governor control- copy
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GOVERNOR CONTROL SYSTEM
Prepared By : Kartik Fojdar, RIL !M!"
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Governor Control in Steam Turbine
# Governor Control systems are speed controlsystem of prime movers i.e. industrial steamturbines.
# Steam turbines are used to drive Compressors,fans, blowers, line shafts etc.
# Popular Woodward electronic Governor systems : $ WW 5!
$ WW 55
$ "icro#et 5! T"$.
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Types of Turbines
# Condensin% Type : &'haust pressure less than(T" pressure, lar%er in si)e and power output.
# *ac+ pressure Type: &'haust pressure eual ormore than (T" pressure.
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Types of Turbines
# &'traction Type : $ -ybrid of basic Condensate and bac+ pressure turbine.
$ &'tracted steam is used for some reuirement withinplant. Wor+s as pressure let down station.
# nduction Type : $ Turbine receives steam at intermediate sta%e, from by
product of some process in the plant. To %et additionalwor+ out of steam before it %oes to condensate.
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SITE WISE INSTALLATION SUMMARY
WOODWARD GOVERNOR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM INSTALLATION SUMMARY
SITE >> !T% &M! PM! !M! NM! VM! RELENE
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Speed controlled by G/0valve
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Governor 0alve
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Governor Control
# There are two basiccontrols:
$Speed control
$&'traction pressure
control
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Speed Control
# P1 control
# 2 speed inputs
# -SS bus
# 3oo2 /ST
# (ll speed sensor failure trip
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&'traction Pressure Control
# P1 control
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$emote speed control
# Speed control via remote set point. $emote setpoint is decided by e'ternal controller , whichcontrols process parameter 4say.. Suction /$dischar%e pressor of compressor
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&'traction Pressure Control
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&'traction "ap# -elps de6nin% -P valve v7s 8P valve relationship
# -elps to de6ne limits control must +eep turbine from e'ceedin%.
# "aps power output v7s steam 9ow
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$atio 8imiter
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$atio 8imiter
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LIMITER
Speed
*o+tro>>er ?i@+a>
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PCE1
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DCS
PLC
GOVERNOR
CONTROL
OVER SPEED
DETECTION
VIBRATION
TEMPSYSTEM
ANTISURGE
SYSTEM
ESD
MCC
LOCAL
PANEL
LOCAL
PANEL
CONTROL SYSTEMS BLOCK DIAGRAM02/21/16 21KBF
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S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0
Sta+dard reDire/e+t? are
3- GCS ?0oD>d 0a.e a ?peed @o.er+or, *o+tro> /e*0a+i?/,
@o.er+or *o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?"
1- Pri/ary D+*tio+ D+>e?? ot0eri?e ?pe*iied " ?0oD>d He
to /ai+tai+ t0e tDrHi+e ?peed at a ?et .a>De Hy re@D>ati+@
?tea/ >o t0roD@0 t0e tDrHi+e-
2- GCS ?0a>> He ?eparate a+d i+depe+de+t o a+y o.era>> ?y?te/
?D*0 a? !CS
6- % /D>titoot0ed ?Dra*e or ?peed ?e+?i+@ ?0a>> He pro.ided-
T0i? ?Dra*e /ay He ?0ared Hy t0e ?peed @o.er+or, o.er ?peed
trip ?y?te/ a+d ta*0o/eter
(- Mi+i/D/ o to ?peed ?e+?or? ot0er t0a+ t0e o.er ?peed
?d ?y?te/ ?e+?or? "
5- &i@0 ?i@+a> ?e>e*tio+ pro.i?io+;- O+e ?i@+a> ai>Dre ?0oD>d i+itiate a+ a>ar/ o+>y- T0e ai>Dre
o a>> e>e/e+t? ?0a>> i+itiate a ?0Dt do+-
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S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0
<- !e?i@+ ?0a>> i+*>Dde :
3- S>o ro>> *o+tro>1- *riti*a> ?peed Ha+d a.oida+*e
2- Ma+Da>>y a*ti.ated o.erride or te?ti+@ t0e o.er ?peed
?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/
- Go.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pro.ide or Hot0 ?>o ro>> typi*a>>y
6)) r/i+ to ()) r/i+" a+d ?tartDp D?i+@ t0e Go.er+or
*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?3)- Fai>Dre o t0e @o.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> i+itiate a tDrHi+e ?0Dtdo+-
33- %*ti.atio+ o a+y ?0Dtdo+ de.i*e ?0a>> *aD?e t0e
@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?" a+d t0e trip .a>.e?"*o/Hi+ed trip a+d
t0rott>e .a>.e ?" to *>o?e a+d i+itiate a ?i@+a> to *>o?e +o+retDr+ .a>.e?"-
31- ?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pre.e+t ope+i+@ o t0e trip .a>.e?" i t0e
@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?" are +ot D>>y *>o?ed
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S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0
32- Fai>Dre o t0e @o.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> i+itiate a tDrHi+e ?0Dtdo+-36- %*ti.atio+ o a+y ?0Dtdo+ de.i*e ?0a>> *aD?e t0e
@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?" a+d t0e trip .a>.e?"*o/Hi+ed trip a+d
t0rott>e .a>.e ?" to *>o?e a+d i+itiate a ?i@+a> to *>o?e +o+retDr+ .a>.e?"-
3(- ?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pre.e+t ope+i+@ o t0e trip .a>.e?" i t0e
@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?" are +ot D>>y *>o?ed
35- %dditio+a> /ode? o *o+tro>, ?D*0 a? *o+tro>>ed eAtra*tio+?0a>> He a?
?pe*iied Hy t0e pDr*0a?er-
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M+#o&%, 00
# T9#%% K%#&%'( +o&,"&& CPU +"#: Po!%# (*))' +"#: I/O +"#( & %"+9 o; ,9% 8%#&%'# R%*&"&, )o!%# (*))' *&,( ,o ,9% ,9#%% 8%#&%'(# D*)'+",% / T#)'+",% &)*,( %)%&& o& ,9% +#,+"',# S&'% / R%*&"&, o*,)*,( %)%&& o& ,9% +#,+"',
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DIO FTM
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M+#o&%, 00
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EG 10PEG 10P
; Is an electro-hydraulic transducer.
; Controls the oil fow to and rom the power piston.
; The action is through a polarized solenoid.
; Position o Actuator is directly proportional to the
input current o the solenoid coil.
Features
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EG 3P
; Is an electro-hydraulic transducer.
; Controls the oil fow to and rom the power piston.
; The action is through a polarized solenoid.
; Position o Actuator is directly proportional to the
input current o the solenoid coil.; Goes to the minimum uel i electric signal is
interrupted.
; il or the actuator is ta!en rom the enginelu"ricating the system or rom a separate sump.
; Can "e urnished with or without the dri#e shat.
Features
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TM 2LP
F',%# +'%"&&5
# T9% "+,*",o#( "#% (*))'% !,9 40 7+#o7%,%#( &o7&"' / -0 7+#o7%,%#(
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Mai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e?:
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TM 2LP
Re*o//e+ded S! /ai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e:
C>ea+i+@ o Dp ?trea/ i>ter? dDri+@ a+y opportD+ity-
Rep>a*e/e+t o a*tDator ater 6( year? a+d o.er0aD> t0ere/o.ed D+it to keep it a? ?pare-
Pro.i?io+ o 3) /i*ro+ dDa> i>ter i+ Dp ?trea/ o a*tator at J 3/
di?ta+*e-
GOV a+d ECV ?troke *0e*ki+@ ?y?te/ op .? *Drre+t oDtpDt
.? a*tDa> ?troke i+ //"
Mai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e?:
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Turbine Trip Parameters# "inimal two card failure
# (ll speed sensor fail
# T&5!2< &'traction temperature4-P side hi%h
# T&5!2= &'traction temperature48P side hi%h
# T&5!2> &'haust steam temperature hi%h
# Protech 32 /ver speed trip
# PS5!23 Turbine tripped pressure switch
# PS--5!2< &'haust pressure hi%h hi%h
# "icronet /ver speed trip
# -P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure
# P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure
# 8P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure
# 1i?erential Pressure P side too hi%h# 1i?erential Pressure -P side too hi%h
# Condensate level hi%h hi%h
# -" shutdown command
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/ver Speed Trip System
# Governor should trip beyond ma' allowablespeed.
# Three type of systems are used:
$ &/ST 4stand alone sys
$ &/ST 4Woodward
$ "/ST
# &/ST 4Woodward SP @ &/ST 4Stand alone sysSP @ "/ST SP.
# Separate sensors for Wood ward speed controland &/ST 4Stand alone sys. Three each.
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/ver Speed Trip System# Wood ward speed control and WW &/ST.
$ Three sensors in 6eld.
$ Ased for speed control SC as well as /ST.
$ -SS bus is used.
$ #o trip if two sensors fail. /nly alarm.
$ Trip if all three sensors fail. Woodward %enerates B"(/$ G/0D(8A$&E. Closes G/0 and send command to P8C to initiatetrip.
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/ver Speed Trip System
# Stand alone /S trip system 4Stand alone
&/ST.
$ Trip>i*ated, e>e*tro+i* prote*tio+ ?y?te/?
t0at are dedi*ated a+d ?eparate ro/
*o+tro> ?y?te/ Re : %PI 5;)"
$ Two types of system :
# Woodward Protect 32
# *# system.# Three separate sensors in 6eld.
$ Senses prime mover speed throu%hthree ma%netic pic+ups continuously.
$ (ctivates a trip relay when overspeed condition is detected.
$ Trip relays connected in 3oo2 lo%ic.
$ 1isplays actual speed from eachprobe.
$ /nline replacement of sin%le failed
unit.
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/ver Speed Trip System I MOST a+d ?ta+d a>o+e EOST eAi?t? '' OST /ay He de>eted ater
*o+?D>ti+@ OEM?-
!Dri+@ MOST te?t dDri+@ ?o>o rD+ ?etti+@ o EOST /ay He i+*rea?ed Hy
3) o.er MOST- EOST ?0oD>d +ot He Hypa??ed dDri+@ MOST te?t- Trip if all three sensors fail. Woodward %enerates B"(/$ G/0
D(8A$&E. Closes G/0 and send command to P8C to initiatetrip.
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Governor control
inpower plant
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n ustr a o%enerat on
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n ustr a o%enerat onSystem
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Combined Cycle
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G T bi
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Gas Turbine# Gas turbine is an en%ine that uses chemical ener%y of liuid
or %aseous fuel by internal combustion to produce hot 9ue%as. This hot 9ue %as e'pands and converts heat into rotary
mechanical ener%y.
# Gas turbine wor+s on the principle of $rayton cycle.
# There are three maFor parts of the %as turbine.
. Compressor
3. Combustion system
2. &'pander turbine
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rayton yc e as ur ne
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rayton yc e H as ur neCycle
# 3 isentropic compression
# 3 2 isobaric process, the compressed air then runsthrou%h a combustion chamber, where fuel is burned,heatin% that air
# 2 > isentropic e'pansion
# > isobaric process, heat reFection 4e'haust
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as ur ne oa
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as ur ne oaCommands# Gas turbine Duel ener%y Torue
# Generator Torue (mps
# There are two *rea+ers:
$ Generator brea+er, when closed connects all machines in droopmode.
$ Atility brea+er connects all the machines 4which are in droop
mode with the G$1. ncase of load variation, "W e'port7 importis done with the G$1.
# When utility brea+er opens , machines %et isolated from G$1, calledslandin% mode. (ny load variation is calculated I shared accordin%to Jdroop.
# f the Gas turbine starts in (AT/ with automatic synchroni)ationselected at the %enerator panel, the unit will automatically load to apoint +nown as BSP###G $&S&$0&E. ( nominal "W settin% used bythe control system as a reference in the absence of any other settin%.
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$ l f G i GTG
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$ole of Governor in GTG# Dor power plant application, Governor has followin%
roles: $ Partload: vary GT load wrt chan%e in freuency
as per the droop characteristic
$ Preselect: "aintain GT output at desired "W.
$ sochronous: maintain GT speed at constantlevel to maintain freuency.
$ *ase load: Generate ma'imum power withinlimit of Turbine7 Compressor parameters 4e.%.
comp inlet temp, comp dischar%e pressure, GTe'haust temp
$ &'ternal Control mode: "W output is maintainedas per e'ternal set point.
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P t l d / ti
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Partload /peration# Why this mode 41roopK
$ Without droop, if load increase, speed slows down.
$ The %overnor will increase the fuel until the en%ine speed returns to itsori%inal speed.
$ 1ue to combined property of nertia I Power la%, speed will increasebeyond its ori%inal speed settin%, causin% an o#ershoot.
$ #ow %overnor will decrease the speed to correct the overshoot, causin%an undershoot.
$ /vercorrection of speed in both directions 4instability will amplify untilthe en%ine trips
# -ence it necessary to stabili)e GTG when freuency chan%es%system sta"ility& without %oin% to oscillation.
# (nother advanta%e is load sharing
# 1roop speed control is a proportional control , in which fuel9ow in proportion to the di?erence between actual turbinespeed I the speed reference.
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1roop "ode
#1roop is Ja%e of the freuency chan%e reuired for a %overnorto move a unit from no load to full load or viceversa.
# 8ower the droop, more responsive a %eneratin% unit is tochan%es in freuency.
# $ecommended droopJ is '( to )(.
# ( minimum of 3.5J is reuired to maintain stability in a speeddroop %overnor.
# f all units have the same droop, all will share a load chan%eeually7 proportionally.
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1roop Governor
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1roop Governor# (ssume
$ /ne %enerator Anit L rated 5"W, synchroni)ed with Grid4%eneratin% capacity = "W.
$ The speed %overnor for Anit L will ta+e 5 M = or .<35Jof any load demand chan%es that should occur.
$ Anit L is currently %eneratin% 2N "W.
$ Grid operatin% at <. -)
$ (n increase in demand of 5 "W occurs
$ Anit L increase its power output by: 4.<35 45 O.235 "W. Anit L will %enerate O 2N.235 "W.
$ The other %enerators 4> J droop characteristic shares
proportionally the remainder of the load chan%e 4i.e. 5 "W .235 O >.!<=N5 "W.
$ When additional load of 5 "W came on the %rid, the systemfreuency would droop the followin% amount: <. 4.>4< 45 M =Q O <. .5 O 5!.!!=5 -)
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Preselect "ode
# Preselect: "aintain GT output at desired "W.# Preselect set point is provided by operator to Governor.
# When freuency chan%e occur "W chan%es as per thede6ned droop.
# Preselect mode brin%s bac+ "W output to de6ned "W setpoint at current freuency.
# To be used when our GTs are synchroni)ed with %rid supply4#ot runnin% on island mode. With chan%es in %ridfreuency, total power %eneration is maintained at 6'ed
internal demand level.
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sochronous "ode# Dorce the unit to maintain rated speed7freuency I provide as
much power as reuired up to the turbineRs 6rin% temperaturelimit 4temperature control.
# *asically this is a speed control mode. The isochronousmachine will respond to sustain system freuency at 5.-).
# Ased only durin% islanded operation.# sochronous %overnor is proportional plus reset controller.
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*ase load "ode# *ase load:
# Generate ma'imum power within limit of Turbine7Compressor parameters 4e.%. comp inlet temp, compdischar%e pressure, GT e'haust temp
# #o set point %iven for "W or freuency.
# Ased for optimi)in% the operation7 power.
# Ased durin% power import.
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8oad SelectionWhen selected
.Preselected
$ 8oads 7unloads until the preselected load output is attained.
/nce attained , fuel 9ow will be controlled to maintain that"W output until another load command is %iven or until a$aise or 8ower load command is %iven.
3.*ase load
$ 8oad 7 4unload from P&( at the normal loadin% rate until
the unit %oes on e'haust temperature control the unit is atits nominal rated power output for the ambient conditions.
Duel 9ow is re%ulated to provide the ma'imum power forthe ambient conditions without Bover6rin%E the machine.
$ (s ambient conditions chan%e, compressor inlettemperature, the unitRs power output will chan%e.
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8oad SelectionWhen selected
2. Pea+ load $ 8oad at the normal loadin% rate until the unit %oes on pea+e'haust temperature control
$ (s ambient conditions chan%e, compressor inlettemperature, the unitRs power output will chan%e.
$ Anit operates at a 6rin% temperature above its desi%nlimit, unit output is increased with a conseuent reductionin the machine maintenance intervals.
$ * hour o P+A, operation hours o $A/+operation.
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&'ternal control "ode.When selected
2. Pea+ load $ 8oad at the normal loadin% rate until the unit %oes on pea+e'haust temperature control
$ (s ambient conditions chan%e, compressor inlettemperature, the unitRs power output will chan%e.
$ Anit operates at a 6rin% temperature above its desi%nlimit, unit output is increased with a conseuent reductionin the machine maintenance intervals.
$ * hour o P+A, operation hours o $A/+operation.
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Than+ Uou
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1roop 0ersus sochronous
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1roop 0ersus sochronous
"ode # 01P
# "achine will react to the loadvariation by chan%in% itsspeed.
# t is utili)ed when multiplemachine run in parallel so that
load is shared between themachines.# Dor this sharin% to be eual
the machine need to havesame droop characteristic.
# Typically if a machine hasdroop of >J it means for a
chan%e of J in rated speedthe machine ta+es 35J of itsrated load. This is also referredto as load control mode ofoperation.
# I/C2134/
# "achine is not a?ectedby load and re%ardless of
load it will maintain thefreuency.
# This mode is also referredto as re5uency controlmode of operation.
# n case of systems not
connected to %rid it is
reuired to run at least onemachine in this mode so asto ta+e care of the load
variation.