government hsa 8 landmark supreme court cases. protecting rights maintaining order
TRANSCRIPT
Marbury v. Madison• Election of 1800, Jefferson beat Adams
• Midnight Appointments not delivered• Marbury wanted “writ of mandamus”• S.C. Justice Marshall ruled ….– Judicial Review– Supreme Court has power to review actions and
laws of federal government– Court corrects conflicts with Constitution
McCulloch v. Maryland• 1816 Congress chartered Second Bank of U.S.
• MD passed law to tax the bank• McCulloch, owner of MD Bank refused to pay–Believed Congress had no right to make a
bank• Bank argued state tax interfered with bank
McCulloch v. Maryland• Bank argued state tax interfered with bank• S.C. Justice Marshall ruled….–“necessary and proper” clause made bank
OK• Implied Powers
–States could NOT tax federal banks•National Supremacy
Plessy v. Ferguson• 13th Amendment- Abolished Slavery
– Southern prejudiced laws “Jim Crow”• 1896 Homer Plessy bought train ticket• Sat in “White Section”, kicked off train• Sued for his rights• Supreme Court ruled….
–“Separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites– Justified Segregation in U.S.
Brown v. Board of
Education• Linda Brown, 8 year old girl–5 blocks v. 21 blocks–Leave for school 7:40, Arrive at school
9:00• Parents sued school district for unequal
rights
Brown v. Board of
Education• 14th Amendment Issue???• Supreme Court Ruled unanimously….–“Separate but equal” unconstitutional–Desegregation
–Decision spurred Civil Rights Movement–Ended Segregation of Public places
Gideon v. Wainwright
• Clarence Earl Gideon, penniless drifter• Broke into Florida Pool Hall• At trial, Gideon requested a lawyer
b/c he couldn’t afford one• Court denied Gideon a lawyer
Gideon v. Wainwright
• While in prison, Gideon wrote Supreme Court
• Court decided to hear case, and ruled…–ALL people have right to a lawyer–Gideon found innocent in retrial–Many other convicted were also set
free
Miranda v. Arizona• Ernesto Miranda • Arrested for
rape/kidnapping• Police questioned• Miranda
confessed• Found guilty, jail
Miranda v. Arizona• No one informed
Miranda of his rights • Court ruled police must
read 5th Amendment rights to all people arrested– Right to remain
silent..– Attorney…– Anything you say…
Tinker v. Des Moines• High School Students wore black armbands to
protest Vietnam war• School officials said “NO”• Students suspended• Parents sued school• Court ruled students “did not shed all their Rights in school”They could wear Arm bands
New Jersey v. TLO• TLO caught smoking in bathroom by teacher• TLO denied smoking to principal• Principal searched her purse and found…–Cigarettes–Rolling Papers–Marijuaina–Cash– List of people that owed her money
New Jersey v. TLO• TLO “Search is unconstitutional b/c no
warrant”• Court ruled….–While in school, teachers act as
parent–School officials do not need warrant–Only need “reasonable belief”