gorlov helical turbine - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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8/15/13 Gorlov helical turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorlov_helical_turbine 1/5
A.M.Gorlov with his turbine.
Gorlov helical turbineFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Gorlov helical turbine (GHT) is a water turbine evolved from the Darrieus turbine design by altering it to have helical blades/foils.
It was patented in a series of patents from September 19, 1995[1] to July 3, 2001[2] and won 2001 ASME Thomas A. Edison PatentAward (http://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/thomas-a--edison-patent-award). GHT was inventedby Professor Alexander M. Gorlov of the Northeastern University.
The physical principles of the GHT work[3] are the same as for its main prototype, the Darrieus turbine, and for the family of similarVertical axis wind turbines which includes also Turby wind turbine Quietrevolution wind turbine Urban Green Energy. GHT, turby andquietrevolution solved pulsatory torque issues by using the helical twist of the blades.
Contents
1 Fluid performance
2 Turbine axis-orientation3 Airfoil / hydrofoil4 Environmental issues
5 How it works
6 Commercial use7 See also
8 References9 External links
Fluid performance
The term "foil" is used to describe the shape of the blade cross-section at a given point, with no distinction for the type of fluid, (thus referring to either an "airfoil" or "hydrofoil"). Inthe helical design, the blades curve around the axis, which has the effect of evenly distributing the foil sections throughout the rotation cycle, so there is always a foil section at everypossible angle of attack. In this way, the sum of the lift and drag forces on each blade do not change abruptly with rotation angle. The turbine generates a smoother torque curve, sothere is much less vibration and noise than in the Darrieus design. It also minimizes peak stresses in the structure and materials, and facilitates self-starting of the turbine. In testing
environments the GHT has been observed to have up to 35% efficiency in energy capture reported by several groups.[4][5][6] "Among the other vertical-axis turbine systems, theDavis Hydro turbine, the EnCurrent turbine, and the Gorlov Helical turbine have all undergone scale testing at laboratory or sea. Overall, these technologies represent the current
norm of tidal current development."[7]
Turbine axis-orientation
The main difference between the Gorlov helical turbine and conventional turbines is the orientation of the axis in relation to current flow. The GHT is a vertical-axis turbine whichmeans the axis is positioned perpendicular to current flow, whereas traditional turbines are horizontal-axis turbines which means the axis is positioned parallel to the flow of thecurrent. Fluid flows, such as wind, will naturally change direction, however they will still remain parallel to the ground. So in all vertical-axis turbines, the flow remains perpendicularto the axis, regardless of the flow direction, and the turbines always rotate in the same direction. This is one of the main advantages of vertical-axis turbines.
If the direction of the water flow is fixed, then the Gorlov turbine axis could be vertical or horizontal, the only requirement is orthogonality to the flow.[8]
Airfoil / hydrofoil
The GHT operates under a lift-based concept (see airfoil). The foil sections on the GHT are symmetrical, both top-to-bottom and also from the leading-to-trailing edge. The GHTcan actually spin equally well in either direction. The GHT works under the same principle as the Darrieus turbine; that is, it relies upon the movement of the foils in order to changethe apparent direction of the flow relative to the foils, and thus change the (apparent) "angle of attack" of the foil.
Environmental issues
A GHT is proposed[8] for low-head micro hydro installations, when construction of a dam is undesirable. The GHT is an example of damless hydro technology. The technologymay potentially offer cost and environmental benefits over dam-based micro-hydro systems.
Some advantages of damless hydro are that it eliminates the potential for failure of a dam, which improves public safety. It also eliminates the initial cost of dam engineering,construction and maintenance, reduces the environmental and ecological complications, and potentially simplifies the regulatory issues put into law specifically to mitigate theproblems with dams.
In general, a major ecological issue with hydropower installations is their actual and perceived risk to aquatic life. It is claimed that a GHT spins slowly enough that fish can see it
soon enough to swim around it.[9][10] From preliminary tests in 2001, it was claimed that if a fish swims between the slowly moving turbine blades, the fish will not be harmed. Alsoit would be difficult for a fish to become lodged or stuck in the turbine, because the open spaces between the blades are larger than even the largest fish living in a small river. A fishalso would not be tumbled around in a vortex, because the GHT does not create a lot of turbulence, so small objects would be harmlessly swept through with the current.
How it works
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Current flow to the left.Induced flow component created by
clockwise rotation of turbine.
Apparent flow velocity of turbine blade,
and angle made with current flow over
ground (in degrees).Net force vectors.
Normal force vectors. Axial force vectors.
In this example the direction of the fluid flow is to the left.As the turbine rotates, in this case in a clockwise direction, the motion of the foil through the fluid changes the apparent velocity and angle of attack (speed and direction) of the fluidwith respect to the frame of reference of the foil. The combined effect of these two flow components (i.e. the vector sum), yields the net total "Apparent flow velocity" as shown inthe next figure.
The action of this apparent flow on each foil section generates both a lift and drag force, the sum of which is shown in the figure above titled "Net force vectors". Each of these netforce vectors can be split into two orthogonal vectors: a radial component and a tangential component, shown here as "Normal force" and "Axial force" respectively. The normalforces are opposed by the rigidity of the turbine structure and do not impart any rotational force or energy to the turbine. The remaining force component propels the turbine in theclockwise direction, and it is from this torque that energy can be harvested.
[With regards to the figure above left "Apparent flow velocity...", Lucid Energy Technologies, rights holder to the patent to the Gorlov Helical Turbine, notes that this diagram, withno apparent velocity at an azimuth angle of 180 degrees (blade at its point in rotation where it is instantaneously moving in downstream direction), may be subject tomisinterpretation. This is because a zero apparently flow velocity could occur only at a tip speed ratio of unity (i.e. TSR=1, where the current flow induced by rotation equals thecurrent flow). The GHT generally operates at a TSR substantially greater than unity.]
Commercial use
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Chain of Horizontal Gorlov turbines being installed in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA
Helical turbines in water stream generate mechanical power independent on direction of the water flow. Then electric generators assembled upon the common shaft transfer thepower into electricity for the commercial use.
Chain of Horizontal Gorlov Turbines. Merit – possibility for shallow waters. (US Patents 5,451,137, Sep. 1995 and 5,642,984, Jul. 1997)
Tidal Power Station with Gorlov Helical Turbines before deployment in the ocean. USA, Cobscook Bay, Maine, September, 2012 (Courtesy of ORPC, Ocean Renewable PowerCompany)
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Chain of Horizontal Gorlov turbines being installed in South Korea - general viewChain of Horizontal Gorlov turbines being installed in South Korea - close view
Gorlov Helical Turbines in South Korea, 1997-1998. Installation in shallow waters (Courtesy of KORDI – Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute, Seoul)
See also
Distributed generation
Darrieus wind turbine
References
1. ^ A.M. Gorlov, Unidirectional helical reaction turbine operable under reversible fluid flow for power systems (http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=g8kjAAAAEBAJ&dq=ininventor:Gorlov&as_drrb_ap=q&as_minm_ap=0&as_miny_ap=&as_maxm_ap=0&as_maxy_ap=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=10), United States Patent 5,451,137 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5451137), Sept. 19, 1995.
2. ^ A.M. Gorlov, Method for maintaining flotation using a helical turbine assembly (http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=vwgHAAAAEBAJ&dq=Method+for+maintaining+flotation+using+a+helical+turbine+assembly+6,253,700), United States Patent 6,253,700 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F6253700), July 3, 2001.
3. ^ M.J. Khan, G. Bhuyan, M.T. Iqbal, and J.E. Quaicoe, Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and assessment of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for river and tidalapplications: A technology status review (http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261909000713), Applied Energy, Volume 86, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1823-1835.doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.02.017 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2009.02.017)
4. ^ Gorlov, A. M., 1998, Helical turbines for the Gulf Stream, Marine Technology, 35, No 3, pp. 175–182.
5. ^ Gorban' A.N., Gorlov A.M., Silantyev V.M., Limits of the Turbine Efficiency for Free Fluid Flow (http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/Gorlov2001.pdf), Journal ofEnergy Resources Technology - December 2001 - Volume 123, Issue 4, pp. 311-317.
6. ^ Han, Sang-Hun; Lee, Kwang-Soo; Yum, Ki-Dai; Park, Woo-Sun; Park, Jin-Soon, Evaluation of helical turbine efficiency for tidal current power plant based on in-situ experiment,Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, Singapore, Oct 13-18, 2009, Vol 4, 315-321.
7. ^ J. Khan and G. Bhuyan (2009). Ocean Energy: Global Technology Development Status (http://www.iea-oceans.org/_fich/6/ANNEX_1_Doc_T0104.pdf), Report prepared byPowertech Labs for the IEA-OES. [Online], Available: www.iea-oceans.org
8. ̂a b Gorlov A.M., Development of the helical reaction hydraulic turbine (http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/666280-D6NWM1/webviewable/666280.pdf). Final TechnicalReport, The US Department of Energy, August 1998, The Department of Energy's (DOE) Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information(http://www.osti.gov/bridge/).
9. ^ Davis Jill, Alexander's Marvelous Machine (http://www.nrdc.org/OnEarth/05spr/gorlov1.asp), OnEarth, Spring 2005.
10. ^ Petkewich Rachel, Technology Solutions: Creating electricity with undammed hydropower (http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0403716), Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004, 38 (3),pp 55A–56A, doi:10.1021/es0403716 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes0403716)
External links
The Gorlov Helical Turbine (http://www.gcktechnology.com/GCK/pg2.html)
Northeastern University's Alexander Gorlov wins prestigious Edison Patent Award for helical turbine invention(http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2001/C/200113694.html)
Double & Triple helix (http://mystic.math.neu.edu/gorban/Gorlov2001.pdf)Onearth 2005 (http://www.nrdc.org/onearth/05spr/gorlov1.asp)
Thomas A. Edison Patent Award (http://www.asme.org/Governance/Honors/SocietyAwards/Thomas_Edison_Patent_Award.cfm)
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