good proposal writing sample ppt

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Proposal Writing Mebrahtom Gebresemati School of Biological and Chemical Engineering (BCEN) Mekelle Institute of Technology (MIT) Technical/Research Writing Presentation

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Sample proposal writing for your research proposal

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Page 1: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Proposal Writing

Mebrahtom GebresematiSchool of Biological and Chemical

Engineering (BCEN)Mekelle Institute of Technology (MIT)

Technical/Research WritingPresentation

Page 2: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Outline

• Answer 5WH Qs• Types of Proposal• Purpose and Audience Impact• Writing Process• Elements of Business Proposal• Elements of Research Proposal

Page 3: Good proposal writing sample ppt

What?

• Proposal:• is “Formal description of the creation, modification or

termination of a contract.” …. (WebFinance, 2010)(WebFinance, 2010)

• May serve as: • blueprint for a future agreement

• May be accepted or rejected by the entity or entities that receive it.

Page 4: Good proposal writing sample ppt

(Cont.)• Why?– Targets audience to take specific action

• Where?– Bureaucracy, NGOs, Academic Councils,

Business• When?– Get Business, New Projects, Partnership

• Who?– Entrepreneur, Researcher, Department

Head

Page 5: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Types• Business Proposal– A written offer from a seller to a

prospective buyer, whenever a buyer considers more than price in a purchase

• Research Proposal– A document written by a scientist that

describes in details the program for a proposed scientific investigation.

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Business Proposal

• Formally Solicited–Written in response to published

requirements, contained in a Request for Proposal (RFP), Request for Quotation (RFQ), or an Invitation For Bid (IFB).

• Informally Solicited – Result of conversations held between a

vendor and a prospective customer.

• Unsolicited Proposals–Marketing brochures

Page 7: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Purpose

Reason – why are you writing?

• Strategy Analysis, Cause/Effect Statements, Illustrations, Examples, Comparisons, Description, Narration

Page 8: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Audience Impact

• Receptive Audience– Direct Approach

• Skeptical Audience– Indirect Approach– Buffer/Butter ;)

“All audience have expectations”

Page 9: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Proposal Writing Process

• Pre-write• Write• Rewrite

Prewriting Writing Rewriting

Page 10: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Proposal Writing Process: Prewriting

• Brainstorming• Answers to 5 Ws and 1 H• Mind mapping• Surveys (optional)

Page 11: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Proposal Writing Process: Writing

• Reviewing Pre-write• Organization of Data• Formatting

Page 12: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Proposal Writing Process: Rewriting

• Adding Clarity• Omissions• Simplification• Reformatting• Corrections• Rephrasing

Page 13: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Elements of A Business Proposal

• Title Page• Cover Letter• Table of Contents• List of Illustrations• Executive Summary• Introduction• Discussion• Conclusion/recommendation

Page 14: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Title Page

Someone said and we quote: “…acts as a dust cover to keep the report neat

and clean.”Includes:– Title of the proposal– Addressed audience– Name of author and company– Completion date

Page 15: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Cover Letter

– Prefaces the proposal– Provides overview– Tells about:• Writing• Subject• Importance• Planning• Action• Timeline

Page 16: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Table of Contents

– Flashes complete detail for topic specific readers– Saves time and effort– Provides exact brief of proposal– May includes list of Illustrations

Page 17: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Executive Summary

– Abstract– Brief overview of proposal’s key points– Get across a low-tech reader– Contains 3 – 10 sentences– Focuses:• Problem• Suggested Solution• Implementation

Page 18: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Introduction

Purpose– Inform intents– Small and brief

Problem– Highlights proposals’ importance– Reveal knowledge of situation– Lengthy and detailed

Page 19: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Discussion

– Body of proposal– Contains• Analyses• Technical Descriptions/Instructions• Options• Managerial Chains• Corporate Credentials• Schedules• Cost Charts• Projected Milestone

Page 20: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal: Conclusions/RecommendationsConclusions• Provides closure• Specific – Reveals Impact, Percentages etcRecommendations• Suggests next plan of actionShould be well knit for both executives and low-

tech readers

Page 21: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Business Proposal:Supplementary Elements

Glossary– Defines terms for readers, alphabetically

References– Cites work, quotes and paraphrased

Appendix– Additional Information – Surveys, tables, figures,

letters/memos etc

Page 22: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Elements of A Research Proposal

• Introduction• Problem Statement• Purpose of Study• Literature Review• Hypotheses• Methodology• Limitations and Delimitations• Significance

Page 23: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Introduction

– Provides readers with the background– Establish a framework for the research

(Wilkinson, 1991)(Wilkinson, 1991)

– Create interest in topic– Foundation for problem relating to study

(Creswell, 1994)(Creswell, 1994)

Page 24: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Problem Statement

– Describes contacts for study– Identifies general analysis approach

(Wiersma, 1995)(Wiersma, 1995)

– Issue that exists in literature, theory or practice(Creswell, 1994)(Creswell, 1994)

Page 25: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Purpose of Study

– Accurate synopsis if overall purpose of study(Locke, 1987)(Locke, 1987)

– Incorporates rationale for study(Pajares, 2007)(Pajares, 2007)

Page 26: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Literature Review

– Context for the research problem– Establish needs for research

(Wiersma, 1995)(Wiersma, 1995)

– Shares results of prior studies(Fraenkel, 1990)(Fraenkel, 1990)

– Relates topics to a larger horizon(Marshall, 1989)(Marshall, 1989)

Page 27: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Hypothesis

– Research question– Declarative statement of relation between two or

more variables(Kerlinger, 1979) (Krathwohl, 1988)(Kerlinger, 1979) (Krathwohl, 1988)

Types1. Literary null2. Operational null3. Literary alternative4. Operational alternative

Page 28: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Methodology

– Heart of research proposal– Maximum detailed description of activity

(Wiersma, 1995) (Wiersma, 1995)

Includes i. Samplingii. Instrumentationiii.Data Collectioniv.Data Analysis

Page 29: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal:Limitations and Delimitations

Limitation– Identifies• Potential weakness of study• Threats to internal validity

Delimitation– Addresses• How a study narrows in scope• How is it bound• Undo’s

(Pajares, 2007)(Pajares, 2007)

Page 30: Good proposal writing sample ppt

Research Proposal: Significance

– Indicates how research refines, revises, and extends existing knowledge in investigation area

– Think pragmatically - $– Focus both practitioners and peers

(Pajares, 2007)(Pajares, 2007)

Page 31: Good proposal writing sample ppt