good solar cell design

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GOOD SOLAR CELL DESIGN www.solarcell.firstnewsupdate.com

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Every homeowner and renter can make simple home improvements to increase the passive solar energy available and used in the home. Keeping in mind the five elements required for passive solar, consider the following. The thermal mass in most homes is already in place and will not change. This solar storage will be a floor or wall. The larger and more dense the mass, the more heat storage is available. You can also change the color to absorb more heat energy. For most homes, the aperture is in the form of windows or skylights, and the control will be some type of shade.

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Page 1: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR CELL DESIGN

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Page 2: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Light and thermal energy are gained in a solar home or room through radiation. The transfer of that energy takes the form of convection. A properly designed space must allow the correct amount of light in and control the amount of energy dissipated.

Insulation allows for the containment of energy taken in. Radiation absorption can be increased passively with color. The albedo of an object refers to how strongly it reflects light. For example, a white surface will reflect sunlight almost nine times more than a black surface. This means that your thermal mass, the area that stores heat energy, should be dark in color. A light-colored floor or wall may rise in temperature to 80 or 90°F, but a dark-color thermal mass can rise in temperature to 130 or 140°F.

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Page 3: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

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Page 4: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Types of Solar Gain

In indirect solar gain, heat enters the building through an aperture and is captured and stored in a thermal mass. The mass then slowly and indirectly heats the building through conduction and convection. Isolated solar gain is a separate space, such as a sunroom, in which the solar energy is captured and then passively moved as heat through the living space by natural convection.

A third type of solar gain, concentrated solar power (CSP). While most applications are large commercial structures, consumers can use CSP water heaters in their homes. CSP is best inwarm climates where sunlight is a constant and rainfall is low.

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Page 5: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Simple Improvements for Solar Gain

Every homeowner and renter can make simple home improvements to increase the passive solar energy available and used in the home. Keeping in mind the five elements required for passive solar, consider the following.

The thermal mass in most homes is already in place and will notchange. This solar storage will be a floor or wall. The larger and more dense the mass, the more heat storage is available. You can also change the color to absorb more heat energy. For most homes, the aperture is in the form of windows or skylights, and the control will be some type of shade.

www.solarcell.firstnewsupdate.com

Page 6: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Heat and Light Transfer Through Windows

The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), refers to the percentage of solar radiation that passes through a window and is expressed in a value of 0 or 1. The higher the SHGC, the more solar gain in the home.

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Page 7: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

The visible light transmission (VT), refers to the amount of light transmitted through a window and is also measured by values between 0 and 1. A window with a VT of 1 will allow no loss of transmission. The use of a second pane of glass or a coating will lower the VT value.

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Page 8: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Low-E coatings, which stands for low emissivity, refers to the relative ability of a surface to emit energy by radiation. A Low-E coating for windows refers to a thin metallic or metallic oxide layer deposited on one of the glass surfaces. Heat gained or lost through a window is due to radiation from either outside-in or inside-out. The coating reflects a portion of the radiation, reducing heat flow through the window. The coating is normally invisible to the homeowner. Low-E is also rated on a scale of 0 to 1. A black object would have an emissivity of 1, absorbing alllight, and a perfect reflector would have a value of 0.

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Page 9: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

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Page 10: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

A single-pane window is a single sheet of glass with no coatings. Single-pane windows are energy inefficient, but in the last 30years, dual-pane and triple-pane windows have become popular due to their increased efficiency at restricting the transfer of heat.

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Page 11: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

The U-value gauges how well a window conducts heat and is more correctly called the overall heat transfer coefficient. It measures the rate of heat transfer through a window. A window’s U-value is rated under standardized conditions. The usual standard is at a temperature gradient of 75°F, at 50-percent humidity, with no wind. The lower the U-value, the less heat transfer occurs, and the more energy-efficient the window is considered to be.

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Page 12: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Here are examples of typical window performance:

• A single-pane window has an average U-value of 1.1 or greater.• A dual-pane window has an average U-value of 0.55 or lower.• A triple-pane window has an average U-value as low as 0.20.

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Page 13: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

In addition to the glass, the window frame, which is included in the U-value, must be designed for performance.

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Page 14: Good solar cell design

A common window used in the 1960s was an aluminum-framed window with a single pane of clear glass, and this window is used as our standard for comparison for the following statistics, which approximate averages:

• A wood or vinyl frame with dual-pane clear glass would be 27 percent more efficient.• Wood or vinyl frame with dual-pane glass and a Low-E coating would be 32 percent more efficient.• An insulated frame window with triple-pane glass and a Low-E coating would be 41 percent more efficient.

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GOOD SOLAR DESIGN

Page 15: Good solar cell design

GOOD SOLAR CELL DESIGN

www.solarcell.firstnewsupdate.com

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