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CONTENTS

• Introduction

• What is self-driving car ?• how will the car detect the traffic lights ?

Google announced in October of 2010 that they were testing self-driving cars on actual roads and highways in California.

INTRODUCTION

SELF-DRIVING CARAn self-driving car is also known as

autonomous car, driverless car and Robert car

It is vehicle that can drive itself from one point to another without any assistance from driver

In other words it is operated by an autopilot system

COMPONENTSIntegrates google maps with various

hardware sensors and artificial intelligents software

Google maps: provides the car with road informationHardware sensorsProvides the car with real time environmentArtificial intelligentsProvides the car with real time decisions

GOOGLE MAPSGoogle maps interacts with GPS and acts like a database

Speed limits Upcoming inter

sections Traffic report Nearby collisions directions

HARDWARE SENSORS

LIDAR VIDEO CAMERA POSITION ESTIMATOR DISTANCE SENSOR

How will the car detect the traffic lights ?

• A sensor “actinometer” is used to detect the intensity of radiation• Light of different colors will radiate different -2- intensity of radiation• Which will be detected by the sensor• If the detected intensity is of red or yellow color then controller will send a command to stop the vehicle• The command will be followed by robort(to convert the computer comand into mechanical input)

What does it do? It ferries two people from one place to another

without any user interaction. . There is no steering wheel or manual control,

simply a start button and a big red emergency stop button. In front of the passengers there is a small screen showing the weather, the current speed and a small countdown animation to launch.

DEVICES INVOLVED

n.

The most significant thing about the design is that it does not have any controls, apart from a stop/go button.

The front end of the vehicle is designed to be safer for pedestrians, with a soft foam-like material where a traditional bumper would be, and a more flexible windscreen, which may help reduce injuries.

The vehicle will use a combination of laser and radar sensors along with camera data to drive autonomously.

It will depend on Google's road maps, built specifically for the programme, and tested on the company's current fleet of vehicles.

How does it works.? the car uses a combination of sensors and

software to locate itself in the real world combined with highly accurate digital maps.

A GPS is used, just like the satellite navigation systems in most cars, to get a rough location of the car, at which point radar, lasers and cameras take over to monitor the world around the car

The software can recognize objects, people, cars, road marking, signs and traffic lights, obeying the rules of the road and allowing for multiple unpredictable hazards, including cyclists. It can even detect road works and safely navigate around them

How safe is it The car itself is limited to 25 mph, which restricts it to

certain roads, but also minimizes the kinetic energy it could carry into a crash if one should happen.

The front of the car is also made to be as kind to pedestrians as possible with a foam bumper and a flexible windscreen that is designed to absorb energy from an impact with a person’s body.

Seat belts are also provided – a safety requirement for vehicles on the road – while the car has redundant systems.

Google has also taken the data and behaviours it learned from its previous vehicles to create a defensive, considerate driving style that is meant to protect both the passengers and other road users. For instance, the car will wait a second after the traffic lights turn green before it moves off, although this could incur the anger of drivers stuck behind it.

A laser sensor on the roof constantly scans the surroundings. Photograph

Beyond “vision”

EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT PARKING

Use of sensor measuring parking space availableDetermine if there is sufficient spaceSteering itself into the space

ADVANTAGES Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing

them to concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.

To avoid accidents Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the

distance between cars The current location of vehicle can be determine

using global positioning system(GPS)

DISADVANTAGES If the vehicle is using internet which have less

security then from the hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on the road(in rare cases)

Hackers can change the rout which is plotted in the system

In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can create a chance of accident

CONCLUSION the driver less car’s technologies improves vehicle’s

stability helps to minimize loss of control Driver less car are designed to minimize accidents

by addressing the main causes of collisions:driving error distraction and drowsiness

REFERENCE http ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/driverless car http://autocontrols.com.au/ http://howstuffworks .com/cruise-control