Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur (C.G.)

A

Seminar Report

On

“Google driverless car”

Session : 2015-2016

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mrs. Varsha Thakur Devendra chandrakar

Miss. Basanti Minj MCA IV(semester)

Roll No: 11

S.o.S in Computer Science & IT

Contents

Introduction.

Block Diagram

Components

How does it work?

How safe is it?

Advantages.

Limitation

Conclusion.

References.

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INTRODUCTION:

The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:

 

It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles.

It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit.

It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition.

 

  

It can take its passengers anywhere it wants to go safely, legally, and

comfortably. 

BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS

 

1) Google Maps

Provides the car with road information. Google Maps interacts with GPS and

acts like a database.

Speed Limits.

Upcoming intersections.

Traffic Report.

Nearby collisions.

Directions.

2) Hardware Sensors

Provides the car with real time environment conditions

The hardware sensors gives real time environmental properties.

Environment is dynamic so need real time results.

Sensors attempt to create fully observable environment.

Main Sensors:

Lidar

Video camera

Position estimator

Distance sensor

Lidar

“Heart of our system“

LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, also LADAR) is an

optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance

to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with

light, often using pulses from a laser.

Scanning distance of 60 meters (~197 feet)

VIDEO CAMERA

Detects upcoming traffic light.

DISTANCE SENSOR

Allow the car to "see" far enough to detect nearby or

upcoming cars or obstacles

POSITION ESTIMATOR(Wheel Encoder)

Determines vehicle's location and keeps  track of its

movements.

3) Artificial Intelligence

Provides the car with real time decisions. Google Maps and the hardware

sensors data are sent to the AI.

AI then determines:

how fast to accelerate

when to slow down/stop

when to steer the wheel

Goal of AI

The agent's goal is to take the passenger to its desired destination safely and

legally

HOW DOES IT WORK?

• Powered by an electric motor with around a 100 mile range, the car uses a

combination of sensors and software to locate itself in the real world

combined with highly accurate digital maps.

• A GPS is used, just like the satellite navigation systems in most cars, to

get a rough location of the car, at which point radar, lasers and cameras

take over to monitor the world around the car, 360-degrees.

• The software can recognise objects, people, cars, road marking, signs and

traffic lights, obeying the rules of the road and allowing for multiple

unpredictable hazards, including cyclists. It can even detect road works

and safely navigate around them.

HOW SAFE IS IT?

• The car itself is limited to 25 mph, which restricts it to certain roads, but

also minimises the kinetic energy it could carry into a crash if one should

happen.

• The front of the car is also made to be as kind to pedestrians as possible

with a foam bumper and a flexible windscreen that is designed to absorb

energy from an impact with a person’s body.

• Seat belts are also provided – a safety requirement for vehicles on the

road – while the car has redundant systems, a “fault-tolerant architecture”

as Google calls it, for both steering and braking, should the primary

systems fails; plus that emergency stop button that passengers can hit at

any time.

ADVANTAGES:

Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.

Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to concentrate

on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.

To avoid accidents .

Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars.

The current location of vehicle can be determined using global

positioning system (g.p.s) .

LIMITATION

If the vehicle is using internet which is having less security then from the

hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on

the road(in rare cases)

Hackers can change the route which is plotted in the system(in rare cases)

In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can

create a chance of accident .

• The vehicles are unable to recognize temporary traffic signals. They have

not proven themselves in snow or rain.

• They are also unable to navigate through parking lots.

• Vehicles are unable to differentiate between pedestrian and policeman or

between crumpled up paper and a rock. Google projects having these

issues fixed by 2024.

CONCLUSION

The driver less car’s technologies improves vehicle's stability helps to

minimize loss of control.

Driver less cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the

main causes of collisions: driving error, distraction and drowsiness.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driverless_car

http://www.darpa.mil/our work

Electrical machines and automatic control by J.b.gupta

http://autocontrols.com.au/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/cruise-control