government
DESCRIPTION
PowerPoint on government. A brief history of government, how government is classified/defined, and the types of government.TRANSCRIPT
Types of Government
Civics
Morgan Kratovil
What Is Government?
Government is a system for giving leadership and direction to a group. More specifically, government is the person or persons who have the power or authority to rule.
What Is The Purpose of Government?
To make laws, provide services, keep order, form the framework of citizenship, ensure the people obey the laws and provide security.
Types of Government
• Nearly every country in the world today has a system of government
• Many different definitions and classifications of government
• Anthropologists divide governments into five groups:– “Big Man” government– Chiefdoms– Complex Chiefdoms– States– Empires
“Big Man” Government
• Neolithic or New Stone Age period• Tribes/Clans (10 or 15 families), some nomadic
groups• Usually the strongest, biggest, or smartest person
Chiefdom
• Emerged around 5000 B.C. in villages and towns
• Almost all chiefs were men
• Leadership started to become hereditary
Chief Joseph. ca. 1900. Photographic print. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Complex Chiefdoms
• Middle Bronze Age• Towns & Cities
(1,000+ people)• Super-chief who
ruled several chiefs• Distribution and
division of power
States
• Sumer first state (3500 B.C.)
• 4-5 levels of government– (king, generals, governors, mayor, mayor
assistants)
• Monopoly over the legitimate use of force
• Aristotle identified three types of states:
Aristocracy / Oligarchy - rule by a few
Democracy or Polity - rule by many
Monarchy / Tyrannies - rule by one
Empires
• Five levels of government
• Usually controls several states
• Akkadians first empire, then Babylonians & Assyrians (Middle East)
Famous/influential examples of empires
Egyptian Incan
British Roman
Persian
Three Ways to Describe Governments
• Economy– What provides the goods and services that
are bought, sold, and used?
• Politics– How is the government run?
• Authority– Who picks the government?
Economy
Capitalism Socialism CommunismUnited States Norway China, Cuba
In a capitalist or free-market economy, people own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare.
Socialist governments own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices.
In a communist country, the government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education and welfare
Politics
Republic Parliamentary Monarchy Dictatorship Totalitarian Theocracy
United States
Israel Jordan Iraq (pre-2002) China Iran, Vatican City
Led by repre- senatives of the voters. Each is individually elected for a set period of time.
Led by representa- tives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does.
Has a king or queen, who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family
Rule by a single leader who has not been elected and may use force to keep control.
Rule by a single party. People are forced to do what the government tells them.
Rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity.
Authority
Revolutionary Democracy Totalitarian Oligarchy/ Plutocracy
USA, France India North Korea Pakistan
The existing structure is overthrown completely by a new group.
Government is elected by anyone who is eligible to vote.
Citizens are allowed to vote, but only for the government’s chosen candidates.
Rule by an elite few. Only certain members of society have a valid voice in government.
Aristotle RevisitedTwo Main Categories
Democratic Totalitarian
• Rule by many • Rule by one• Rule by the few
• Republic• Parliamentary• Confederacy
• Monarchy• Dictatorship• Theocracy• Oligarchy• Aristocracy
Fair Use
This presentation was created using the fair use guidelines.
Sources
• Carr, Karen. History for Kids. January 15, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/government/index.htm
• Central Intelligence Agency. World Fact Book. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html
• http://www.stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/WorldAffairs/typesofgovt.html
• Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. Retrieved June 15, 2010, from: http://www.loc.gov/index.html