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Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works
Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for Nepal
(UNDP/ ERRRP-Project: NEP/07/010)
Report of the Sensitization Program
on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness
in Pokhara
Target Group: Engineers and Sub‐Engineers
March 14, 2009
In association with
Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City and UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Prepared By: UNDP/ERRRP Project
April 2009
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 1
Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.0 Sensitization Outline ................................................................................................................. 3
2.0 Objective of the Program .......................................................................................................... 3
3.0 Participants ............................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 Time Duration ........................................................................................................................... 4
5.0 List of Resource Persons ........................................................................................................... 4
6.0 Program Proceeding ................................................................................................................. 4
6.1 Inauguration Session ............................................................................................................. 4
6.2 Technical Session / Presentations ......................................................................................... 6
6.3 Floor Discussions / Interactive Session ................................................................................. 8
7.0 Execution Arrangements........................................................................................................... 8
8.0 Closing Session .......................................................................................................................... 9
9.0 Output of the Program ........................................................................................................... 10
Appendix A: Detail Agenda of the Program .................................................................................. 11
Appendix B: Photographs ............................................................................................................. 12
Appendix C: Participant Registration List ..................................................................................... 14
Appendix D: Presentation Materials ............................................................................................. 15
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U N D P / E R R R P ‐ P r o j e c t 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my gratitude to all those, whose support enabled us to complete the
Sensitization Report on “Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness” for Engineers and Sub-
Engineers in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City and preparing report for the same.
We are grateful to Mr. Suresh Prakash Acharya, National Programme Director, UNDP/ERRRP-
Project and Joint Secretary, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, for providing us with
suggestions and guidance which has been a valuable organizing this program. We have
furthermore to thank to Mr. Madan Bhujel, Chief Executive Officer, Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan
City, Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola, Civil Engineer and focal person of UNDP/ERRRP Project from
Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City, Mr. Kishore Thapa, Resource Person and Secretary of Water and
Energy Commission Secretariat, Mr. Kishore Shakya, President, Nepal Engineers’ Associations,
who has confirmed and supported to go ahead with the program. We would like to thank to
members of Nepal Engineers Associations, Regional Centre - Pokhara, municipal technicians and
staff for coordinating all necessary activities that facilitated in the timely arrangement of the
programme
We would like to take this opportunity to extend sincere thanks to Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung,
President of Nepal Engineers’ Association (NEA), Pokhara Regional Centre, Mr. Hari Bahadur
Darlami, Member, Nepal Engineers Associations for coordinating all necessary activities that
facilitated in the timely arrangement of the programme.
We thank UNDP/ERRRP project team for their support on completion of the programme. Chandra Laxmi Hada
Project Engineer / Training Coordinator
UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Email: [email protected]
Amrit Man Tuladhar
Senior Divisional Engineer
Department of Urban Development and
Building Construction
and
National Programme Manager
UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Email: [email protected]
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Sensitization Report on “Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness for Engineers and Sub Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
U N D P / E R R R P ‐ P r o j e c t 2
Executive Summary
Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness (ERRRP) program was initiated by
UNDP/BCPR (Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery) with the support of government of
Japan. This being a National Implementation (NIM) project of UNDP, the implementation
responsibility of the project is Ministry of Physical Planning & Works, Department of Urban
Development & Building Construction (DUDBC). Therefore, UNDP/ERRRP project has been
continuously strengthening the Earthquake Risk Reduction Management capacity of its selected
municipalities in 5 development regions of Nepal since April 2008. The project focuses on
capacity building programme through training, sensitize people and giving awareness as well as
establishing linkages with partners at different levels for earthquake disaster mitigation to transfer
the technology of earthquake resistant construction to reduce the impact of potential earthquakes
and respond to disasters more effectively in Nepal.
Nepal is ranked 11th in terms of risk from earthquake according to BCPR report on disaster risk
Nepal experienced catastrophic damages in 1934 and 1988 earthquakes. As urbanization are
increasing day by day and the construction of the buildings haphazardly without considering
earthquake resistant factor. As of recent years, most of the uncontrolled building processes are
rapidly producing structures of unacceptable standard and prone to the risk of damage and
collapse under earthquake. Earthquake resistant building construction therefore is the challenge
before us. For a seismically vulnerable country like Nepal, to mitigate the problems due to pre
and post disaster, ERRRP focus on bottom-up approach in which house-owner, common people
and technical people becomes aware, have basic ideas on earthquake preparedness and convinced
on the need to make their residences safer against earthquake. This can be achieved only through
a massive awareness raising program which ERRRP has developed and is implementing
successfully.
Accordingly, with the joint effort of UNDP/ERRRP Project, Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City and
Nepal Engineers Association - Pokhara Regional Center had organized the half day Sensitization
program on “Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness” for Engineers and Sub-Engineers on
March 14, 2009 in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City. The objective of the PEA was done to
generate awareness among the technical people on engineering aspects of earthquakes and to
discuss the issues related to implementation of Nepal National Building Code (NBC).
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Sensitization Report on “Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness for Engineers and Sub Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
U N D P / E R R R P ‐ P r o j e c t 3
1.0 Sensitization Outline
The Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City, United Nation Development Programme / Earthquake Risk
Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for Nepal (UNDP/ERRRP) and Nepal
Engineers’ Association, Pokhara Regional Center jointly organized Sensitization Programme on
“Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness” for Engineers and Sub-Engineers on March 14,
2009 at Hotel Kantipur in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City. A total of seventy six participants
attended the workshop.
2.0 Objective of the Program
The main objective of the program is to generate earthquake awareness among the people and the
specific objectives are:
To sensitize and raise awareness among technical people from municipality, different
government organization, designers / consultants on engineering aspects of earthquakes
risks of Nepal.
To make technical people aware of earthquake risks and preparing for hazards in advance
of a disaster and as a long-term strategic effort.
To identify problems that hinder effective building code enforcement
To discuss the issues related to implementation of National Building Code – lessons
learned and way forward, local technology and professional ethics of technical persons.
To create understanding on taking necessary actions toward earthquake resilience
construction.
3.0 Participants The programme was attended by 76 people (engineers, sub engineers, media persons, and
municipal chief) from different government and non government organizations. The participants
were from Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City Office, Department of Urban Development and
Building Construction, Pokhara Valley Town Development Committee, Engineering Colleges,
District Technical Office, Silica Cement, Road Department, Sanitation Department, Water Supply
Department, Telecommunication Department, Senior Architects, Engineers from Private
Consultants, media persons & other government and non government organizations. Out of 76
participants, 1 was female participant and rests 75 were men attended the programme. In covering
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Sensitization Report on “Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness for Engineers and Sub Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
U N D P / E R R R P ‐ P r o j e c t 4
the gender issues, Bhramin = 28, Kshetris = 34, Janjati = 7, Madhesis = 2, Dalit = 5, were
attended in the program.
A list of participants’ details has been attached in Appendix C.
4.0 Time Duration The duration of the workshop period was half day which started from 1 pm till 4:30 pm and held
completely on March 14, 2009 at Hotel Kantipur in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City.
5.0 List of Resource Persons
The technical and overall coordination was provided by Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada, Project
Engineer and Training Coordinator of UNDP/ERRRP Project. The Resource Persons for the
training program were:
The Resource Persons for the training program were:
S. No Resource Person / Speaker Designation /Organization
1. Mr. Kishore Thapa Acting Secretary, Water and Energy Commission
Secretariat
2. Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada Project Engineer and Training Coordinator,
UNDP/ERRRP-Project
6.0 Program Proceeding
6.1 Inauguration Session At Inauguration, Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung, President of NEA Regional centre, Pokhara, Mr.
Kishore Thapa, Resource Person and Secretary of Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Mr.
Mukunda Sharma Paudel, President, Nepal Bar Association, Pokhara, Mr. Sarang Subedi, Vice
President, Nepal Bar Association, Pokhara, Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada, Project Engineer and
Training Coordinator of UNDP/ERRRP Project, Mr. Surendra Thapa, Advocate, Mr. Shyam Jee
Bastola, Civil Engineer and focal person of UNDP/ERRRP Project from Pokhara Sub
Metropolitan City, Mr. Hari Bahadur Darlami, Member of NEA, Mr. Bhuvaneswor Timilsina,
Vice President, NEA Regional Center Pokhara, municipal engineers, municipal technicians,
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engineers from Pokhara regional centre, media persons and participants from different
organizations were attended.
Mr. Om Sharma, Civil Engineer and member of Nepal Engineers’ Association, Pokhara Regional
Centre facilitated the master of ceremony.
Speaking at the program Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola delivered welcome address to the participants.
He shared the information of the ERRRP project activities carried out in Pokhara and its impact.
In his speech, he said earthquakes produce various damaging effects to the areas they act upon
such as damage to buildings and in worst cases the loss of human life.
Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada highlighted the program objectives. She mentioned about the program
is to develop a wider understanding of earthquakes and to contribute to increased knowledge of
earthquake risk reduction practices. She gave the brief information of ERRRP Project and its
activities carrying out in 5 programme municipalities. She highlighted that Nepal is one of the
countries where the earthquakes are frequent and sometimes very devastating. She shared with
appropriate risk reduction measures the destructions can be avoided. She focused in order to
reduce earthquake risk it is important to understand how earthquakes cause destruction, and how
such destruction can be prevented. She urged earthquake resistant building design and
construction therefore is the challenge before us. She expressed that capacity building program
through trainings and awareness program will help to reduce loss of life and property in future
earthquakes.
Mr. Kishore Thapa mentioned that Government of Nepal has been formally approved the Nepal
National Building Code in the year 2003. He gave reason behind the unable to implement the
building code in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City so far. He shared the challenges for building
code implementation in municipalities. He stressed the requirement of massive training as well as
dissemination including public awareness programme. He said the impact of earthquake on
livelihood of people can be reduced by measures such as adherence to earthquake resistant
building design and construction standards, proper planning, education and trainings. However
the risk is ever increasing as urbanization in developing countries is adding extra pressure on
building construction. He stressed that we need to generate the awareness about the earthquake
among the people so that people will cooperate with us to fully implement the building code.
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U N D P / E R R R P ‐ P r o j e c t 6
Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung, mentioned when a catastrophic disaster happens like the one in 1934
earthquake, it should serve as a reminder to look at our own disaster-preparedness plans. He
focused that the awareness program is very important step to translate the existing knowledge into
practice. He stressed the designers should use their professional judgment in the adoption of
appropriate design standards. He mentioned that Nepal Engineers Associations is always ready to
help in this disaster sector to mitigate and to make our country prosperous.
The detail agenda of the program has been attached in Appendix A.
6.2 Technical Session / Presentations
The format of the teaching was basically power point presentation by the resource person
followed by interactive discussion after the presentations. The awareness postures in Nepali on
preparedness and earthquake safe buildings developed by UNDP/ERRRP Project were distributed
to participants as reference. The presentations were made by the resource persons on the
following topics: (Refer Annex D)
Lecture Title Speaker Time
Sensitization on Engineering Aspects of Earthquakes,
Audio Visuals Demo Ar. Chandra Laxmi Hada 30 min
Engineers’ Role in Implementation of Nepal National
Building Code Ar. Kishore Thapa 30 min
Interactions / Participants View / Summary 20 min
Following topics were covered in the program:
Title: Sensitization on Engineering Aspects of Earthquakes:
Earthquake basics: The goal of this part is to make people aware about the impending earthquake
risk in Nepal and the region. It covers earthquake occurring areas, structure of earth, seismic
hazards in Nepal, effects of earthquake and measurement of earthquake.
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Causes of Structural Damage due to Earthquakes: It covers the reason due to improper
configuration, low strength, low ductility and improper connections
Improper Configuration: It covers Complex Shape (Torsion problem), Soft Story, Short
Column, Load Path, and Vertical Discontinuity.
Low strength: It covers Low strength material (Un-reinforced masonry wall),
Deterioration and Low quality construction.
Low Ductility: It covers Spacing of Stirrups and Lack of Vertical bars in masonry
building.
Improper connections: It covers Anchorage Failure of Beam and Shear Failure of Joint.
The goal of sensitization is to give tips on earthquake safe and unsafe buildings. It covers, what
makes a building weak or strong in general, and how to identify these weaknesses.
Non-structural Components: This part covers how building contents could create a risk and how
this risk can be mitigated.
Principles of EQ-Resistant Design:
Resist Earthquake of minor intensity without Damage
Sufficient strength to resist moderate Earthquake
Detailing the structure to ensure probability of collapse in severe earthquake
Title: Engineers’ Role in Implementation of Nepal National Building Code:
What is Building Code ?
Legislative framework
Building Construction Practice in Nepal
Hierarchy of Codes
Issues and Challenges
Major stakeholders and their roles
Way forward for effective implementation of building code
The course has covered in such a way that will increase awareness on earthquake resistant
construction of buildings and need of implementing building code in urban areas. During the
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presentations the need for adopting earthquake resistant technology was highlighted. Participants
were provided with IEC material for reference.
6.3 Floor Discussions / Interactive Session
There was active interaction after the presentation sessions. The floor was opened after the
presentations for discussion. Following points were brought forward during the interactive
session:
Public awareness is a key factor in effective disaster risk reduction.
Awareness on earthquake and cost issues needs to be disseminated.
Massive training including sensitization programme is necessary.
The knowledge and lessons of earthquake gained during the workshop need to
disseminate to our communities
Participants are expected to organize such awareness programme again jointly with NEA
and ERRRP Project.
Difference between building bylaws and building code.
Most of the participants suggested that the training given from ERRRP need to be focused
on all the designers/consultants rather on municipal engineers only.
The answer to queries was given by the resource person themselves.
7.0 Execution Arrangements
Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Ministry of Local
Development, UNDP/ERRRP project executed the programme in collaboration with Pokhara
Sub-Metropolitan City. Additionally the UNDP/ERRRP Project provide support to strengthen the
institutional, administrative, technical system for earthquake vulnerability reduction. The
Municipality provided support for the successful implementation of the programme.
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8.0 Closing Session
In concluding session, Mr. Om Sharma, Secretary of Nepal Engineers’ Association, Pokhara
Regional Centre facilitated the master of ceremony.
Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada mentioned that ERRRP project do efforts for implementation of Nepal
National Building Code consisted with two components: massive training to technicians about the
code, dissemination and public awareness raising program about earthquake resistant building
construction. She shared the information of incorporating the designers / consultants in training
program from different professional group. She shared that building code implementation has
been mandatory in all the municipalities however 4 out of 58 municipalities have initiated the
process. She said awareness raising and capacity buildings are interrelated tasks and features as
one of the key components for effective implementation of building code.
Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung mentioned buildings and structures are susceptible to the ravaging
devastation of earthquakes. He shared one of the most important physical traits of earthquake
safe buildings and structures are flexibility and a rigid structure will crumble and collapse during
the movement caused by an earthquake. He focused that the construction materials used in
buildings and structures can significantly help reduce the amount of damage caused during an
earthquake. He hoped that as advances in structural engineering are made and new construction
materials emerge, earthquake-safe buildings and structures may soon be a reality. He was very
hopeful to get the support from DUDBC and UNDP to strengthen the engineering society of
Pokhara. As the chairman of Society of Consulting Engineers, Pokhara, he suggested the
engineer’s professional to be very ethical and follow the building code in design process.
Mr. Mukunda Sharma Paudel, President, Nepal Bar Association, Pokhara, suggested that law
education need to be incorporated in engineering syllabus. There are certain rules and regulations
that have separated for the engineers on evaluating the land cost. So engineers need to have a
general knowledge on law, rules and regulations prevailing to professional practice.
Mr. Kishore Thapa stressed engineers need to be trained and build their capacity then only
municipalities can implement building code. He focused on need of organizing the program from
NEA, Pokhara regional centre on apartment act as apartment construction is going on in Birgunj,
Pokhara, Dharan and Kathmandu.
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9.0 Output of the Program
At the end of the sensitization program, the 76 participants from the Nepal Engineers’
Association, Pokhara Regional Centre
Were aware on earthquake safe construction of buildings
Sensitized on earthquake awareness among the technical people
Were informed to prepare community members for hazards in advance of a disaster and as
a long-term strategic effort.
Oriented on the need of incorporating earthquake resistant elements in new building
construction.
Build capacity to take initiations for earthquake disasters in their families and community
members.
Enhanced capacity to deliver helpful information to the community members.
Oriented on need of implementation of NBC for safer construction practices.
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Appendix A: Detail Agenda of the Program
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Appendix B: Photographs Inaugural and orientation to the objectives of the program
Paper Presentation by Resource Persons and Floor Discussions
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Closing Session
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Appendix C: Participant Registration List
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Appendix D: Presentation Materials
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For further information please contact:
AMRIT MAN TULADHAR Senior Divisional Engineer / National Programme Manager Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for Nepal (UNDP/ERRRP-Project:NEP/07/010) Department of Urban Development and Building Construction Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL Ph: (977‐1) 4262365 | Fax: (977‐1) 4262439 G.P.O. Box No. 26004, Kathmandu, NEPAL
email: [email protected] website: www.errrp.org.np