good neighbor policy was the united states a “good neighbor” toward latin america in the 1930s?...
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Good Neighbor Policy• Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin
America in the 1930s?– Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned
portion of the “Double Bubble” Thinking Map analyzing the main arguments in your article.
– Step 2: Exchange information with one of the group’s with the opposing article
– Step 3: As a group, come to a conclusion regarding the question above and write a thesis statement stating your position.
– Step 4: Add your group’s information to the class Double Bubble on the front board
– Step 5: Share out your O,P,V,L’s for the two articles
WWI: THE WAR TO END ALL WARS, NOT QUITE
THE ROAD TO WWII
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:• The Treaty of
Versailles:– The War Guilt Clause– Forced Reparations– Large territorial losses
for Germany– Dismantling of the
German military.
EFFECT:• A growing desire for
revenge among Germans after their treatment at the end of WWI
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE: • Technological
innovation in WWI;– Mass production/
assembly line– Advent of mass
advertising– General rise in wages
EFFECT:• Development of
widespread consumer goods/consumer economy in the U.S.
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE: • A growing acceptance
of debt in 1920s America through the use of installment plans
• Risky investment practices such as buying on margin and stock speculation.
EFFECT:• Decreasing Consumerism
as credit debt amassed• Instability of banks and
the stock market in the U.S.
• Ultimately led the U.S. into a depression
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE• A shut down in
international trade due to tariff wars
• Massive debt incurred by Europeans during WWI
• “Drying up” of U.S. credit to nations overseas.
EFFECT:• The depression became
a global affair
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:• Severe economic
depression in Germany in the 1930s
• Humiliation over the terms in the Treaty of Versailles
• German government’s lack of an effective response to economic and political problems.
EFFECT:• Rise of the nationalistic,
NAZI Party and Adolf Hitler in Germany
WWIIThe Road to War
Italy: The Rise of Benito Mussolini and Fascism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2YEUhHFMHY
Hitler’s IdeologyMein Kampf• Hitler’s autobiography, written while
in prison, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
• Extreme Anti-Semitism…uses Jews as scapegoat for all of Germany’s problems.– “Here he stops at nothing, and in his
vileness he becomes so gigantic that no one need be surprised if among our people the personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.”
Lebensraum• “Living Space”• Hitler’s foreign policy: Eastern Europe had
to be conquered to create a vast German empire for more physical space, a greater population, and new territory to supply food and raw materials. – “Without consideration of traditions and
prejudices, Germany must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil, and hence also free it from the danger of vanishing from the earth or of serving others as a slave nation.”
Lebensraum• "The external security of a people in largely determined by the
size of its territory."• “Therefore we National Socialists have purposely drawn a line
through the line of conduct followed by pre-War Germany in foreign policy. We put an end to the perpetual Germanic march towards the South and the West of Europe and turn our eyes towards the lands of the East. We finally put a stop to the colonial and trade policy of pre-War times and pass over to the territorial policy of the future. When we speak of new territory in Europe today we must principally think of Russia and the border states subject to her.”
Mein Kampf• “Slowly fear and the Marxist weapon of Jewry descend like a nightmare
on the mind and soul of decent people.”• “With satanic joy in his face, the black-haired Jewish youth lurks in wait
for the unsuspecting girl whom he defiles with his blood, thus stealing her from her people. With every means he tries to destroy the racial foundations of the people he has set out to subjugate. Just as he himself systematically ruins women and girls, he does not shrink back from pulling down the blood barriers for others, even on a large scale. It was and it is Jews who bring the Negroes into the Rhineland, always with the same secret thought and clear aim of ruining the hated white race by the necessarily resulting bastardization, throwing it down from its cultural and political height, and himself rising to be its master.”
Mein Kampf
• “Culturally, he contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes a mockery of natural feeling, overthrows all concepts of beauty and sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead drags men down into the sphere of his own base nature.”
• “Now begins the great last revolution. In gaining political power the Jew casts off the few cloaks that he still wears. The democratic people’s Jew becomes the blood-Jew and tyrant over peoples. In a few years he tries to exterminate the national intelligentsia and by robbing the peoples of their natural intellectual leadership makes them ripe for the slave’s lot of permanent subjugation.”
Mein Kampf…Manipulating the Masses
• “The masses find it difficult to understand politics, their intelligence is small. Therefore all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points. The masses will only remember only the simplest ideas repeated a thousand times over. If I approach the masses with reasoned arguments, they will not understand me. In the mass meeting, their reasoning power is paralyzed. What I say is like an order given under hypnosis.”
• “The whole organization of education, and training which the People's State is to build up must take as its crowning task the work of instilling into the hearts and brains of the youth entrusted to it the racial instinct and understanding of the racial idea. No boy or girl must leave school without having attained a clear insight into the meaning of racial purity and the importance of maintaining the racial blood unadulterated. Thus the first indispensable condition for the preservation of our race will have been established and thus the future cultural progress of our people will be assured.”
•
Japanese Militarists on the Rise
Competition in the Pacific
The Axis Powers
A Look at Japanese, German, and Italian “Acts of Aggression”
(1931-1939)
Question Prompts: Opening the Door for German Aggression
• What was the Treaty of Versailles? Why did it anger Germans…be specific.• Based off of what you already know about Germany and WWI, what might be meant by
the “Stab in the Back” Theory? How might this have added to Germany’s growing militarism?
• What was the League of Nations? • The League of Nations was generally viewed as a weak and ineffective organization…
Why? (Hint: Which important global power decided not to join the League of Nations)?• How might the weaknesses of the L.o.N. contributed to Hitler’s decision to violate the
Treaty of Versailles and take aggressive actions to rebuild the Germany military?• Why did the Maginot Line and Locarno Pact give the French a false sense of security?
How might the Maginot Line actually weaken France’s ability to resist German Aggression?
•
Treaty of Versailles• Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
– Peace Treaty Officially Ending War b/n Germany & Allied Powers
• Treaty Establishes the League of Nations• Treaty Intended to Punish & Weaken Germany
– War Guilt Clause• Germany must accept full responsibility for the war
– Had to pay massive reparations to the allies• Most of reparations would go to France/Belgium
– German military dismantled…why?• Army reduced to 100,000 men• Not allowed to have Tanks or Air Force• Demilitarized Rhineland
– Germany suffered major territorial losses• Lose: Alsace & Lorraine, Baltic States (land won from Russia), Poland, & more
Frederick Niche
• Frederick Niche: “The punishment often increases the feeling of estrangement and strengthens the power of resistance.”
The “Stab in the Back” Theory
German Soldiers are Dissatisfied
Decadence of Weimar Republic
A Weak League of Nations
A Weak League of Nations
No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.
French False Sense of Security: Maginot Line
France: False Sense of Security
• Locarno Pact: France, Britain, Germany, Italy– Guarantee existing frontiers; 30 mi. DMZ east of Rhine R.;
non-aggression agreement
Axis Powers Grow Aggressive
Question Prompts: Rising Aggression…The Axis Powers• Summarize the Manchurian Crisis in 1-2 sentences• How did the League of Nations respond to Japanese
aggression? How might the League of Nations response have influenced Hitler and Mussolini?
• What active measures did Hitler take to defy the Treaty of Versailles? Why would this be considered a good political move for Hitler, in Germany?
• Why do you think France and Britain were reluctant to respond to these acts of aggression? How did this influence Hitler & Mussolini?
The Manchurian Crisis (1931)
• Why did Japan want to expand into China/Korean Peninsula?
The Manchurian Crisis (1931)
Germany (1933-1935)
• Withdraws from the League of Nations (1933)
• Renounces Treaty of Versailles—begins rearmament (1935)
• Germany starts draft; establishes Luftwaffe (1935)
Italy Invades Ethiopia (1935)
• What advantages did control of Ethiopia offer to Italy?• What was Mussolini’s goal for Italy?
Haile Salassie
Germany Invades Rhineland (3/7/1936)
• Rhine: DMZ b/n Germany and France– Gave French access to Ruhr Valley: heartland of German industry– Why were the French so reluctant to respond?
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
• Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)• Anti-Comintern Pact: Germany, Italy, Japan• Formal Military Alliance: Axis Powers (1940)
– Germany, Italy, Japan
Question Prompts: U.S. Isolationism
• The U.S. Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935…what did it say?
• How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ?• The U.S. also put in place a policy of Cash-and-Carry.
What was cash-and-carry? Why might American politicians have believed this policy would limit the chance of America getting drawn into war (WWI)?
• Why do you believe many in the American government hoped to remain neutral in the lead up to WWII? How was this similar to WWI?
US Neutrality Acts: 1935; 1937; 1939
• Nye Committee: huge profits by arms factories in WWI• Neutrality Acts: ban sale on arms to warring nations…why?
– Hope to remain out of the War in Europe
• Cash and Carry: non-military items (cash/pick up goods)
Europe…On the Brink of World War
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Fascist Leader, Francisco Franco, leads Nationalist Party in Civil War against the “Popular Front,” in Spain…Hitler and Mussolini send aid to Franco seeing it as an opportunity to spread their influence and test their militaries
Spanish Civil WarA Dress Rehearsal for WWII
• Italian Troops in Madrid
Japanese Invasion of China (1937)
Rape of Nanking
Austrian Anschluss
• Forced unification of Austria and Germany
• Hitler’s Goal: unify all German speaking people
The Problem of the Sudetenland
• Area of Czechoslovakia with a lg. German population• FR, GB, USSR pledge aid to Czechs if attacked
The Munich Agreement (Sept. 1938)
• Meeting of reps. from GB, FR, IT, GM to discuss Sudetenland, Czech.
• Appeasement– GB/FR give in to German
demands– Leave Czechs hanging…
hand over Sudetenland to Hitler
• Italy invades AlbaniaBritish PM: Neville Chamberlain“Now we have secured peace in our time. Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.” Video Clip: Neville Chamberlain
Czechoslovakia Enters the Third Reich (March 1939)
April 1939: Hitler’s 50th Birthday Present…The Eagle’s Nest
Euro-Trip 2012 Photos
Europe: 1939
Japan: 1939
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: (Aug. 1939)
• Temporary non-aggress. Agreement b/n Hitler & Stalin…Why?
• Includes secret deal to divide Poland b/n GM and USSR
WWII Begins
World War II Begins (Sept.1939)
• Germany invades Poland (9/1/1939)
• France and England declare war on Germany (9/3/1939)
German Advances: Sep. 1939
“Spineless Leaders of Democracy”
Impact of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• USSR goes on the offensive (Oct. 1939)– Annex Estonia/Latvia
(ultimatums)– Invade Lithuania– Invade Finland (Nov.
1939)
• Why did they do this?
Blitzkrieg!• Why do defenses blitz
quarterbacks in football?
• If “Krieg” is German for war, what is meant by blitzkrieg?– “Lightning War”– German military strategy:
fast/flexible
• How would a military employ blitzkrieg?• Armor concentrations/ utilization
of tanks; mass air support; paratroopers; radio
Go To WWII Map PowerPoint
Up to Dunkirk
WWII in Europe--1940• Germans Preparing
for Invasion of France– Start: Invasion from
Holland to Belgium (5/10/1940)
• Dutch bombed into submission; 100,000 killed
• Belgium overtaken within a few days
Battle of Dunkirk (May 1940)• Battle of Dunkirk
– German Surprise move thru Ardennes Forest (Belgium/French Border)
– British/French forces trapped at Port of Dunkirk (Belgium)
– Operation Dynamo (May 26-June 4, 1940): Mass Retreat
• 887 ships (including civilian ships) save 338,226 Brits• Brits lose 95,000 rifles; 7500 tons of ammo
– Significance: • Opened door for Hitler to invade France and gain
control of “Continental, W. Europe”• Mass Evacuation Allowed Brits to fight another day.
“Miracle at Dunkirk”
DateTroops evacuated from beaches
Troops evacuated from Dunkirk Harbour
Total
27 May - 7,669 7,669
28 May 5,930 11,874 17,804
29 May 13,752 33,558 47,310
30 May 29,512 24,311 53,823
31 May 22,942 45,072 68,014
1 June 17,348 47,081 64,429
2 June 6,695 19,561 26,256
3 June 1,870 24,876 26,746
4 June 622 25,553 26,175
Totals 98,780 239,446 338,226
Fall of France: June 1940• France falls extremely fast…Why?
– French forces wasted at Maginot Line; not mobile
• June 3, 1940: Air raids begin on Paris– 2000 tanks move on capitol
• Paris falls June 14, 1940• France surrenders June 22, 1940
– Nazi’s set up puppet regime led by Marshal Philippe Petain; Vichy French
• Significance: – Hitler almost total control of W. Europe.
Go to WWII Maps
Up to Battle of Brit.
Hitler’s Next Quest?
Winston Churchill--Speech to the RAF (Battle of Britain)
Winston Churchill: “We Shall Never Surrender!”
• “Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.”
—Winston Churchill; June 4, 1940…following Oper. Dynamo
Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)• New Sheriff in Town: Winston Churchill
(Brit PM)– Vows Britain will NEVER surrender– British Royal Air Force (RAF) all that stands
between Nazi’s and control of W. Europe
• German Attack: Operation Sea Lion– Eliminate RAF; open Britain for invasion
• Battle for control of the air– Hitler abandons bombing of strategic military sights (RAF
& airfields)– Targets civilian populations…big mistake– 30,000 Londoners killed; RAF loses 900 aircraft– Luftwaffe loses over 1700 aircraft
Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)• Hitler abandons invasion of
Britain (10/1940)• Significance:
– Use of Radar• Germans bomb at night (less
efficient)
– First Major German Defeat– Morale Boost for Brits– Pushed Americans to assist
with Brit. plight
Go to WWII Maps
Progress up thru Operation Barbarossa
Analogy
• Analogies, Similes, Metaphors: Comparison of two items that may not necessarily be related– Simile: expressed analogy (uses like or as)– Metaphor: implied analogy
• Example: Britain in 1940 was like a boxer against the ropes.
Pocket Analogy Book
• Working with your neighbor:– Come up with an analogy for Britain’s position in
WWII in October 1940. Provide 3 supporting pieces of evidence for your analogy.
– Come up with an analogy for the German war machine in October 1940. Provide 3 supporting pieces of evidence.