good morning, and… dr. charles arn. session one: introducing assimilation

Good morning, and…Good morning, and…

Dr. Charles ArnDr. Charles Arn

Session One: Introducing

Assimilation

Session One: Introducing

Assimilation

Goal of Today’s Seminar ...Goal of Today’s Seminar ...

To help seminar participants (lay and To help seminar participants (lay and professional church leaders) better professional church leaders) better understand how people do or do not understand how people do or do not become assimilated into a church become assimilated into a church fellowship, and to equip participants to fellowship, and to equip participants to develop a workable plan to see more of develop a workable plan to see more of their church’s visitors become active their church’s visitors become active responsible members of the church.responsible members of the church.

To help seminar participants (lay and To help seminar participants (lay and professional church leaders) better professional church leaders) better understand how people do or do not understand how people do or do not become assimilated into a church become assimilated into a church fellowship, and to equip participants to fellowship, and to equip participants to develop a workable plan to see more of develop a workable plan to see more of their church’s visitors become active their church’s visitors become active responsible members of the church.responsible members of the church.

as-sim-'i-late:as-sim-'i-late:

“To include into a larger whole; to involve; to make one.”“To include into a larger whole; to involve; to make one.”

Definition of Assimilation ...Definition of Assimilation ...

“You are a member of God’s very own family … and you belong in God’s household with every other Christian.” (Eph. 2:19)

“You are a member of God’s very own family … and you belong in God’s household with every other Christian.” (Eph. 2:19)

as-sim-'i-late:as-sim-'i-late:

Definition of Assimilation ...Definition of Assimilation ...

Active ResponsibleChurch MemberNew Member

Prospect

A Model of Assimilation ...A Model of Assimilation ...

Active ResponsibleChurch Member

Prospect

Non-Active Member

New Member



Prospect

Non-Active Member

Inactive Member

New Member



Prospect

Non-Active Member

Inactive Member

Dropout

New Member


Discussion Question ...Discussion Question ...

What are the obstacles to assimilating a newcomer into a church community?

What are the obstacles to assimilating a newcomer into a church community?

Assumptions About AssimilationAssumptions About Assimilation

1. Assimilation of newcomers does not happen1. Assimilation of newcomers does not happen automaticallyautomatically..

2. The responsibility for assimilating newcomers 2. The responsibility for assimilating newcomers rests with therests with the churchchurch, not the newcomer., not the newcomer.

3.3. The process of assimilating the newcomer The process of assimilating the newcomer beginsbegins beforebefore membership.membership.

4.4. Assimilation is anAssimilation is an ongoingongoing processprocess..

5.5. Most churches canMost churches can improveimprove their their effectiveness in assimilating newcomers.effectiveness in assimilating newcomers.

1. Assimilation of newcomers does not happen1. Assimilation of newcomers does not happen automaticallyautomatically..

2. The responsibility for assimilating newcomers 2. The responsibility for assimilating newcomers rests with therests with the churchchurch, not the newcomer., not the newcomer.

3.3. The process of assimilating the newcomer The process of assimilating the newcomer beginsbegins beforebefore membership.membership.

4.4. Assimilation is anAssimilation is an ongoingongoing processprocess..

5.5. Most churches canMost churches can improveimprove their their effectiveness in assimilating newcomers.effectiveness in assimilating newcomers.

1. Are there large numbers of “transfers out” 1. Are there large numbers of “transfers out” who keep the same residency?who keep the same residency?

1. Are there large numbers of “transfers out” 1. Are there large numbers of “transfers out” who keep the same residency?who keep the same residency?

Do We Have An Assimilation Problem?


Checking Our “Backdoor”Checking Our “Backdoor”

... and all churches have a “backdoor!”... and all churches have a “backdoor!”

2 - 3% transfer out

1 - 2% death

2 - 6% inactivity

2 - 3% transfer out

1 - 2% death

2 - 6% inactivity

Checking Our “Backdoor”Checking Our “Backdoor”

... and all churches have a “backdoor!”... and all churches have a “backdoor!”

Ways people leave the church…Ways people leave the church…

2.2. Are there large numbers of members Are there large numbers of members with no role, task, or small group with no role, task, or small group involvement?involvement?

2.2. Are there large numbers of members Are there large numbers of members with no role, task, or small group with no role, task, or small group involvement?involvement?



How many roles/tasks should a church have ?How many roles/tasks

should a church have ?

Growing churches: Growing churches: 55:10055:100

Plateaued churches: Plateaued churches: 43:10043:100

Declining churches:Declining churches: 27:10027:100

Growing churches: Growing churches: 55:10055:100

Plateaued churches: Plateaued churches: 43:10043:100

Declining churches:Declining churches: 27:10027:100

3. Is there a large gap between church membership and average worship attendance?

3. Is there a large gap between church membership and average worship attendance?



The typical church has about 40% of its members in

attendance on an average Sunday.

The typical church has about 40% of its members in

attendance on an average Sunday.



4. Is there a large gap between Sunday School enrollment and Sunday School attendance?

4. Is there a large gap between Sunday School enrollment and Sunday School attendance?



5. Is there a high percentage of members whose worship attendance is one Sunday per month or less?

5. Is there a high percentage of members whose worship attendance is one Sunday per month or less?



Who’s here and who’s not?Who’s here and who’s not?

4 Sundays per month 125



1 Sunday per month 7

Visitors 9

TOTAL 250

Average Sunday morning attendanceAverage Sunday morning attendance

Church“A” Church“A”

Who’s here and who’s not?Who’s here and who’s not?

4 Sundays per month 125 17



1 Sunday per month 7 96

Visitors 9 23

TOTAL 250 250

Average Sunday morning attendanceAverage Sunday morning attendance

Church“A” “B” Church“A” “B”

6. How many of your members feel “left out”?

6. How many of your members feel “left out”?



Who’s in and who’s out?Who’s in and who’s out?

Membership

FellowshipFellowship

7. Are there large numbers of first-time visitors who don’t come back?

7. Are there large numbers of first-time visitors who don’t come back?



Average non-growing church: 9% (1 in 10)

Average in growing churches: 21% (2 in 10)

Average non-growing church: 9% (1 in 10)

Average in growing churches: 21% (2 in 10)

What percentage of visitors return?What percentage of visitors return?

8. Is there a high percentage of new members who were not exposed to the ministries and people of your church prior to joining?

8. Is there a high percentage of new members who were not exposed to the ministries and people of your church prior to joining?



How many times haveHow many times have they they heardheard about you?about you?How many times haveHow many times have they they heardheard about you?about you?

Number of exposures of Number of exposures of active active membersmembers prior to membership:prior to membership:

Number of exposures of Number of exposures of drop-outsdrop-outs prior to membership:prior to membership:

Number of exposures of Number of exposures of active active membersmembers prior to membership:prior to membership:

Number of exposures of Number of exposures of drop-outsdrop-outs prior to membership:prior to membership:

6666

2222

9. Are there large numbers of new members who don’t have a friend or relative in the church?

9. Are there large numbers of new members who don’t have a friend or relative in the church?



Drop-OutsActive Mbrs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

Number of new friends in churchNumber of new friends in church

New Friendships Established New Friendships Established AfterAfter Membership Membership


Average number of new friends Average number of new friends in church for in church for activeactive members: members:

Average number of new friends Average number of new friends in church for in church for drop-outsdrop-outs::

77

22



10. Are there members whose level of involvement has suddenly declined?

10. Are there members whose level of involvement has suddenly declined?



Sensitive indicators:

1.1. Change in worship attendance patternChange in worship attendance pattern

2.2. Change in giving patternChange in giving pattern

3.3. Change in languageChange in language

Discussion Question:Discussion Question:

““What issues come What issues come to mind–for your to mind–for your church–from this church–from this

morningmorning’’s s sessions?”sessions?”

““What issues come What issues come to mind–for your to mind–for your church–from this church–from this

morningmorning’’s s sessions?”sessions?”

Good morning, and…Good morning, and…

Visitors:

The Key to Growth

Visitors:

The Key to Growth

Session TwoSession Two

Assumptions About VisitorsAssumptions About Visitors

1.1. No one joins a church without No one joins a church without first first visitingvisiting..

2.2. Visitors won’t tell you what Visitors won’t tell you what they really think about your they really think about your church.church.

3. You don’t have a second chance 3. You don’t have a second chance for a good for a good first impressionfirst impression..

1.1. No one joins a church without No one joins a church without first first visitingvisiting..

2.2. Visitors won’t tell you what Visitors won’t tell you what they really think about your they really think about your church.church.

3. You don’t have a second chance 3. You don’t have a second chance for a good for a good first impressionfirst impression..

How to Project Your Attendance for Next Year


- the - the numbernumber of visitors; of visitors;

- the - the retentionretention raterate of of

visitors;visitors;

- the - the backback doordoor rate. rate.

Your worship attendance one Your worship attendance one year from today depends on...year from today depends on...



Most first-time visitors determine whether they’re

coming back...

Most first-time visitors determine whether they’re

coming back...

based on the “friendliness” of the church.

before they leave the first time!

based on the “friendliness” of the church.

before they leave the first time!

How do visitors determine the “friendliness” of your church?How do visitors determine the “friendliness” of your church?

The number of people The number of people who talk to themwho talk to them!!!!

The number of people The number of people who talk to themwho talk to them!!!!

following the conclusion of the the conclusion of the

service!!service!!

following the conclusion of the the conclusion of the

service!!service!!

When do visitors determine the “friendliness” of your church?When do visitors determine the “friendliness” of your church?

After-service hostsAfter-service hosts

The first 10 minutesThe first 10 minutes

Non-growing GrowingChurches Churches

1st Time Guests

2nd Time Guests

3rd Time Guests

Non-growing GrowingChurches Churches

1st Time Guests

2nd Time Guests

3rd Time Guests

9%9% 21%21%

17%17% 38%38%

36%36% 57%57%

How Many Visitors Stay?How Many Visitors Stay?

Visits during a 6-week period

“a person welcomed into one’s house; a person to whom hospitality is extended; a person held in honor who is due special courtesies.”

“a person welcomed into one’s house; a person to whom hospitality is extended; a person held in honor who is due special courtesies.”

GuestGuest

“a person who resides temporarily; one who goes or comes to inspect; one who makes a short stay at a place for a particular purpose.”

“a person who resides temporarily; one who goes or comes to inspect; one who makes a short stay at a place for a particular purpose.”

VisitorVisitor

What Do You Call Them?What Do You Call Them?

“one who meets or extends welcome in a specified manner; one who gives a formal salutation at a meeting.”

“one who meets or extends welcome in a specified manner; one who gives a formal salutation at a meeting.”

GreeterGreeter

“one who receives or entertains socially; one who opens his or her home for a special event; one who takes particular care and concern that guests are well accommodated.”

“one who receives or entertains socially; one who opens his or her home for a special event; one who takes particular care and concern that guests are well accommodated.”

HostHost

What Do You Call Yourself?What Do You Call Yourself?

Parking hosts

Lobby hosts

Class hosts

Service hosts

Coffee hosts

Parking hosts

Lobby hosts

Class hosts

Service hosts

Coffee hosts

Where are your hosts?Where are your hosts?

After-service hosts After-service hosts

Friendliness and warmth of the Friendliness and warmth of the churchchurch

Character of the worship serviceCharacter of the worship service

Place for childrenPlace for children

Adult programAdult program

Church buildingChurch building

Reputation in the communityReputation in the community

Friendliness and warmth of the Friendliness and warmth of the churchchurch

Character of the worship serviceCharacter of the worship service

Place for childrenPlace for children

Adult programAdult program

Church buildingChurch building

Reputation in the communityReputation in the community

What are visitors looking for?What are visitors looking for?

Guidelines for Effective Visitor Follow-up

Guidelines for Effective Visitor Follow-up55

Time PrincipleTime Principle1. Contact guests within 48 hours of their visit.

1. Contact guests within 48 hours of their visit.



SUNSUN MONMON TUETUE WEDWED THUTHU FRIFRI SATSAT

Vis

itor

Ret

urn

Rat

eV

isit

or R

etu

rn R

ate HIGH

LOW

Time PrincipleTime Principle1. Contact guests within 48 hours of their visit.

1. Contact guests within 48 hours of their visit.



Purpose PrinciplePurpose Principle 2. The goal of the follow up contact is to see guests

return.

2. The goal of the follow up contact is to see guests

return.



9%9% 21%21%

17%17% 38%38%

36%36% 57%57%

Non-growing churches

Non-growing churches

Growing churchesGrowing churches

1st time guests1st time guests

2nd time guests2nd time guests

3rd time guests3rd time guests

Purpose PrinciplePurpose Principle 2. The goal of the follow up contact is to see guests

return.

2. The goal of the follow up contact is to see guests

return.



3. Laity should make follow-up contacts

3. Laity should make follow-up contactsPersonnel PrinciplePersonnel Principle

Small Group PrincipleSmall Group Principle5. The more small groups you provide, the more newcomers will get involved

5. The more small groups you provide, the more newcomers will get involved

Side-door PrincipleSide-door Principle4. Create opportunities for newcomers to become involved.

4. Create opportunities for newcomers to become involved.



Discussion Question…Discussion Question…

What are our visitor welcome procedures?What are our visitor welcome procedures?

How satisfied are we?How satisfied are we?

What could we do to improve?What could we do to improve?

The The First First YearYear

The The First First YearYear

Session ThreeSession Three

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Dro

p-o

ut

Rat

eD

rop

-ou

t R

ate

High

Low

MonthsMonths

The typical drop-out pattern in the first yearThe typical drop-out pattern in the first year

The First YearThe First Year

2. When a person drops out immediately 2. When a person drops out immediately after joining, the problem is usually: after joining, the problem is usually: with the evangelistic processwith the evangelistic process..


InformationTransmission

Non-Manip.Dialogue

SUBJECT

PROCLAIMER

STYLE

EMPHASIS

Teacher

Student

Impersonal

Information

Salesperson

Customer

Confrontation

Decision

Friend

Friend

Relational

Disciple

ManipulativeMonologue


Different Views of Evangelism

The highest drop-out rate!The highest drop-out rate!



Non-Manip.Dialogue

Teacher

Student

Impersonal

Information

Salesperson

Customer

Confrontation

Decision

Friend

Friend

Relational

Disciple

ManipulativeMonologue

Different Views of Evangelism

SUBJECT

PROCLAIMER

STYLE

EMPHASIS

The highest retention rate!The highest retention rate!



Non-Manip.Dialogue

Teacher

Student

Impersonal

Information

Salesperson

Customer

Confrontation

Decision

Friend

Friend

Relational

Disciple

Different Views of EvangelismManipulativeMonologue

SUBJECT

PROCLAIMER

STYLE

EMPHASIS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Dro

p-o

ut

Rat

eD

rop

-ou

t R

ate

MonthsMonths

The first six months


High

Low

1. Can I make friends in 1. Can I make friends in this church?this church?

2.2. Is there a place I can Is there a place I can fit in, in this church?fit in, in this church?

3.3. Does this church Does this church really want me?really want me?

First Six Months Second Six Months


The second six months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Dro

p-o

ut

Rat

e

High

Low

Months

The second six months


1. Are my new friends as 1. Are my new friends as good as my old ones?good as my old ones?

2.2. Is the benefit of being Is the benefit of being involved worth the cost?involved worth the cost?

3.3. Is my contribution Is my contribution important?important?


First Six Months Second Six Months

1. Can I make friends in 1. Can I make friends in this church?this church?

2.2. Is there a place I can Is there a place I can fit in, in this church?fit in, in this church?

3.3. Does this church Does this church really want me?really want me?

New Members Older Members

1. are members today because of a need being met in their life.


New Members and Older Members

What’s the Difference?






1. are members today because of relationships with those in the church.








2. tend to be enthusiastic about the present congregation.














2. have had one or more disillusioning experiences.






What’s the Difference?New Members Older Members







3. feel like outsiders with little sense of belonging.
















3. feel they have earned their sense of belonging.



3. feel they have earned their sense of belonging.









4. are usually future-oriented.








4. are often past-oriented.4. are often past-oriented.






5. are more open to change in the church.



4. are often past-oriented.4. are often past-oriented.









4. are often past-oriented.

5. are often concerned with perpetuating status quo.









6. have strong positive feelings toward present minister.




















6. “I remember Pastor Jones ...”











7. are not attached to the present building.



















7. often see the building as

a “sacred place.”

7. often see the building as

a “sacred place.”











So, What Do These Differences Mean To Us?

So, What Do These Differences Mean To Us?

1. New members will be seen as either 1. New members will be seen as either assetsassets or as or as liabilitiesliabilities..

2. New members provide the greatest pool for 2. New members provide the greatest pool for volunteersvolunteers..

3. New members should be well-represented in 3. New members should be well-represented in policy-makingpolicy-making positions. positions.

4. New members make an important contribution to 4. New members make an important contribution to the the evangelismevangelism and the and the assimilationassimilation committees. committees.

5. New members are excellent for starting 5. New members are excellent for starting newnew groupsgroups and classes. and classes.

SESSION FOUR

Characteristics of An

Assimilated Member


Assimilated Member


Assimilated Member


Assimilated Member 1. Friends in the church.1. Friends in the church.

2. A role or task consistent with 2. A role or task consistent with gift/interest/skills/personality gift/interest/skills/personality

3. Involved in a small group.3. Involved in a small group.

4. Regular in worship attendance.4. Regular in worship attendance.

5. Gives financially to the church.5. Gives financially to the church.

1. Friends in the church.1. Friends in the church.

2. A role or task consistent with 2. A role or task consistent with gift/interest/skills/personality gift/interest/skills/personality

3. Involved in a small group.3. Involved in a small group.

4. Regular in worship attendance.4. Regular in worship attendance.

5. Gives financially to the church.5. Gives financially to the church.

7. Feels a sense of spiritual growth.7. Feels a sense of spiritual growth.

8. Taken a public step of affiliation.8. Taken a public step of affiliation.

9. Praying regularly.9. Praying regularly.

10. Witnessing to friends/family.10. Witnessing to friends/family.

7. Feels a sense of spiritual growth.7. Feels a sense of spiritual growth.

8. Taken a public step of affiliation.8. Taken a public step of affiliation.

9. Praying regularly.9. Praying regularly.

10. Witnessing to friends/family.10. Witnessing to friends/family.

6. Understands and identifies with 6. Understands and identifies with the church’s goals. the church’s goals.

6. Understands and identifies with 6. Understands and identifies with the church’s goals. the church’s goals.


Assimilated Member


Assimilated Member

How Many of Your How Many of Your Members Are Members Are Assimilated?Assimilated?

How Many of Your How Many of Your Members Are Members Are Assimilated?Assimilated?

Church MemberChurch Member #1#1 #2#2 #3#3 #4#4 #5#5 #6#6

Jim Adams

Betty Burns

Harry Eckstrom

Marge Foster

Herbert Carter

Louise Gardiner

X X X

X XX

X

X X

X

X

Our Characteristics...Our Characteristics...

Review Quiz !!!Review Quiz !!!

SESSION FIVE

Small Groups:

A Key to Assimilation

Small Groups:

A Key to Assimilation

What is a “small group”?What is a “small group”?

A) Size of less than 25 peopleA) Size of less than 25 people

The goal affects the ideal sizeThe goal affects the ideal size

1. Intimacy1. Intimacy 3 - 8 3 - 8

2. Task Achievement2. Task Achievement 9 - 159 - 15

3. Fellowship3. Fellowship 16 - 25 16 - 25

1. Intimacy1. Intimacy 3 - 8 3 - 8

2. Task Achievement2. Task Achievement 9 - 159 - 15

3. Fellowship3. Fellowship 16 - 25 16 - 25

Goal Ideal SizeGoal Ideal Size


A) Size of less than 25 people

B) Strong & close sense of belonging among those who attend






C) Minimum of one meeting per month, for at least six months.







D) Contributes to the emotional, relational, and/or spiritual needs of participants.




D) Contributes to the emotional, relational, and/or spiritual needs of participants.


Ingredients of a healthy small group

Ingredients of a healthy small group

Spiritual growthSpiritual growth Service opportunityService opportunity Outreach to othersOutreach to others Meaningful friendshipsMeaningful friendships Intellectual growthIntellectual growth Fellowship & funFellowship & fun

Spiritual growthSpiritual growth Service opportunityService opportunity Outreach to othersOutreach to others Meaningful friendshipsMeaningful friendships Intellectual growthIntellectual growth Fellowship & funFellowship & fun

The group will provide:The group will provide:

What kind of groups are we talking about?




A. Covenant groupsA. Covenant groups

A. Covenant groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– long-term commitment

– group consent

– membership: 3 - 8

– homogeneous

A. Covenant groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– long-term commitment

– group consent

– membership: 3 - 8

– homogeneous





B. Study groupsB. Study groups

B. Study groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– pre-determined topic

– similar interests

– short-term (4-12 weeks; 6-8 ideal)

B. Study groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– pre-determined topic

– similar interests

– short-term (4-12 weeks; 6-8 ideal)





C. Evangelistic groupsC. Evangelistic groups

C. Evangelistic groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– topical

– no time commitment

– size varies

– neutral meeting place

C. Evangelistic groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– topical

– no time commitment

– size varies

– neutral meeting place





D. Action groupsD. Action groups

D. Action groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– focused on a clear goal beyond themselves

– limited time commitment

– size varies

– can involve non-members

D. Action groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– focused on a clear goal beyond themselves

– limited time commitment

– size varies

– can involve non-members





E. Support groupsE. Support groups

E. Support groupsE. Support groups

CHARACTERISTICS:

– emotional / spiritual support

– uses book or study guide

– 8-12 weeks

– no size limit (6- 8 ideal)

CHARACTERISTICS:

– emotional / spiritual support

– uses book or study guide

– 8-12 weeks

– no size limit (6- 8 ideal)



How Small Groups Can Be Part of Your Assimilation Strategy

How Small Groups Can Be Part of Your Assimilation Strategy

Increase the Increase the numbernumber of your groups. of your groups.

Increase the Increase the diversitydiversity of your groups. of your groups.

Increase the Increase the numbernumber of your groups. of your groups.

Increase the Increase the diversitydiversity of your groups. of your groups.

Key Questions To Answer Before Starting Your Next

Small Group…

Key Questions To Answer Before Starting Your Next

Small Group…

Ratios for Effective Assimilation

Ratios for Effective Assimilation

Friendship Ratio . . . . . . . . . .Friendship Ratio . . . . . . . . . . 1:7 1:7 Role/Task Ratio . . . . . . . . . . .Role/Task Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . 60:10060:100 Visitor Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Visitor Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:100 5:100 Visitor Retention Ratio . . . . . Visitor Retention Ratio . . . . . 1:4 1:4 Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:100 7:100 New Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . .New Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . 1:5 1:5 Group Involvement Group Involvement (O(O M)M) . . . . . . . . 75:10075:100 Group Involvement Group Involvement (N(N M)M) . . . . . . 9:10 9:10 Church Leadership Ratio . . .Church Leadership Ratio . . . 1:5 1:5

Friendship Ratio . . . . . . . . . .Friendship Ratio . . . . . . . . . . 1:7 1:7 Role/Task Ratio . . . . . . . . . . .Role/Task Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . 60:10060:100 Visitor Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Visitor Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:100 5:100 Visitor Retention Ratio . . . . . Visitor Retention Ratio . . . . . 1:4 1:4 Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:100 7:100 New Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . .New Group Ratio . . . . . . . . . . 1:5 1:5 Group Involvement Group Involvement (O(O M)M) . . . . . . . . 75:10075:100 Group Involvement Group Involvement (N(N M)M) . . . . . . 9:10 9:10 Church Leadership Ratio . . .Church Leadership Ratio . . . 1:5 1:5

When We Go Home ...

When We Go Home ...

Thanks for coming…Thanks for coming…

good morning, and… dr. charles arn. session one: introducing assimilation

Documents

church slide

assimilation slide

assimilation of newcomers

church membership

model of assimilation

church fellowship

church community

typical church