Google Books, UMI and Other Intriguing Trends in Digital PublishingJoe Wible

Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University

October 9, 2006

Caveats Weak moment HMS participation in Google Books Project Confidentiality Publishers suing Google

Categories of Materials Journals Books Archival Materials

Categories of Materials JournalsJournals Books

Recently published books Historical book collections Dissertation

Archival Materials

________

__________________

Categories of Materials JournalsJournals Books

Recently published books Historical book collections Dissertation

Archival Materials

________

__________________

Study to Determine Availability of Recently Published Books in

Electronic Format

Books purchased between 9/04 and 2/06 (18 months) Publication years 2002-2006 Stratified random sample

9271 titles (10.2% of total titles)

Sources Searched Netlibrary Ebrary MyiLibrary Questia Overdrive Other (eg. publishers, associations, free-

internet)

Fund Cluster No. Titles English Non-EnglishGeneral Reference 539 510 29US/UK History/Lang/Lit 7345 7104 241All other Area & Language 49679 7651 42028Humanities 18091 9551 8540Interdisciplinary 928 867 61Social Science & Education 7162 5665 1497Sciences 6720 6621 99Media, Reserves 602 601 1Total 91066 38569 (42.4%) 52496 (57.6%)

All Subjects/Languages Pct E-book Available

7.60%

45.10%

19.30%

9.60%

8.10%

0.85%

17.50%

0.10%

All Subjects/Languages

Sciences & Technology

Social Sciences & Education

US/UKHistory/Language&Literature

Humanities

Area Studies

English-language, all subjects

Foreign-language, all subjects

36.40%

36.70%

17.00%

49.50%

28.60%

61.10%

65.80%

45.10%

Biology

Chemistry

Earth Scis

Engineering

Hopkins Marine

Math/CompSci

Physics

All SciTech

SciTech Books Pct E-available

(N = 15)

Categories of Materials Journals Books

Recently published books Historical book collections Dissertation

Archival Materials__________________

________

What would you do with an offer To digitize every book in your library with no

damage to the book, To return to you a digital copy for preservation

and other purposes, and To present you and the world with a combined

word index to millions of books

???

Stanford’s Purposes Digital Preservation

Virtual Bookshelves in Stanford Digital Repository under construction as part of the Stanford Digital Repository

For Stanford use only Other searching and research functions

Subtle searching Taxonomic & Associative Searching Citation linking & “InfoTools” Alerts & recommendations Better navigation, e.g. Grokker

Digitized books from all sources as test bed for new research

Google Books Partner Libraries Original partners

Stanford University of Michigan Harvard New York Public Library Oxford

Later additions University of California Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Mechanics of Google Books 3,000 books scanned per day (UC) Scanning done by hand

http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC03812955&id=1GB1kuY5-pkC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3 http://books.google.com/books?vid

=0sVgqoZH8_0vk2uEA6uPPZ&id=n-28bvRNoroC&pg=RA1-PR1000 http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC03812955&id=1GB1kuY5-pkC&pg=PR32

Mechanism to get books back if needed Impact on collection

Better care than most patrons Identifies materials for preservation

U.S. Copyright Basics Published before 1923 - Public Domain Published from 1923 through 1963

After 14 years had to be renewed Approximately 15% renewed (200,000) Remaining 85% in Public Domain

Published after 1963 in copyright Life of the author plus 70 year

Orphan Works http://www.copyright.gov/orphan/ Deals with works in copyright for which the

copyright holder cannot be found Report delivered to Congress

Requires “reasonably diligent search” Need to meet that standard with Determinator Also limits remedies

Unknown when Congress will act

Copyright Determinator -Why? Renewal required for US books published

1923-1963 books not renewed are in the public domain

Renewals took place 1950-1992 No electronic records of renewals 1950-1977 Limited access to 1978-1992 records

Determinator – Database Module Create machine-readable database of 1923-1963

renewals First portion of data now available

http://sulwebappdev1.stanford.edu:4040/determinator/bin/page?forward=home

Hand coding has been outsourced for remaining 1950-1977 records

1978-1992 records to be uploaded soon Match database records to catalog records

Limited fields for matching In discussions with OCLC Will look at internal options if this does not work out

Determinator – Benchmark Module Benchmark database results against manual

search Sample set of >500 items from the Stanford

catalog have been manually searched for status A subset of those items (100) are being checked

by the LOC Need to demonstrate due diligence

Determinator – Legal Review Legal input on validity of results Initial contact has been made with a group of

copyright experts Coordinating with General Counsel

Categories of Materials Journals Books

Recently published books Historical book collections Dissertation

Archival Materials__________________

________

Dissertations in Digital Format ProQuest (UMI) migrating to digital

submission 15% submitted electronically last year 30% submitted electronically this year 25 schools in the queue to switch to digital 1.9 million in microfilm, 800,000 as PDFs

Online Submission Form http://dissertations.umi.com/

Urgent Need to Switch to Digital Submission

ProQuest still scanning in B&W Tested color scanning but file size too large Today’s students are using color heavily I don’t want to have to loan a dissertation

because the data in the ProQuest copy useless

Questions?