirm the ‘DONE’ prompt, highlightthe ‘YES?’ prompt, and press E.

Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporarywaypoints created by the TracBack function.

Proximity WaypointsThe GPS 12XL’s proximity waypoint function warns

you when you are getting too close to hazardous way-points. This function allows you to create up to nineproximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle foreach waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning mes-sage will alert you.

To enter a proximity waypoint from the MenuPage:

1. Highlight ‘PROXIMITY WPTS’ and press E.

2. Highlight the first empty waypoint field and pressE.

3. Use the U or D key to scroll through storedwaypoints until the desired waypoint appears.

4. Press E. The distance (DST) field will be auto-matically highlighted. Enter the desired distance.

5. Press the E key.

To review or remove a proximity waypoint:

1. Use U and D to select a proximity waypoint andpress E.

2. Highlight ‘REVIEW?’ or ‘REMOVE?’ and press E.

If ‘REVIEW?’ is chosen, the waypoint page willappear, and you may make any changes to the selectedwaypoint. If ‘REMOVE?’ is chosen, the proximity way-point page will reappear with the waypoint removed.Press Q or P to return to the Menu Page.

19

Deleting waypoints bysymbol enables you todelete a specific group ofwaypoints without losingall other waypoints.

REFERENCE

Waypoint List &ProximityWaypoints

Quickly edit proximitywaypoints by highlightingthe waypoint name andpressing ENTER.


Waypoint Definition Page

The waypoint definition page lets you create newwaypoints manually or review and edit an existing way-point’s coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is alsoused to delete an individual waypoint from memory(see pg. 22). To create a new waypoint manually, you’llneed to know its position coordinates or its approxi-mate distance and bearing from an existing waypoint.

To create a waypoint by entering coordinates:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,and press E.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and press E.

3. Press E to select a waypoint symbol, make yourselection, and press E.

4. Highlight the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press E toreturn to the waypoint page.

5. Highlight the “position” field, enter your position, andpress E.

6. Press E to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Reference WaypointsTo create a new waypoint manually without know-

ing its position coordinates, you’ll need to enter itsbearing and distance from an existing waypoint or yourpresent position.

To create a new waypoint by referencing a storedwaypoint:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,and press E.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and press E.

WaypointDefinition &

ReferenceWaypoints

REFERENCE

20

The GPS 12XL’s advancedwaypoint planning fea-tures allow you to createnew waypoints and prac-tice navigation withoutever setting foot outside.

If you create a new way-point by entering coordi-nates from a map, youmay want to re-mark thewaypoint’s exact positiononce you get there.

To re-define an existingwaypoint’s position coor-dinates from the waypointdefinition page, simplyhighlight the DST fieldand press ENTER. Use theLEFT arrow key to set thedistance to 0.00, and pressENTER to confirm.

The old coordinates will bereplaced by the coordi-nates of your present posi-tion (you must have avalid 2D or 3D positionfix).

WaypointName

ReferenceWaypoint

Distance fromReferenceWaypoint

PositionCoordinates

Bearing fromReferenceWaypoint

Function Prompts

Waypoint Comment


Reference Waypoints (cont.)

3. Highlight the ‘REF’ field, and press E.

4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the fieldblank to use your present position), and press E.

5. Enter the bearing and distance of your new waypointfrom the reference waypoint.


Waypoint SymbolsThe GPS 12XL allows you to select one of 16 sym-

bols for each waypoint for easy recognition on the mapdisplay. From the symbol page, you may also selecthow the waypoint appears on the map.

To select a waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the symbol field, and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol,and press E.

3. The cursor will move to the display field, where youcan select which waypoint information is displayedon the map.

4. Press E, and select one of the following displayoptions: ‘NAME WITH SYMBOL’, ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL’.

5. Press E to confirm your selection, and Eagain to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Waypoint CommentsEach waypoint stored in the GPS 12XL has a user-

defined 16-character comment field. The default com-ment is the UTC (or Greenwich mean time) date andtime of the waypoint’s creation.

To change or add a comment:

1. Highlight the comment field.

2. Press E.

Note: You can clear the comment field by press-ing the left side of the rocker keypad.

3. Enter the desired comment.

4. Press E.

21

Waypoint symbols enableyou to instantly get moreinformation about a way-point than just its name.

REFERENCE

WaypointSymbols &Comments

The waypoint commentfield will automaticallyassign the date and time ofcreation to the waypointcomment field. You mayenter a 16-character usercomment at any time.


Renaming and Deleting WaypointsThe rename and delete function fields are located

along the bottom side of the waypoint definition page.

To rename a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘RENAME?’, and press E.

2. Enter the new waypoint name, and press E.

3. Press E to confirm the ‘Yes?’ prompt.

To delete a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE?’, and press E.

2. Highlight the ‘Yes?’ prompt, and press E.

Note: To delete a waypoint that’s part of a route,first remove the waypoint from the route (see pg. 30),and then delete it. If you attempt to delete a waypointthat’s part of a route, you’ll be given a “Route WaypointCan’t be Deleted” message.

Scanning WaypointsAs you manually enter a waypoint’s name, the GPS

12XL’s waypoint scanning feature will automatically dis-play the first numerical or alphabetical match of thecharacter you have entered to that point. This helpseliminate the need to always enter a waypoint’s com-plete name.

To scan waypoints from a waypoint field:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press E.

2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the namefield.

3. Scroll through the waypoints.

Note: The GPS 12XL’s waypoint scanning featurewill offer the first waypoint that matches the characteror characters you have entered up to that point. If youhave more than one waypoint that begins with the sameletter or number, move to the next character position asneeded.

4. When you find the desired waypoint, press E.

Rename, Delete& Scan

Waypoints

REFERENCE

22

You may wish to quicklysave waypoints by press-ing MARK and thenENTER, thus assigning adefault name. You maythen rename the waypointat a later date. Any way-point may be renamed atany time.

Scanning waypoints fromthe waypoint definitionpage gives you instantaccess to a specific way-point’s information.


Selecting a GOTO DestinationThe GPS 12XL provides four ways to navigate to a

destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route naviga-tion. The most basic method of selecting a destinationis the GOTO function, which lets you choose anystored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets adirect course from your present position.

To activate the GOTO function:

1. Press G.

2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, andpress E.

Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, theCompass Page or Highway Page will provide steeringguidance to the destination until either the GOTO iscancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the activeroute (see pg 30).

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press the G key.

2. Highlight ‘CANCEL GOTO?’, and press E.

Man Overboard FunctionThe GPS 12XL’s man overboard function (MOB) lets

you simultaneously mark and set a course to a positionfor quick response to passing positions.

To activate the MOB mode:

1. Press G twice. The GOTO waypoint page willappear with ‘MOB’ selected.

2 Press E to begin MOB navigation.

The GPS 12XL will now guide you to the MOBwaypoint until the MOB GOTO is cancelled. If youwant to save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename itbecause it will be overwritten the next time a MOB isactivated.

23

Select a destination way-point from the GOTOwaypoint list.

REFERENCE

Select a GOTO& MOBFunction

Once the MOB mode hasbeen activated, steeringguidance will be providedby the Compass orHighway Page. Activatinganother MOB will over-write the previous MOBwaypoint.


TracBack NavigationGARMIN’s patented TracBack feature allows you to

quickly retrace your path using the track log automati-cally stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates theneed to mark waypoints along the way and manuallycreate and activate a route back to where you beganyour trip. Three track recording options are available:

Off—no plot will be recorded.

Fill—a track plot will be recorded until track mem-ory is full.

Wrap—a track plot will be continuously recorded,wrapping through the available memory (replacingthe oldest data with new data).

To select a track log option:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, press E, select anoption, and press E.

Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead youback to the oldest track log point stored in memory, soit’s usually a good idea to clear the existing track log atthe start of each trip.

To clear the track log and define a starting pointfor a TracBack route:

1. From the Map Page, press E, highlight the ‘TRACKSETUP’ option, and press E.

2. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, press E, highlight ‘Yes?’,and press E.

To activate a TracBack route:

1. Press G, highlight ‘TRACBACK?’, and press E.

Once the TracBack function has been activated, theGPS 12XL will take the track log currently stored inmemory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark themost significant features of the track log in order toduplicate your exact path as closely as possible. Thesepoints will be indicated by a ‘T001’ number on the way-point list, and by a ‘T’ symbol on the Map Page.

The active route page will appear, showing a routefrom your present position to the oldest track log pointin memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will beprovided back to the starting point of your track log. Note:You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, butonly if the route is not active.

TracBack

REFERENCE

24

WARNING:

Setting the track record-ing to OFF will disablethe TracBack function.

Highlight ‘TRACBACK?’and press ENTER to beginTracBack navigation.


Tips On the TracBack Feature• Always clear your track log at the exact point that

you want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.).

• The ‘RECORD’ option on the track log setup pagecan be set to either the ‘WRAP’ or ‘FILL’ positions.

• There must be at least two track log points storedin memory to create a TracBack route.

• If there are not enough available waypoints inmemory to create a TracBack route, you will bealerted with a ‘waypoint memory full’ message,and the receiver will use any available waypointsto create a TracBack route with an emphasis onthe track log closest to the destination (the oldesttrack log point in memory).

• If the ‘METHOD’ option on the track log setuppage is set to a time interval, the TracBack routemay not follow your exact path. (Keeping the cri-teria set to automatic will always provide themost detailed TracBack route.)

• If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellitecoverage during your trip, the TracBack route willsimply draw a straight line between any pointwhere coverage was lost and where it resumed.

• If the changes in direction and distance of yourtrack log are complex, 30 waypoints may not beenough to accurately mark your exact path. Thereceiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to themost significant points of your track, and simplifysegments with fewer changes in direction.

• To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an openstorage route before activating another TracBack.Activating another TracBack or storage route willoverwrite the existing TracBack route.

• Whenever a TracBack route is activated, thereceiver will automatically erase any temporarywaypoints that are not contained in routes 1-19.If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes1-19, the receiver will create any new temporarywaypoints using the first three-digit numberavailable. (You can also quickly delete all tempo-rary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the‘DELETE BY SYMBOL’ method described on pg.19.)

25

The TracBack feature willnavigate your track logback to the oldest point inthe receiver’s memory.

REFERENCE

TracBack

The track log will bedivided into segments withtemporary waypoints tocreate a route back to thebeginning of the track log.


Route NavigationThe last form of navigating to a destination with the

GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The routenavigation feature lets you plan and navigate a coursefrom one place to another using a set of pre-definedwaypoints. Routes are often used when it’s not practical,safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particu-lar destination (e.g., through a body of water or impass-able terrain).

Routes are broken down and navigated in smallersegments called “legs”. The waypoint you are going toin a leg is called the “active to” waypoint and the way-point immediately behind you is called the “active from”waypoint. The line between the “active to” and the“active from” waypoint is called the “active leg”.

Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12XL,it will automatically select the route leg closest to yourposition as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint inthe route, the receiver will automatically sequence andselect the next waypoint as the “active to” waypoint.

Routes

REFERENCE

26

Waypoint 2(“active to” waypoint)

Waypoint 1(“active from” waypoint)

“Active Leg”

ä

ä ää}


Route Definition Page

The last form of navigating to a destination withthe GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. TheGPS 12XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of30 waypoints each.

The route navigation feature lets you plan and navi-gate a course from one place to another using a set ofpre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it’snot practical, safe, or possible to navigate a directcourse to a particular destination (e.g., through a bodyof water or impassable terrain).

The bottom of the route definition page featuresseveral ‘function’ fields which let you copy, clear, invert,or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used asstorage routes, with route 0 always serving as the activeroute you are navigating. If you want to save a routethat’s currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to anotheropen route, as it will be overwritten by the next routeactivation.

Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and acti-vated through the route definition page.

To select the route definition page:

1. Highlight ‘ROUTES’ from the Menu Page, and pressE.

The ‘route number’ field is displayed at the top ofthe page, with a 16-character ‘user comment’ field tothe right. If no user comment is entered, the field dis-plays the first and last waypoint in the route. The way-point list on the left side of the page accepts up to 30waypoints for each route, with fields for desired trackand distance between legs. The total route distance isindicated below the waypoint list. 27

Routes enable you to storeand use groups of fre-quently used waypointstogether.

REFERENCE

Route DefinitionPage

Enter each waypoint inthe order you would like tonavigate them. If youenter a waypoint notstored in memory, you’llneed to define the positionon the waypoint definitionpage.

CommentField

DesiredTrack of Leg

Total Distance

Route Number

Copy Field

Function Prompts

Leg Distance


Creating and Navigating RoutesTo create a route from the route definition page:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and press E.

2. Enter a route number, and press E. (Only openroutes will be available.)

3. Press E to begin entry of a route comment.

4. Enter your comment, and press the E key.

5. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and pressE. As you continue entering the rest of your way-points, the list will automatically scroll down.

Whenever you activate a route, it will automaticallyselect the route leg closest to your position as the activeleg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiverwill automatically sequence and select the next way-point as the active to waypoint.

Activating and Inverting RoutesAfter a route has been entered, it can be either acti-

vated in sequence or inverted from the route definitionpage. The process of activating or inverting a storedroute takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies itinto the active route (route 0) for navigation. The stor-age route is now no longer needed and will be retainedin its original format under its existing route number.

This system allows you to have an active route thatyou may edit during navigation and save as an entirelynew route from the original. You will have to copy theactive route to an unused storage route to save it, sincenew route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.

To activate a route:

1. From the route definition page, highlight the ‘ROUTE:’field.

2. Enter the route number to be activated, and pressE.

3. Highlight ‘ACT?’, and press E.

To activate a route in inverted order:

1. Follow the steps above, but select ‘INV?’, and pressE.

Using Routes

REFERENCE

28

You may use up to 16characters to customname a route. The defaultname will be the first andlast waypoint in the route.

To activate a route, high-light the ‘ACT?’ promptand press ENTER.


Active Route PageOnce a route has been activated, the active route

page will display the waypoint sequence of your routewith the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your presentspeed and the distance to each waypoint. As long asyou are navigating an active route, the active route pagewill become part of the main page sequence of the unit.The active route page will also allow you to change the‘ETE’ field to display desired track (DTK) or estimatedtime of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear orinvert the active route.

To display DTK or ETA for each leg:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press E.

2. Select ‘DTK’ or ‘ETA’, and press E.

The active route page also allows you to clear (stopnavigating) or invert the active route without using theroute definition page.

To invert a route from the active route page:

1. Highlight ‘INV?’, and press E.

To stop route navigation:

1. Select ‘CLR?’, and press E.

Copying and Clearing RoutesThe route definition page is also used to copy a

route to another route number. This feature is usefulwhen you make changes to the active (or TracBack)route and want to save the route in its modified formfor future use.

To copy a route:

1. Highlight the ‘route number’ field, and press E.

2. Select the route number to be copied, and pressE.

3. Highlight the ‘COPY TO’ field, and press E.

4. Scroll through the available routes and select a desti-nation route number. (Only open routes will be avail-able.) Press E to copy the route.

To clear a route from memory:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and press E.

2. Enter the route number, and press E.

3. Select ‘CLR?’, and press E.

4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press E.29

Active Route Page

Whenever you have anactive route, the activeroute page will appear inthe primary pagesequence after theCompass/Highway Page.

REFERENCE

Active Route,Copying, &

Clearing

To copy a route, select anopen storage route andpress the ENTER key. Ifyou select a route that isalready used, you’ll bealerted with a ‘Route Full’message.


Editing RoutesA route can be edited any time after its creation.

To edit a route from the active route page orthe route definition page:

1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press E.

An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear,with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, orchanging the waypoint field highlighted. This field con-tains the following options:

• Review?— reviews the waypoint’s definition page

• Insert?— adds a new waypoint that precedes theselected waypoint

• Remove?— deletes a selected waypoint• Change?— replaces the selected waypoint with a

new waypoint

You may delete a waypoint from a route, but only ifthe route is not active. Note: Editing the original storageroute will not affect route 0. If you want to save an edit-ed version of route 0, save it to an open storage route.

On-Route GOTOs

At the beginning of this section, we mentioned thatthe GPS 12XL will automatically select the route legclosest to your position as the active leg. This will giveyou steering guidance to the desired track of the activeleg. Note that the first waypoint selected as the destina-tion waypoint will be the route leg closest to your pre-sent position. This may mean you’re not navigating tothe first waypoint in the active route—you may be navi-gating to the last. If you prefer to navigate a route out ofsequence, you can perform an “on-route GOTO” fromthe active route page.

To perform an “on-route GOTO” from the activeroute page:

1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and press G.

2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the way-point highlighted, press E.

Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO way-point, the GPS 12XL will automatically resume navigat-ing the rest of the route in sequence using the page youwere on before performing a GOTO.

Editing Routes& On-Route

GOTO’s

REFERENCE

30

Use the on-screen menu toselect the desired editingfunction.

To edit or review a routewaypoint from the activeroute page, highlight thedesired waypoint andpress ENTER.


Selecting a User-Defined Navigation PageOnce you’ve selected a GOTO destination or acti-

vated a TracBack, MOB, or route, the GPS 12XL willprovide graphic steering guidance to the destinationwith one of two navigation pages:

•The Compass Page (default) provides a direc-tional pointer to the destination, with a rotatingcompass display to show your direction of travel.The Compass Page provides better steering guid-ance for car travel, hiking, or biking, wherestraight-line navigation usually is not possible.

•The Highway Page provides a graphic highwaythat shows your movement relative to the desiredcourse, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error(the distance and direction you are off course).This page also features a course deviation indica-tor (CDI) (see pg. 34). The Highway Page is well-suited for water or off-road recreation wherestraight-line navigation is possible.

Both pages provide a digital display of the bearingand distance to the destination, and your current speedand track over the ground. You can switch to eitherNavigation Page at any time.

To select either Navigation Page:

1. Press E from the existing Navigation Page, andE again to change the page.

31

To switch the navigationpage to the CompassPage, press ENTER twice.

REFERENCE

NavigationPages

To switch the navigationpage to the Highway Page,press ENTER twice.

Compass Page Highway Page


Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page (cont.)

The ‘ETE’ field, located in the middle-bottom ofboth pages, is a user-selectable field that allows you todisplay a variety of navigation values for your trip.

To access the user-selectable field:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press E.

2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options.

The following data options are available for theNavigation Pages:

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)— the time leftto your destination based on your present speedand track.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)— the time ofday of your arrival at a destination, based on currentground speed and track.

Course to Steer (CTS)— the bearing which willgive you the most efficient way to stay on course toyour destination.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)— the distance you areoff the desired course in either direction. This fieldwill give you a digital representation of the CDIscale.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)— the speed youare traveling toward the destination.

Turn (TRN)— the amount of correction indegrees needed to travel directly to the destination.

NavigationPages

REFERENCE

32

Use the user selectablefield to customize the nav-igation pages.

The turn option will showyou the number of degreesyou need to turn to headdirectly to your destina-tion.

Track OverGround

User-Selectable Field

Distance toWaypoint

GraphicCompass


Using the Compass Page

The Compass Page provides better steering guid-ance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds(ex. walking) and for travel with many directionalchanges.

The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the way-point are displayed at the top of the page, below thedestination waypoint name. The distance displayed isthe straight-line distance from your present position tothe destination waypoint. The bearing indicates theexact compass heading from you to the destination.

The middle of the page features a rotating “compassring” that shows your course over ground while youare moving (track up orientation), with a pointer arrowto the destination displayed in the center. The arrowshows the direction of your destination from the direc-tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow pointsup, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrowpoints any direction (left, right, down, etc.), turntoward the arrow until it points up. Then continue inthat direction.

The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK),speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA,CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN.

When you are one minute away from your destina-tion (based on your current speed and track overground), the GPS 12XL will alert you with a flashingon-screen message box.

33

In this example, theCompass Page indicatesthat you are traveling in awest (261 degrees) direc-tion and the destinationwaypoint is north (291degrees) of your currentdirection of travel.

REFERENCE

Compass Page

In this example, theCompass Page indicatesthat you are traveling in a north (350 degrees)direction and the destination waypoint iswest (291 degrees) ofyour current direction oftravel.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pointer toWaypoint

Speed OverGround

DestinationWaypoint


Using the Highway Page

The GPS 12XL’s Highway Page provides graphicsteering guidance to a destination waypoint, with agreater emphasis on the straight-line desired course andthe distance and direction you are off course. The bear-ing and distance to a waypoint - along with your cur-rent track and speed - are displayed at the top of thescreen.

As you head toward your destination, the middle ofthe screen provides visual guidance to your waypointon a moving graphic “highway.” Your present position isrepresented by the diamond in the center of the coursedeviation scale. The line down the middle of the high-way represents your desired track. As you navigatetoward a waypoint, the highway will actually move—indicating the direction you’re off course—relative tothe position diamond on the CDI scale. When the high-way is pointing straight up the screen, the waypoint isdirectly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to the left,the top of the highway will lead to the left, and viceversa. To stay on course, simply steer in the directionthe highway leads (left or right) until the highway leadsstraight up the page.

If you do get off the desired course by more than1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance youare off course will be displayed where the CDI scale set-ting normally appears. If you get too far off course (thehighway has disappeared), a message box will appear toindicate what course to steer to get back on course. (Forinformation on how to set this scale, see pg. 44.) As youapproach a waypoint, a horizontal “finish line” willmove toward the bottom of the highway. When the fin-ish line reaches the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at yourdestination.

Highway Pages

REFERENCE

34

In this example, theHighway Page indicatesthat you are off course tothe left. Steer right to getback on course. Notice thehighway always shows thedirection to turn. If thehighway leads straight upthe page, you should con-tinue in your currentdirection.

If you get too far offcourse, a message box willappear to indicate whatcourse to steer to get backon course most efficiently.

Bearing toWaypoint

GraphicHighway

CDI Scale

Distance toWaypoint

User SelectableField

Speed OverGround

Track OverGround

DestinationWaypoint


Map Page

The Map Page shows your position and surround-ings, and provides you with a target cursor that letsyou pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the dis-tance and bearing to a map position, and mark newwaypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is brokendown into two sections: control fields and map section.

The zoom function, panning control, and configu-ration fields are located at the top of the screen. Thezoom function uses 12 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2to 320 miles or 0.5 to 600 km. (Using the zoom, pan-ning, and configure fields will be addressed in the nextsection.)

The map portion of the page displays your presentposition as a diamond icon, with your track and/orroute displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints arerepresented as squares, with the waypoint name alsolisted. You may select which of these features areshown through the map setup submenu page (see pg.38-39 for more information).

The four corners of the Map Page are used to dis-play various navigation data, including the bearing anddistance to a destination waypoint and your currenttrack and speed over the ground. The two fields at thetop corners of the map show your bearing and distanceto one of three selectable destinations: an active desti-nation waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, orthe panning target crosshair. If you are not navigatingto a waypoint or using the panning function, the topdata fields will not be displayed. Your current track andspeed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.

35

Note: A map scale repre-sents the distance shownfrom the bottom to the topof the Map Page. Forexample, when viewingthe 10 mile scale, the dis-tance represented betweenthe top of the screen andbottom is 10 miles.

REFERENCE

Map Page

The four corners of theMap Page are used toshow your course, speed,and distance to either acursor or to a destinationwaypoint.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pan & ConfigureFields

Track OverGround

Speed Over Ground

Distance toWaypoint

Zoom Scale

PresentPosition


Zooming, Panning, and ConfiguringThere are four main functions you can perform from

the Map Page— zooming, pointing, panning, and con-figuring (changing the map and track setup). Each ofthese functions has its own “field”, which may be select-ed and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page firstappears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always high-lighted. The map has 12 map scales which are selectedthrough the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the zoom field.

2. Press the E key to begin range selection.

3. Select a range scale and press E.

The second function field on the Map Page is thepan field, located at the top middle of the screen. Thepan function allows you to move the map with the fourarrow keys to view areas outside the current map.

To activate the pan function:

1. From the zoom field, highlight the pan field.

2. Press the E key to activate the pan function.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.

As you begin to move the map, a crosshair (plussign) will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a tar-get marker for the moving map. The distance and bear-ing to your destination will now be replaced by the dis-tance and bearing from your present position to the tar-get crosshair.

When you pan around the map, you’ll notice thetarget crosshair will “snap” to on-screen waypoints andhighlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name ishighlighted, you can either review its waypoint defini-tion page or waypoint display options, or execute aGOTO function right from the Map Page.

To review the waypoint definition page for a high-lighted waypoint:

1. Press E while the waypoint is highlighted.

Zooming,Panning, &Configuring

REFERENCE

36

A crosshair will appearwhen you activate the panfunction. The distance anddirection of the crosshairfrom your current positionwill be shown in the uppercorners of the Map Page.

On-Screen Pointing

The crosshair will “snap”to displayed waypoints,which allows you to quick-ly review or go to theselected waypoint rightfrom the Map Page.


Zooming, Panning, and Configuring (cont.)From the waypoint definition page, you can also

define how each individual waypoint is displayed onthe map. The GPS 12XL displays waypoints as a namewith a corresponding symbol (e.g., “nearest fuel” and agas pump symbol), a symbol only (e.g., a fish symbol),or a 16-character comment and corresponding symbol(e.g., “great view” and the camp site symbol). The way-point name has a six character limit while the “com-ment” field has a 16-character limit, and there are 16individual waypoint symbols available.

To select a waypoint display option:

1. Highlight the “symbol” field (to the right of the namefield), and press E.

2. Move the cursor to the ‘DISPLAY’ field, and pressE.

3. Select a display option, and press E to select oneof the following display options: ‘NAME WITH SYM-BOL,’ ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or ‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL.’


5. Press E again (on the waypoint definition page)to return to the Map Page.

The last function you can perform with a waypointhighlighted on the Map Page is a GOTO directly to thewaypoint.

To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:1. Press G.

2. Press E to confirm the GOTO waypoint page.

Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to WaypointsDuring panning, the crosshair represents a target

position right on the Map Page, with the range andbearing to the target displayed at the top corners of thescreen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark anew waypoint position or as a GOTO destination rightfrom the map field.

To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:

1. Press M.

2. Enter a name and/or route number, and press E.

37

You may custom tailor theMap Page to show way-points by any of threeoptions.

REFERENCE

WaypointDisplay &

Marking Cursor

Marking a CursorPosition

To mark a new waypointwith the crosshair, simplypan to the desired positionand press the MARK key.


Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.)You can also use the target crosshair as an instant

GOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOBmode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set acourse for a new waypoint called ‘MAP’.

To go to the target crosshair:

1. Press G, and press E.

To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename itbecause it will be overwritten with the next GOTO.

To stop the panning function:1. Press Q.

Accessing Map Setup/Track Setup WindowsYou can access two additional pages—the map

setup page and the track setup page—by highlightingthe ‘CFG’ field at the top right of the Map Page, andpressing E. The map setup and track setup windowwill appear, ready for you to select one.

To select map setup or track setup:

1. Highlight either option, and press E.

Map Setup Page and OrientationThe map setup page lets you select the Map Page

and satellite sky view (see pg. 38) orientation, as well asspecify what items are displayed. The Map and SatellitePages may be oriented to ‘NORTH UP,’ ‘TRACK UP’ (thedirection of current travel), or ‘DTK UP’ (desired trackup, or the direction of travel to stay on course). Thedefault setting is track up.

To change the map orientation:

1. Highlight the ‘map’ field, and press E.

2. Select the desired orientation, and press E.

Note: Selecting the ‘DTK UP’ option will set thesatellite sky view to track up orientation.

The rest of the map setup page lets you specify whatitems are displayed or plotted on the Map Page byselecting ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ in the appropriate field.

• ’Rings’— displays the three present position rangerings on the map.

• ’Route’— plots the straight-leg lines between way-points of an active route and displays allroute waypoint names.

Using Cursor &Map Setup

REFERENCE

38

The ‘CFG’ field givesaccess to the map setupand track setup pages,right from the Map Page.

The Map Page’s defaultscreen orientation is trackup. “Track Up” meansthat your current directionof travel is always up (ortowards the top of) thescreen. It can also be setfor north up or desiredtrack up orientation.


Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)

• ’Nearest’— shows the nine nearest waypoints to yourposition (black diamond) on the map.

• ’Names’— displays the waypoint name for the ninenearest waypoints.

• ’Track Log’— displays and plots track points on themap.

To turn a map item on or off:

1. Highlight ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ for the specific map item, andpress E.

Track Setup PageThe track setup page lets you manage the GPS

12XL’s track log data. You can also select whether torecord a track log and define how it is recorded.

To turn the track log on or off:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, and press E.

2. Select ‘OFF, FILL, or WRAP’, and press E. (Note:Turning the track recording off will prevent usingTracBack).

Track MethodThe stored track method determines how often

positions are stored in the track log. The default settingis automatic, which will store a track based on resolu-tion. This setting gives the most efficient use of trackmemory and provides the best TracBack route.

To change the method to record points based ona specific time interval:

1. Highlight the ‘METHOD’ field, and press E.

2. Select ‘TIME INTERVAL’, and press E twice.

3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and press E.

Track Log DisplayThe track log option sets the number of points the

unit will attempt to display on the Map Page. Thedefault setting of 250 points provides good resolutionwith minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is1024 points. Once you’ve reached the maximum num-ber of track points, the older points will be lost as newpoints are added. Note that adjusting the track pointsdisplayed will not affect whether the receiver records atrack log or the ability to create a TracBack route.

39

Use the track setup pageto control the way the GPS12XL manages your tracklog.

REFERENCE

Map & TrackSetup

Entering a time interval into the track recording cri-teria will plot your posi-tion points further apartthan they would be in the‘Automatic’ setting. Thiswill increase the distanceyou can travel withoutusing up your track log,but will greatly reduce theeffectiveness of TracBack.


Managing and Clearing the Track LogThe rest of the track setup window displays the per-

centage of available memory currently used to storetrack log data, as well as function fields to clear thetrack log memory and activate the TracBack feature.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, and press E.

2. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press E.

Note: It’s a good idea to clear the track log at theend of the trail head, etc., in order to make the best useof the TracBack feature.

Menu PageThe GPS 12XL’s Menu Page provides access to addi-

tional pages (submenus) that are used to select and cus-tomize operation and navigation setup. These eightpages are divided into categories by function. We’vealready gone over the waypoint and route managementpages in their respective sections. Let’s review the rest ofthese pages in the order they appear on the Menu Page.

To select a submenu page from the Menu Page:

1. Highlight the page, and press E.

2. To return to the Menu Page, press Q.

Distance and Sun CalculationsThe distance and sun calculation page will give you

the distance and bearing between any two waypoints orbetween your present position and a waypoint. It willalso calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for aparticular date at either your present position or anystored waypoint.

To perform a distance and sun calculation:

1. Highlight the ‘FROM’ field, enter the desired waypoint,and press E.

2. Highlight the ‘TO’ field, enter the destination waypoint,and press E.

3. The ‘DATE’ field will become highlighted. Enter thedate you’ll arrive at your destination, and press E.

If you haven’t marked your present position as awaypoint or you leave the ‘TO’ field blank, the sunriseand sunset at your present position will be shown.

Track Log &Distance/SunCalculation

REFERENCE

40

Clear the track log anytime your screen gets clut-tered or to make moreroom to store points to beused for a TracBack.

The GPS 12XL will calcu-late the sunrise and sunsettimes of any stored way-point or your present posi-tion. To calculate, enterthe date and year andpress ENTER.


System SetupThe system setup page is used to select the operat-

ing mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS12XL has two operating modes:

• Normal Mode operates the unit at maximumperformance, and provides battery life of up to 12hours on alkaline batteries.

• Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unitwithout acquiring satellites, and is ideal for prac-ticing or entering waypoints and routes while athome.

To select an operating mode:

1. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press E.2. Select a mode, and press E.

Date and Time SetupThe date and time is located directly below the

mode field. Note: Date and time information is derivedfrom the GPS satellites and cannot be changed by theuser. Because the time shown is UTC (Greenwich meantime) time, you will need to enter a time offset to dis-play the correct local time for your area. To determinethe time offset for your area, note your position andrefer to the chart in Appendix C.

To enter the time offset:

1. Highlight the ‘OFFSET’ field, and press E.

2. Enter the time offset, and press E.

Note: Move the cursor to the left to change the plusor minus sign.

Time FormatThe time display shown on the system setup and

Position Pages may be set to display the time in a 12-or 24-hour format.

To select the time format:

1. Highlight the ‘HOURS’ field, and press E.

2. Select 12- or 24-hour display, and press E.

41

The GPS 12XL’s two oper-ating modes are accessedthrough the system setupsubmenu.

REFERENCE

Date & TimeSetup

To display the correctlocal time, you must enterthe appropriate offsetfrom the chart at the endof Appendix C.


Screen Contrast

The GPS 12XL has adjustable screen contrast con-trolled by an on-screen bar scale.

To set the screen contrast:

1. Highlight the ‘CONTRAST’ field, and press E.

2. Adjust the bar scale to the desired contrast, and pressE.

Note: The screen contrast can also be adjusted bypressing the rocker keypad while on the Satellite Page(see pg. 11).

Backlighting TimerThe screen backlight timer is adjustable for 15, 30,

60, 120, or 240 seconds. The timer also may be set tothe ‘Stay On’ setting for continuous use. Wheneverbacklighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on theSatellite Page.

To set the backlight timer:

1. Highlight the ‘light timeout’ field, and press E.

2. Select the desired setting, and press E.

3. To turn lighting on and off, press the B briefly.

Tone Setting

The GPS 12XL allows you to choose a tone for mes-sages only, messages and keystrokes, or no tone settingat all.

To set the tone:

1. Highlight the ‘TONE’ field and press the E key.

2. Select the desired setting and press E.

Screen Contrast& Backlighting

REFERENCE

42

The “Stay On” setting willkeep your backlighting oncontinuously. However,this will significantlyreduce your battery life.

The tone setting has threeoptions to customize it toyour preference.


Navigation SetupThe navigation setup submenu page is used to

select units of measurement for position formats, mapdatums, CDI scale, units, and heading information.

Position FormatsThe default position format for the GPS 12XL is lat-

itude and longitude in degrees and minutes(hdddºmm.mmm’). You may also select degrees, min-utes and seconds (hdddºmm’ss.s’’); degrees only(hddd.dddddº); UTM/UPS coordinates; or British,German, Irish, Maidenhead, Swedish, Swiss, or Taiwan,or User grid formats.

To select a position format:

1. Highlight the ‘POSITION FRMT’ field, and press E.Select the desired setting, and press E.

User Grid Position FormatThe user grid option lets you create a user defined

position format by establishing factors such as longi-tude of origin, scale, and false Easting or Northing.

To define a user grid:1. Select ‘User Grid’, and press E. Enter values for

longitude origin, scale, and false Easting andNorthing, and press E. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, andpress E.

Map DatumsThe ‘MAP DATUM’ field comes with a WGS 84

default setting. Although 106 total map datums areavailable for use (see Appendix D for map datums),you should only change the datum if you are usingmaps or charts that specify a different datum thanWGS 84.

To select a map datum:

1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press E.


43

The position format maybe set to display yourchoice of many formats.Note: degree and minutesis the default setting.

REFERENCE

NavigationSetup

The default map datumcovers world-wide naviga-tion. However, if you areusing a paper map orchart which uses a differ-ent map datum that WGS84, then you may wish toswitch to that datum.


Map Datums (continued)To define a user datum:

1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press E.

2. Scroll through the map datum options until ‘User’appears, and press E.

3. Enter values for ‘DX’, ‘DY’, ‘DZ’, ‘DA’, and ‘DF’ using therocker keypad, and press E.

4. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press E. The setup menuwill reappear.

CDI Scale SettingsThe course deviation indicator (CDI) field lets you

select the +/- range of the CDI bar scale on the HighwayPage. Three scales are available: +/- 0.25 (default), 1.25,and 5.0 miles or kilometers. Note: This CDI value rep-resents the full deflection of scale to either side.

To enter a CDI scale setting:

1. Highlight the ‘CDI SCALE’ field, and press E.


Units of MeasureThe GPS 12XL lets you select statute (default), nau-

tical, or metric units of measure for all “speed” and “dis-tance” fields.

To change the unit of measure:

1. Highlight the ‘UNITS’ field, and press E.

2. Select the desired unit of measure, and press E.

Magnetic Heading ReferenceThe GPS 12XL’s heading information can be dis-

played referencing magnetic north (automatic or user-defined), true north, or calculated grid headings. Thedefault setting is automatic magnetic north, which issuitable for most applications.

To select a heading reference:

1. Highlight the ‘HEADING’ field, and press E.

2. Select the desired heading preference, and pressE.

To enter a user-defined magnetic heading:

. 1. Select ‘User Mag’ and press E.

2. Enter the degrees and direction of magnetic variation,and press E.

Datums, CDISettings, &

Measurement

REFERENCE

44

The user datum featureallows you to define theearth model used to calcu-late position coordinates.

WARNING: Incorrectentries may result in sub-stantial position errors.

To enter a user-definedmagnetic variation, selectthe ‘User Mag’ option andenter the desired directionand value.


Interface SetupThe GPS 12XL’s interface page lets you specify the

formats for connecting external devices. There are sixoptions: GRMN/GRMN, None/None, RTCM/None,RTCM/NMEA, NMEA/NMEA, and None/NMEA. Eachoption lists the input format first, followed by the out-put format.

To select I/O format:1. Highlight the I/O field, and press E.


The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary formatthat lets you exchange information such as waypoints,routes, and track logs between two GARMIN GPS unitsor a GARMIN GPS and a PC. There are eight datatransfer options: send alm, send wpt, send trk, sendrte, request alm, request wpt, request trk, request rte.

To select a transfer option:1. Highlight ‘HOST’, and press E.

2. Select a desired setting, and press E.

To disable all interfacing capabilities, select theNone/None setting. If you want to output NMEA datawithout any differential input capability, select‘None/NMEA.’

DGPS InterfaceThe last two format settings allow the differential-

ready GPS 12XL to accept RTCM DGPS corrections inRTCM 104 version 2.0 format. Using DGPS correctionswill improve receiver accuracy to 1-5 meters, regardlessof errors induced by the government’s SelectiveAvailability (SA) program. Two RTCM options are avail-able: RTCM/NONE, which allows connection to a bea-con receiver with no output capability; andRTCM/NMEA, which allows DGPS input and NMEAoutput.

Once a RTCM setting has been selected, the GPS12XL will either automatically try to tune the last fre-quency and bit rate you selected or will switch to thedefault frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100bps if no previous beacon has been tuned. You mayalso enter your own frequency and bit rate if desired.

45

Choose an interfaceoption based upon whatequipment you are usingto transfer information.

REFERENCE

Interface Setup& DGPS

Once the RTCM option isselected the GPS 12XLwill automatically tuneitself or display a defaultfrequency.


DGPS Interface (continued)To enter a DGPS beacon frequency:

1. Highlight the ‘FREQ’ field, and press E.

2. Enter the desired frequency, and press E.

3. Highlight the ‘RATE’ field, and press E.

4. Select the desired transmission rate, and press E.

When the GPS 12XL is receiving DGPS correctionsfrom the GBR 21, the ‘BEACON RECVR’ section of theI/O setup page will display the beacon frequency andsignal strength, as well as the distance from the trans-mitter to the beacon receiver. At the bottom of the bea-con receiver field, a status message will keep youinformed of DGPS activity:

• A ‘Tuning’ message will be displayed while a bea-con signal is being tuned.

• Once the beacon signal has been tuned, a‘Receiving’ message will be displayed.

• If a beacon signal is tuned and no corrections arebeing received, a ‘No Data’ message will be dis-played.

• If a beacon signal cannot be tuned, a ‘No Status’message will be displayed.

The message page will alert you to any problemsrelating to DGPS operation. You may also monitor theDGPS status from the status field on the interface page.The GPS 12XL will display one of three alert messagesconcerning DGPS operation:

No DGPS Position— there is not enough dataavailable to compute a DGPS position.

No RTCM Input— the beacon receiver is notproperly connected or the baud rates do not match.

RTCM Input Failed— DGPS data was beingreceived but has been lost.

DGPS Interface

REFERENCE

46

The selectable baud rate isavailable for all RTCMinterface options.

Alert messages will signalany problems with DGPSoperation.


Navigation SimulatorThe GPS 12XL’s simulator mode lets you practice all

aspects of its operation without active satellite acquisi-tion. You can plan and practice trips, enter new way-points and routes, and save them for use during nor-mal operation.

To activate the simulator:

1. From the Menu Page, highlight ‘SYSTEM SETUP’, andpress E.

2. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press E.

3. Select ‘Simulator?’, and press E.

Once the simulator mode has been activated, usethe Position, Compass, or Highway Page to set yourspeed and track by highlighting the appropriate field,entering the desired value, and pressing E. Youmay also enter a new position if you desire (from thePosition Page).

The GPS 12XL does not track satellites in simu-lator mode. Although you can create and savewaypoints and routes while using the simula-tor mode, never attempt to use the simulatormode for actual navigation.

47

Select the simulator modefrom the operation modechoices and press ENTER.You may return to normaloperation by changing theoperation mode or byturning the unit off.

REFERENCE

NavigationSimulator

!#


Initializing Your GPS 12XL for First-Time UseThe GPS 12XL typically acquires a position so fast

that initialization is completed automatically. However,initialization will be necessary for the following:

• After memory loss

• When the receiver has been moved more than500 miles with the power off.

Additionally, it may be necessary to initialize theunit the first time you use it, if it does not acquire a fixin a few minutes.

The receiver is shipped from the factory inAutoLocate™ mode, which enables the GPS 12XL todetermine its location anywhere in the world. To speedup the initialization process, we recommend using thegraphic initialization described below, which will usual-ly provide a fix in a few minutes.

To turn the GPS 12XL on:

1. Press and hold B until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will be displayed while the unitconducts a self test.

Once testing is complete, the welcome page will bereplaced by the Satellite Page, with the EZinit promptready for you to select one of two initializationmethods:

•Select Country––allows you to initialize thereceiver by selecting your present position from alist of countries in the GPS 12XL’s internal data-base. This usually provides a position fix in a fewminutes.

•AutolocateTM ––allows the GPS 12XL to initializeitself and calculate a position fix without knowingyour present position. This usually provides a posi-tion fix in 3-5 minutes.

If the EZinit prompt has not automaticallyappeared on the Satellite Page:

1. Press the E key.

Note: If the EZinit prompt ever appears after youhave initialized the receiver (due to the antenna’s viewof satellites being obstructed by trees, etc.), highlightthe ‘NO RE-INIT’ selection with the arrow keypad andpress E.

Initialization

APPENDIX A

48

Welcome Page

The EZinit prompt willautomatically appear ifthe receiver needs to beinitialized. The promptmay also appear duringnormal use if the antennais shaded.


To initialize the receiver:

1. If the ‘COUNTRY’ option is not highlighted, press theD key repeatedly to move the field highlight to the‘COUNTRY’ option.

2. Press the E key.

3. Use theD key to scroll through the list options untilthe country of your present position appears.

4. Use theU key to highlight the country/state/region you’re in. If the country you’re in is not listed, selectanother country within 500 miles of your presentposition.

5. Press E to finish.

The GPS 12XL will now begin searching for theappropriate satellites for your location and shouldacquire a position within 3-5 minutes. You can verifythat you have acquired a position by watching theSatellite Page transition to the Position Page (providedyou haven’t pressed any other buttons) or by lookingfor a ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ status at the top-left cornerof the Satellite Page.

Initialization TroubleshootingIf you have trouble initializing the receiver or

acquiring a position, check the following:

• Does the unit have a clear view of the sky?

If there are large buildings or mountains nearby, orif there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not bereceiving enough satellite signals to calculate aposition.

• Have you selected the right country/state/regionfrom the EZinit list?

Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on thePosition Page, or reselect the appropriate countryfrom the list to restart the initialization.

• Have you moved more than 500 miles from thelast calculated position with the receiver off?

Reinitialize the receiver, selecting the country/state/region of your new location from the EZinit list.

Your unit should now be initialized.

49

Use the arrow keypad tohighlight the country,region, or state of yourpresent position from thelist and press ENTER. Ifthe country is not listed,select the closest countryinstead.

APPENDIX A

Initialization


Specifications &Wiring

APPENDIX B

50

Never attempt any repairs yourself. To protect your GPS 12XL,keep it in its carrying case when not in use, and never allow gaso-line or other solvents to come into contact with the case. Clean thecase and lens with a soft cloth and a household window cleaner.

PHYSICAL

Case: waterproof*

Size: 14.6 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm

Weight: Approx 9.5 ounces (269g) w/ batteries

Temperature Range: 5º to 158ºF (-15º to 70ºC)

PERFORMANCE

Receiver: 12 parallel channel, differential-ready

Acquisition Time: Approx. 15 seconds (warm start)

Approx. 45 seconds (cold start)

Approx. 5 minutes (AutoLocateTM)

Update Rate: 1/second, continuous

Position Accuracy: 1-5 meters (3-17 ft.) with DGPS corrections**

15 meters (49 ft.) RMS***

Velocity Accuracy: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

Dynamics: 6g

POWER

Input: Four 1.5 volt AA batteries or 10-32 vDC

Power Consumption: 1 watt

Battery Life: Up to 12 hours (with 4 AA batteries)

Internal Backup: lithium battery

NOTE: Alkaline batteries lose a significant amount of their capacity as temperature decreas-es. If you’re using the GPS 12XL in below freezing temperatures, use lithium batter-ies for longer battery life. Extensive use of screen backlighting will significantlyreduce battery life.

Specifications subject to change without notice.* Meets IEC (European Community Specification) 529 IPX7 for protection against immersion for

30 minutes at a depth of 1 meter.** With optional DGPS Input.

*** Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the US DOD-imposed SelectiveAvailability Program.


APPENDIX B

Specifications &Wiring

DATA IN(WHITE)

POWER(RED)

GROUND(BLACK)

DATA OUT(BROWN)

Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS 12XL to an externalpower source or interface with another unit or PC:

• Cigarette Lighter Adapter— Allows connection to a 12-volt DC cigarettelighter plug. Part No. 010-10085-00.

• Data Transfer Cable— Allows data transfer between GARMIN GPS units. TheGPS 12XL is compatible with the following units: GPS 38/40/45/45XL, GPSII/II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL. Information that can be transferredincludes the almanac, waypoints, routes, and tracklog. However, waypointsymbols are only transferrable from or to units that support waypoint symbolssuch as the GPS II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL software version 3.01 orlater. Part No. 010-10142-00.

• PC Kit Interface Cable— PC interface cable with 9-pin ‘D’ serial data connec-tor. Part No. 010-10141-00.

The following interface formats are supported by the GPS 12XL for drivingthree NMEA devices:

unit view

NMEA 0180

NMEA 0182

NMEA 0183 version 1.5

Approved sentences:

GPRMB, GPRMC, GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRMM (map datum),PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB(beacon rec. control)

NMEA 0183 version 2.0

Approved sentences:

GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV,GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE,GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRME (estimated error),PGRMM (map datum), PSLIB(beacon receiver control)

DGPS corrections are accepted onRTCM-104 v. 2.1 format.

51


Messages &Time Offsets

APPENDIX C The GPS 12XL uses a flashing on-screen message indi-cator to alert you to important information. Whenever themessage indicator appears, press PAGE to view the mes-sage page. There are two types of messages: temporaryalerts and condition alerts. Temporary alerts are clearedfrom the message page after viewing, while conditionalerts remain until the condition has been resolved. Paycareful attention to all messages for your own safety.

Active WPT Can’t be Deletd—You have attempted to change the “active to” or “active from”waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes.

Accuracy has been Degraded—The accuracy of the GPS 12XL has been degraded beyond 500meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigationalsources to verify the position indicated.

Already Exists—The name you are entering already exists in the GPS 12XL’s memory.

Approaching—You are one minute away from reaching a destination waypoint.

Battery Power is Low—The batteries are low and should be replaced.

No DGPS Position—Not enough data is available to compute a DGPS position.

No RTCM Input—Beacon receiver is improperly connected or baud rates do not match.

Poor GPS Coverage—The GPS 12XL cannot acquire the necessary number of satellites to com-pute a position. Try another location with a clearer view of the sky.

Power Down and Re-init—The GPS 12XL is not able to calculate a position due to abnormalsatellite conditions. Turn the unit off and verify the last position shown by other means. Try theunit again later, possibly in a different location.

PROX Alarm—You have entered the alarm circle for a specific proximity waypoint.

Proximity Overlapped—The alarm circles of two proximity waypoints overlap which couldcause difficulty in monitoring distances to each waypoint.

Proximity Wpt can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is listed as a proximi-ty waypoint and must be removed from the list before it can be deleted.

Read Only Mem has Failed—The permanent memory has failed and the unit is not operable.

Received an Invalid WPT—A waypoint was received during upload transfer that has aninvalid identifier.

Receiver has Failed—A failure in receiver hardware has been detected. If this message persists,do not use the unit and take it to an authorized dealer for repair.

Route is Full—You have attempted to add more than 30 waypoints to a route.

Route is not Empty—You have attempted to copy into a route already in use.

Route Waypoint Can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is part of a route.Delete the waypoint from the route before removing it from memory.

Route Waypoint was Deleted—A route waypoint entered does not exist in the database andhas been deleted from the route

52


APPENDIX C

Messages &Time Offsets

RTCM Input has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiv-ing the beacon signal.

Searching the Sky—The GPS 12XL is in searching the sky for almanac data or the unit is inAutoLocateTM mode.

Stored Data was Lost—All waypoints, routes, time and almanac data has been lost due tobattery failure or clearing the receiver’s memory.

Track Memory is Full—All track log points in memory have been used. You must eitherdelete the current tracklog or switch the record option to ‘WRAP’ which will begin erasing theoldest tracklog points as new ones are added.

Transfer has been Completd—The receiver is finished uploading or downloading informa-tion to the connected device.

WPT Memory is Full—You have used all 500 waypoints in the GPS 12XL. Delete unwantedwaypoints to make room for new entries.

Time Offset Chart

The table below gives approximate UTC time offset for various longitudinalzones. If you are in daylight savings time, add one hour to the offset.

Longitudinal Zone Offset Longitudinal Zone Offset

W180.0º to W172.5º -12 E007.5º to E022.5º 1

W172.5º to W157.5º -11 E022.5º to E037.5º 2

W157.5º to W142.5º -10 E037.5º to E052.5º 3

W142.5º to W127.5º -9 E052.5º to E067.5º 4

W127.5º to W112.5º -8 E067.5º to E082.5º 5

W112.5º to W097.5º -7 E082.5º to E097.5º 6

W097.5º to W082.5º -6 E097.5º to E112.5º 7

W082.5º to W067.5º -5 E112.5º to E127.5º 8

W067.5º to W052.5º -4 E127.5º to E142.5º 9

W052.5º to W037.5º -3 E142.5º to E157.5º 10

W037.5º to W022.5º -2 E157.5º to E172.5º 11

W022.5º to W007.5º -1 E172.5º to E180.0º 12

W007.5º to E007.5º 0

53


Map Datums

APPENDIX D

54

The following list shows the map datums available forthe GPS 12XL. Menu abbreviations are listed first, fol-lowed by the corresponding map datum name and area.The default map datum for the GPS 12XL is WGS 84.

Adindan Adindan- Ethiopia, Mali,Senegal, Sudan

Afgooye Afgooye- Somalia

AIN EL ABD ‘70 AIN EL ANBD 1970- BahrainIsland, Saudi Arabia

Anna 1 Ast ‘65 Anna 1 Astro ‘65- Cocos Isl.

ARC 1950 ARC 1950- Botswana,Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland,Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

ARC 1960 ARC 1960- Kenya, Tanzania

Ascnsn Isld ‘58 Ascension Island ‘58-Ascension Island

Astro B4 Sorol Astro B4 Sorol Atoll- TernIsland

Astro Bcn “E” Astro Beacon “E”- Iwo Jima

Astro Dos 71/4 Astro Dos 71/4- St. Helena

Astr Stn ‘52 Astronomic Stn ‘52- MarcusIsland

Astrln Geod ‘66 Australian Geod ‘66-Australia, Tasmania Island

Astrln Geod ‘84 Australian Geod ‘84-Australia, Tasmania Island

Austria Austria

Bellevue (IGN) Efate and Erromango Islands

Bermuda 1957 Bermuda 1957- BermudaIslands

Bogata Observ Bogata Obsrvatry- Colombia

Campo Inchspe Campo Inchauspe- Argentina

Canton Ast ‘66 Canton Astro 1966- PhoenixIslands

Cape Cape- South Africa

Cape Canavrl Cape Canaveral- Florida,Bahama Islands

Carthage Carthage- Tunisia

CH-1903 CH 1903- Switzerland

Chatham 1971 Chatham 1971- ChathamIsland (New Zealand)

Chua Astro Chua Astro- Paraguay

Corrego Alegr Corrego Alegre- Brazil

Djakarta Djakarta (Batavia)- SumatraIsland (Indonesia)

Dos 1968 Dos 1968- Gizo Island

(New Georgia Islands)

Easter Isld 67 Easter Island 1967

European 1950 European 1950- Austria,Belgium, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Gibraltar,Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland

European 1979 European 1979- Austria,Finland, Netherlands,Norway, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland

Finland Hayfrd Finland Hayford- Finland

Gandajika Base Gandajika Base- Republic ofMaldives

Geod Datm ‘49 Geodetic Datum ‘49- New Zealand

Guam 1963 Guam 1963- Guam Island

Gux 1 Astro Gux 1 Astro- GuadalcanalIsland

Hjorsey 1955 Hjorsey 1955- Iceland

Hong Kong ‘63 Hong Kong ‘63- Hong Kong

Hu-Tzu-Shan Taiwan

Indian Bngldsh Indian- Bangladesh, India,Nepal

Indian Thailand Indian- Thailand, Vietnam

Indonesia ‘74 Indonesia 1974- Indonesia

Ireland 1965 Ireland 1965- Ireland

ISTS 073 Astro ISTS 073 ASTRO ‘69- Diego Garcia

Johnston Island Johnston Island KandawalaKandawala- Sri Lanka

Kerguelen Islnd Kerguelen Island, Kandawala, Sri Lanka

Kertau 1948 Kertau 1948- West Malaysia,Singapore

L. C. 5 Astro Cayman Brac Island

Liberia 1964 Liberia 1964- Liberia

Luzon Mindanao Luzon- Mindanao Island

Luzon Philippine Luzon- Philippines (excluding Mindanao Island)


Mahe 1971 Mahe 1971- Mahe Island

Marco Astro Marco Astro- Salvage Island

Massawa Massawa- Eritrea (Ethiopia)

Merchich Merchich- Morocco

Midway Ast ‘61 Midway Astro ‘61- Midway

Minna Minna- Nigeria

NAD27 Alaska North American 1927- Alaska

NAD27 Bahamas North American 1927- Bahamas (excluding SanSalvador Island)

NAD27 Canada North American 1927-Canada and Newfoundland

NAD27 Canal Zone North Am. 1927- Canal Zone

NAD27 Caribbn North American 1927-Caribbean (Barbados, CaicosIslands, Cuba, Dom. Rep.,Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Leeward and Turks Islands)

NAD27 Central North American 1927-Central America (Belize, CostaRica, El Salvador, Guatemala,Honduras, Nicaragua)

NAD27 CONUS North Am. 1927- Mean Value

NAD27 Cuba North American 1927- Cuba

NAD27 Grnland North American 1927- Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)

NAD27 Mexico N. American 1927- Mexico

NAD27 San Sal North American 1927- SanSalvador Island

NAD83 North American 1983- Alaska,Canada, Central America,CONUS, Mexico

Nhrwn Masirah Nahrwn- Masirah Island(Oman)

Nhrwn Saudi A Nahrwn- Saudi Arabia

Nhrwn United A Nahrwn- United ArabEmirates

Naparima BWI Naparima BWI- Trinidad andTobago

Obsrvtorio ‘66 Observatorio 1966- Corvo and Flores Islands (Azores)

Old Egyptian Old Egyptian- Egypt

Old Hawaiian Old Hawaiian- Mean Value

Oman Oman- Oman

Ord Srvy GB Old Survey Grt Britn-England, Isle of Man,Scotland, Shetland Isl., Wales

Pico De Las Nv Canary Islands

Potsdam Potsdam-Germany

Ptcairn Ast ‘67 Pitcairn Astro ‘67- Pitcairn Is

Prov S Am ‘56 Prov So Amricn ‘56- Bolivia,Chile,Colombia, Ecuador,Guyana, Peru, Venezuela

Prov S Chln ‘63 Prov So Chilean ‘63- S. Chile

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands

Qatar National Qatar National- Qatar

Qornoq Qornoq- South Greenland

Reunion Reunion- Mascarene Island

Rome 1940 Rome 1940- Sardinia Island

RT 90 Sweden

Santo (Dos) Santo (Dos)- Espirito SantoIsland

Sao Braz Sao Braz- Sao Miguel, Santa Maria Islands (Azores)

Sapper Hill ‘43 Sapper Hill 1943- EastFalkland Island

Schwarzeck Schwarzeck- Namibia

Sth Amrcn ‘69 South American ‘69-Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad andTobago

South Asia South Asia- Singapore

SE Base Southeast Base- Porto Santo and Madiera Islands

SW Base Southwest Base- Faial,Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge andTerceira Islands (Azores)

Timbalai 1948 Timbalai 1948- Brunei and E.Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)

Tokyo Tokyo- Japan, Korea, Okinawa

Tristan Ast ‘68 Tristan Astro 1968- Tristan daCunha

Viti Levu 1916 Viti Levu 1916- Viti Levu/ FijiIslands

Wake-Eniwetok Wake-Eniwetok- Marshall Isl.

WGS 72 World Geodetic System 1972

WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984

Zanderij Zanderij- Surinam

APPENDIX D

Map Datums

55


AAcquisition Time . . . . . . .50Activating a Route . . . . . .28Active Route Page . . . . . .29Acquiring a position . . . . .48Alkaline batteries . . . . . . .50Altitude (ALT) . . . . . . . . .15AutoLocate™ . . . . . . . . . .48Average Speed (AVSPD) . .15

BBattery Installation . . . . . . .4Battery Level . . . . . . . . . .14Battery Life . . . . . . . . .4, 50

CCDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34, 44Cancelling a GOTO . . . . .10Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiCigarette Lighter Adapter .51Clearing Routes . . . . . . . .29Clearing the Track Log 11,40Compass Page .7, 10, 31, 33Configuring the Map Page 38Copying Routes . . . . . . . .29Course deviation indicator 44Course to Steer (CTS) . . .32Creating Routes . . . . . . . .28Crosstrack Error (XTK) . .32Customer Service Dept. . .59

DDGPS Interface . . . . . . . .45Date and Time . . . . . . . . .41Deleting Waypoints . . . . .22Distance/Sun Calculations 40

EEZinit . . . . . . . . . . . .13, 48Editing Routes . . . . . . . . .30Elapsed Time (ELPSD) . . .15Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14Est. Time Enroute (ETE) .32Est. Time of Arrival (ETA) 32European Community Spec50

GGOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Getting Started Tour . . . . . .8Going To a Waypoint . . . . .9Graphic heading display . .15Graphic steering . . . . . . .34

HHighway Page . . . . . .31, 34

II/O format . . . . . . . . . . . .45Initializing . . . . . . . . . . . .48Interface Setup . . . . . . . . .45Inverting a Route . . . . . . .28

Index

APPENDIX E

56


MMag. Heading Reference . .44Man Overboard Function .23Map Cursor . . . . . . . . . . .37Map Datums . . . . . . .43, 54Map Orientation . . . . . . .38Map Page . . . . . . . . .7, 9, 35Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .38Marking a Position . . . . . . .8Maximum Speed . . . . . . .16Maximum Speed (MXSPD)15Menu Page . . . . . . . . . .7, 40Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

NNMEA Formats . . . . . . . . 51Navigating Routes . . . . . .28Navigation Page . . . . . .7, 31Navigation Setup . . . . . . .43Nearest Waypoints . . . . . .18

OOn-Route GOTOs . . . . . .30Operating modes . . . . . . .41

PPC Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . .i, 51Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Position Accuracy . . . . . .50Position Averaging . . . . . .17Position Formats . . . . . . .43Position Page . . . . . . . .6, 15Power and Data Cables . . .51

Pre-defined waypoints . . .27Primary Pages . . . . . . . . . .6Proximity Waypoints . . . .19

RReceiver Status . . . . . . . . .13Reference Waypoints . . . .20Renaming Waypoints . . . .22Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Routes

Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . .29Copying . . . . . . . . . . . .29Creating . . . . . . . . . . . .28Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Inverting . . . . . . . . . . .28Navigating Routes . . . . .28On-Route GOTO’s . . . .30Route Definition Page . .27Route Navigation . . . . .26User-defined route . . . .27

SSatellite Page . . . . . . . .6, 12Scanning Waypoints . . . . .22Screen Backlighting . .14, 42Screen Contrast . . . . .11, 42Signal Strength Bars . . . . .12Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Sky View . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Specifications . . . . . . . . . .50System Setup . . . . . . . . . .41

57

APPENDIX E

Index


TTime Format . . . . . . . . . .41Time Offset . . . . . . . . . . .53TracBack Navigation . . . . .24TracBack Tips . . . . . . . . .25Track Log Display . . .24, 39Track Method . . . . . . . . .39Track Setup . . . . . . . . . . .39Trip Timer (TTIME) . . . . .15Troubleshooting . . . . . . . .49Turn (TRN) . . . . . . . . . . .32Trip odometer . . . . . . . . .15

UUnits of Measure . . . . . . .44User-defined route . . . . . .27User Grid . . . . . . . . . . . .43Using the Keypad . . . . . . .5Using the Position Page . . .9

VVelocity Made Good (VMG)32

WWarranty . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Waypoints

Comments . . . . . . . . . .21Definition Page . . . . . . .20Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . .22Going to a Waypoint . . . .9Nearest Waypoints . . . .18Pre-defined Waypoints .27Proximity Waypoints . . .19

Reference Waypoints . . .20Renaming . . . . . . . . . . .22Waypoint List . . . . . . . 19Waypoint Pages . . . . . .18Waypoint Symbols .21, 37

ZZooming . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Index

APPENDIX E

58


LIMITED WARRANTYGARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from

defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date ofpurchase. GARMIN will at its sole option, repair or replace any com-ponents which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement willbe made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The cus-tomer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This war-ranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unau-thorized alteration or repairs. GARMIN assumes no responsibility forspecial, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, or loss of use.

The warranties and remedies contained herein are exclusive andin lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied, including any lia-bility arising under warranty of merchantability or fitness for a par-ticular purpose, statutory or otherwise. This warranty gives you spe-cific legal rights, which may vary from state to state.

To obtain warranty service, call the GARMIN Customer Servicedepartment (913-397-8200) for a returned merchandise trackingnumber. The unit should be securely packaged with the trackingnumber clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sentfreight prepaid and insured to a GARMIN warranty service station. Acopy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof of purchasefor warranty repairs. GARMIN retains the exclusive right to repair orreplace the unit or software at its sole discretion.


© 1997 GARMIN Corporation

1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. - Unit 5, The Quadrangle,Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9AQ, UK

Part Number 190-00134-00 Rev. C Printed in Taiwan

®


gps 12xl manual rev c -...

Documents