goltech upgraded paperback textbook final edit version...

2 Copyright © 2013 Davies Natural Therapies Pty Ltd atf The Davies Natural Therapies Trust All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in any form without permission forbidden.

ISBN: 978-0-9579258-1-6

Edition 1.01

Copyright © 2013 Davies Natural Therapies Pty Ltd atf The Davies Natural Therapies Trust 3

All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in any form without permission forbidden.

Contents Overview

Goltech® Overview...............................................................................................4

Disclaimer ..............................................................................................................5

Copyright ...............................................................................................................6

Dedication..............................................................................................................7

Thanks ....................................................................................................................7

About the Author..................................................................................................8

Testimonies......................................................................................................... 10

Forewords

Wayne Stafford (Myotherapist and Soft-Tissue Therapist) ............................16

Dr Wayne Sibson (Osteopath) ...............................................................................16

Imogen Cusack (Physiotherapist, Acupuncturist, Bowen Therapist)............17

Dr Leslie Fisher (Chiropractor)..............................................................................17

Dr Aida Vizcaya Guarin (Medical Practitoner – General Practice)................18

Contents: Outline .............................................................................................. 19

Contents: Detail ................................................................................................. 20

Figures and Tables

Figures ........................................................................................................................50

Diagnostic Aids ........................................................................................................59

Ranges of Motion (ROM) .......................................................................................60


Copyright

Author: Paul James Davies

This book is Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Davies Natural Therapies Pty Ltd atf

the Davies Natural Therapies Trust. All Rights Reserved.

Most anatomical pictures have been modified from the 20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the

Human Body, originally published in 1918 and therefore lapsed into the Public Domain. The

modified pictures and all charts and schematics are Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

Davies Natural Therapies Pty Ltd atf the Davies Natural Therapies Trust. All Rights Reserved.

Any illustrations containing the muscles Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, the Ilio-tibial Band,

Gastrocnemius, the surface rear shoulder muscles and some of the charts, are the work of Truin

Chapman. Thank you Truin, you have done a mighty job! By mutual agreement between us, you

need permission in writing of both the Copyright Owner and Truin Chapman before you make use

of them.

The photographs in the section “Goltech® Advanced: Strengthen and Stretch” were taken by Rory

O’Donnell and are Copyright © 2012 Rory O’Donnell. All Rights Reserved.

Published by Davies Natural Therapies Pty Ltd atf the Davies Natural Therapies Trust.

www.daviesnaturaltherapies.com.au

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www.goltechtherapy.com

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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system either electronic or

otherwise, or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever; electronic, photocopying or

recording in any way, without the prior written consent of the publisher. The only exception is

quotations in printed reviews.

ONLY PRACTITIONERS WHO HAVE UNDERTAKEN THE TRAINING

COURSE OR HAVE PURCHASED THE EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE FROM

THE OWNER ARE ENTITLED TO BE IN POSSESSION OF A COPY OF

THIS BOOK.

IF YOU HAVE OBTAINED A COPY BY OTHER MEANS YOU ARE IN

BREACH OF COPYRIGHT, AND IF CAUGHT YOU WILL BE

PROSECUTED.



Contents: Outline

Goltech® Basic: from Head to Toe

Introducing Goltech®: History & Development.................................................61

Theory & Principles .................................................................................................69

The Basic Moves .......................................................................................................77

Goltech® Advanced: Soft Tissue Presentations & Diagnosis

Body Basics ..............................................................................................................109

Presenting Pathologies ..........................................................................................137

Patient Presentations .............................................................................................155

Aids to Diagnosis ...................................................................................................161

Goltech® Advanced: Real Problems in the Real Clinic

Balance, Posture, & Spinal Alignment...............................................................185

Face, Neck, Back & Chest......................................................................................243

Shoulder, Arm, Elbow, Forearm, Wrist & Hand ..............................................305

Hip, Upper Leg, Knee, Lower Leg, Ankle & Foot ............................................381

Goltech® Advanced: Strengthen and Stretch

Introduction.............................................................................................................441

Posture ......................................................................................................................451

Core and Spine........................................................................................................457

Upper Limb..............................................................................................................483

Lower Limb..............................................................................................................501

Recommended Study...................................................................................... 513

Endnotes............................................................................................................ 514


Contents: Detail


Introducing Goltech®: History & Development ................................................ 61

A. What is Goltech®? ................................................................................................................... 62

B. The History of Goltech® ......................................................................................................... 62

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 2. The Shoulders on Which I Stand................................................................................................................... 62

(a) Bert Jeffries...................................................................................................................................................................... 62 (b) Finding the “Feel”.......................................................................................................................................................... 62 (c) Formal Training.............................................................................................................................................................. 63 (d) Tommy Bowen via Ossie Rentsch ............................................................................................................................... 63 (e) Bert Donald..................................................................................................................................................................... 63 (f) Lester Cox........................................................................................................................................................................ 63

3. Synthesis............................................................................................................................................................ 64

C. Case Histories .......................................................................................................................... 65

1. Back and Leg Pain: Case 1............................................................................................................................... 65 2. Pain in the Leg Six Months: Case 2 ................................................................................................................ 65 3. Unable to Raise Arm for 11 Years .................................................................................................................. 65 4. Chronic Pain and Blue Hand for 2 Years ...................................................................................................... 65 5. Chronic Back and Neck Pain for 10 Years: Case 1 ....................................................................................... 66 6. Chronic Back and Neck Pain for 10 Years: Case 2 ....................................................................................... 66

D. The Advantages of Goltech® ................................................................................................ 66

E. The Disadvantages of Goltech® ............................................................................................ 67

F. Bold Claims............................................................................................................................... 67




Theory & Principles .................................................................................................69

A. Basic Goltech® Theory ........................................................................................................... 70

1. Neuro-Protective Mechanisms of the Musculo-Tendonous Structure ...................................................... 70 (a) The Golgi Tendon Organ ...............................................................................................................................................70 (b) The Muscle Spindle ........................................................................................................................................................70

2. Hypothesis: How Goltech® Works................................................................................................................. 70 3. The Forces Involved in Cross-Fibre Massage ............................................................................................... 70

B. Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique & Myofascial Release ................................................. 71

1. Cross-Fibre Technique..................................................................................................................................... 71 (a) Correct Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique .....................................................................................................................71 (b) Incorrect Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique...................................................................................................................71

2. Goltech® Myofascial Release........................................................................................................................... 71

C. Order Is Important!................................................................................................................. 72

D. Contraindications to Goltech® ............................................................................................. 73

E. Fundamental Causes of Musculoskeletal Problems......................................................... 73

1. Injury to Soft Tissue ......................................................................................................................................... 73 2. Imbalances in Soft Tissue ................................................................................................................................ 74 3. Damage to Soft Tissue Which Has Not Resolved in a Healthy Way......................................................... 74

F. Basics in Resolving Musculoskeletal Problems ................................................................ 74

1. Imbalances in Soft Tissue Are Resolved........................................................................................................ 74 2. Damage to Soft Tissue is Resolved................................................................................................................. 75

G. The Basic Goltech® Approach .............................................................................................. 75

H. Basic Goltech® Procedure...................................................................................................... 75

I. Summary of Approach & Procedure .................................................................................... 75



The Basic Moves....................................................................................................... 77

A. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 78

1. Use DVD Disc 1 with This Section................................................................................................................. 78 2. Some Preliminary Explanation....................................................................................................................... 78

(a) Do It Right!...................................................................................................................................................................... 78 (b) Body Position Symbol ................................................................................................................................................... 78 (c) Arrow Convention ......................................................................................................................................................... 79 (d) Order of Manoeuvres.................................................................................................................................................... 79

B. Hip, Back & Neck.................................................................................................................... 80

1. Which Side of the Body First?......................................................................................................................... 80 2. Hips.................................................................................................................................................................... 80

(a) Gluteals ........................................................................................................................................................................... 80 (b) Femoral Rotators............................................................................................................................................................ 80 (c) Gluteals Revisited........................................................................................................................................................... 81 (d) Tensor Fascia Lata and Gluteus Medius..................................................................................................................... 81

3. Back.................................................................................................................................................................... 82 (a) Erector Spinae................................................................................................................................................................. 82 (b) Quadratus Lumborum .................................................................................................................................................. 82 (c) Lat & Trap ....................................................................................................................................................................... 83 (d) Upper Trap and Levator Scapula ................................................................................................................................ 83 (e) Upper Lat, Teres Major and Rear Deltoid................................................................................................................... 84 (f) Infraspinatus and Teres Minor...................................................................................................................................... 84

4. Neck & Rhomboids.......................................................................................................................................... 85 (a) Levator Scapula.............................................................................................................................................................. 85 (b) Neck Extensors & Lateral Flexors ................................................................................................................................ 86

Lateral Flexors .............................................................................................................................................................................. 86 Extensors & Lateral Flexors ......................................................................................................................................................... 87

(c) Rhomboids ...................................................................................................................................................................... 87 (d) Erector Spinae ................................................................................................................................................................ 88 (e) Neck Extensors ............................................................................................................................................................... 88 (f) Deep Occipital Neck Muscles........................................................................................................................................ 89

5. Hips Revisited .................................................................................................................................................. 89 (a) Psoas Procedure ............................................................................................................................................................. 89

C. Shoulder & Chest.................................................................................................................... 91

1. Pectorals ............................................................................................................................................................ 91 2. Front of Shoulder ............................................................................................................................................. 91

D. Arm & Hand ............................................................................................................................ 93

1. Upper Arm........................................................................................................................................................ 93 (a) Front of Upper Arm....................................................................................................................................................... 93 (b) Back of Upper Arm........................................................................................................................................................ 93

2. Lower Arm........................................................................................................................................................ 94 (a) Wrist Extensors............................................................................................................................................................... 94 (b) Wrist Flexors................................................................................................................................................................... 95 (c) Wrist Retinacula ............................................................................................................................................................. 95

3. Hand .................................................................................................................................................................. 96 (a) Hand Extensors .............................................................................................................................................................. 96 (b) Hand Flexors .................................................................................................................................................................. 96



E. Leg .............................................................................................................................................. 97

1. Back of Upper Leg............................................................................................................................................ 97 2. Back of Lower Leg............................................................................................................................................ 98

(a) Client Position .................................................................................................................................................................98 (b) Procedure.........................................................................................................................................................................98

General Calf 1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................98 General Calf 2 ...............................................................................................................................................................................99 Plantaris...................................................................................................................................................................................... 100 Popliteus ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 100

3. Front of Upper Leg......................................................................................................................................... 101 4. Front of Lower Leg......................................................................................................................................... 102

(a) Lateral Side of the Tibia I .............................................................................................................................................102 (b) Medial Side of the Tibia I.............................................................................................................................................102 (c) Lateral Side of the Tibia II ............................................................................................................................................103 (d) Medial Side of the Tibia II ...........................................................................................................................................104

5. Ankle & Foot ................................................................................................................................................... 105 (a) Dorsal Foot: Anatomy Review ....................................................................................................................................105 (b) Procedures .....................................................................................................................................................................105

Across the Malleoli...................................................................................................................................................................... 105 Across the Dorsum of the Foot .................................................................................................................................................... 105 Across the Retinacula.................................................................................................................................................................. 107



Body Basics.............................................................................................................. 109

A. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 110

B. Background to the Musculoskeletal System.................................................................... 110

1. Nervous Tissue............................................................................................................................................... 110 2. Epithelial Tissue ............................................................................................................................................. 111 3. Muscle Tissue ................................................................................................................................................. 111 4. Connective Tissue .......................................................................................................................................... 111

(a) The Importance of Connective Tissue ....................................................................................................................... 111 (b) General Roles of Connective Tissue .......................................................................................................................... 111 (c) Generally Accepted Classification of Connective Tissue ........................................................................................ 112 (d) Connective Tissue and the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) ......................................................................................... 113 (e) General Tasks of the ECM........................................................................................................................................... 113 (f) Proportional Composition of ECM............................................................................................................................. 113 (g) The Living Cells: Fibroblasts ...................................................................................................................................... 113 (h) Fibres ............................................................................................................................................................................. 113

Collagen.......................................................................................................................................................................................114 Reticular Fibres ...........................................................................................................................................................................114 Elastic Fibres ...............................................................................................................................................................................114 Fibronectin ..................................................................................................................................................................................114 Laminin .......................................................................................................................................................................................114

(i) Ground Substance......................................................................................................................................................... 114 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)........................................................................................................................................................115 Proteoglycans ..............................................................................................................................................................................115

Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid) ..........................................................................................................................................................115 (j) Connective Tissues of Vital Concern to Body-Workers............................................................................................ 115

C. The Basics of the Musculoskeletal System ...................................................................... 116

1. Bones................................................................................................................................................................ 116 (a) Periosteum .................................................................................................................................................................... 117

2. Joints: General Classification ........................................................................................................................ 117 3. Synovial Joints and their Components........................................................................................................ 117

(a) Articular or Joint Capsule (Capsular Ligament) ...................................................................................................... 118 (b) Synovial Membrane and Synovial Fluid................................................................................................................... 118 (c) Articular Disc................................................................................................................................................................ 118

The Knee: A Special Case.............................................................................................................................................................120 (d) Cartilage........................................................................................................................................................................ 120

The Perichondrium......................................................................................................................................................................121 Fibrocartilage...............................................................................................................................................................................121 Hyaline Cartilage ........................................................................................................................................................................122 Articular Hyaline Cartilage: Structure and Function .................................................................................................................122

Superficial Layer.................................................................................................................................................................................123 Transitional Layer ..............................................................................................................................................................................123 Deep Radial Layer ..............................................................................................................................................................................123 Calcified Cartilage Layer ....................................................................................................................................................................123

Educating Clients about their Joint Hyaline Cartilage ................................................................................................................123 Elastic Cartilage ..........................................................................................................................................................................124

(e) Ligaments...................................................................................................................................................................... 124 General Description.....................................................................................................................................................................124 Yellow Ligaments ........................................................................................................................................................................124 Classification of Ligaments by Location.......................................................................................................................................124



4. The Musculo-Tendonous Apparatus .......................................................................................................... 125 (a) Muscles...........................................................................................................................................................................125

Sarcomeres .................................................................................................................................................................................. 126 Myofibrils.................................................................................................................................................................................... 127 Muscle Fibres (Muscle Cells) ...................................................................................................................................................... 127 Muscle Fascicles.......................................................................................................................................................................... 128 Muscles ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 128 Muscle Innervation and Contraction .......................................................................................................................................... 128 Motor Units ................................................................................................................................................................................ 129 Motor Unit Pools ........................................................................................................................................................................ 130 Summary of Muscle Structure and Innervation ......................................................................................................................... 130 Muscle Contraction: Concentric, Eccentric, Isometric ................................................................................................................ 130 Muscle Spindle............................................................................................................................................................................ 130 Muscle Growth ........................................................................................................................................................................... 131

(b) Tendons .........................................................................................................................................................................131 Functions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 131 Tendon Sheath............................................................................................................................................................................. 132 Golgi Tendon Organ ................................................................................................................................................................... 133

(c) Aponeuroses & Fascia ..................................................................................................................................................133 A Sensible Differentiation between Aponeuroses and Fascia....................................................................................................... 133 Aponeuroses................................................................................................................................................................................ 134 Fascia and Myofascia .................................................................................................................................................................. 134 Important Recent Research on Fascia and Myofascia.................................................................................................................. 135

5. Bursae............................................................................................................................................................... 135



Presenting Pathologies.......................................................................................... 137

A. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 138

B. Headaches............................................................................................................................... 138

C. Chronic Pain Syndromes..................................................................................................... 138

D. Inflammatory Syndromes ................................................................................................... 138

(a) Diagnosis of Inflammation.......................................................................................................................................... 138 (b) Types of Inflammation ................................................................................................................................................ 138

Non-Sterile Inflammation............................................................................................................................................................139 Sterile Inflammation....................................................................................................................................................................139 Healing Inflammation .................................................................................................................................................................139 Chronic Destructive Inflammation..............................................................................................................................................139

E. Impingements and Compressions ..................................................................................... 139

1. Impingement or Compression of Ordinary Soft Tissue............................................................................ 139 (a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 139

2. Impingement or Compression of a Nerve .................................................................................................. 140 (a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 140 (b) Classification ................................................................................................................................................................ 140

F. Adhesion Syndrome ............................................................................................................. 140

1. Signs & Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................... 140

G. Muscle Problems .................................................................................................................. 140

1. Acute Spasm (Cramp) ................................................................................................................................... 140 2. Acute Muscle Strain....................................................................................................................................... 141

(a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 141 (b) Cause ............................................................................................................................................................................. 141 (c) Classification of Muscle Strain and Rupture Injuries............................................................................................... 141 (d) Treatment...................................................................................................................................................................... 141

3. Muscle Tear or Rupture................................................................................................................................. 141 (a) Partial Tear.................................................................................................................................................................... 141

Symptoms....................................................................................................................................................................................142 Treatment ....................................................................................................................................................................................142

(b) Complete Tear .............................................................................................................................................................. 142 Symptoms....................................................................................................................................................................................142 Treatment ....................................................................................................................................................................................142

4. Chronic Muscle Strain ................................................................................................................................... 142 (a) Defining the Problem................................................................................................................................................... 142

Ineffectively Treated Acute Strain ...............................................................................................................................................142 Chronic Muscle Fatigue ..............................................................................................................................................................142

(b) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143 (c) Treatment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 143

5. Haematoma (Bruise)...................................................................................................................................... 143 (a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143 (b) Treatment...................................................................................................................................................................... 143 (c) When Haematoma are Very Serious.......................................................................................................................... 143

Large Haematoma........................................................................................................................................................................143 Bleeding Within the Muscle Compartment .................................................................................................................................143 Bleeding Into or Around the Spinal Cord ....................................................................................................................................144

6. Chronic Muscle Imbalance & Dysfunction Issues ..................................................................................... 144

H. Fascial and Myofascial Problems ...................................................................................... 144

1. Inflamed and Hardened Fascia or Myofascia............................................................................................. 144 2. Tense or Hardened Fascia or Myofascia Without Current Inflammation .............................................. 144



I. Tendon Injuries ...................................................................................................................... 145

1. Tendonitis (also spelled ‘Tendinitis’)........................................................................................................... 145 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................145 (b) Treatment.......................................................................................................................................................................145

2. Calcification..................................................................................................................................................... 145 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................145 (b) Cause..............................................................................................................................................................................145 (c) Treatment .......................................................................................................................................................................145

3. Strain or Rupture............................................................................................................................................ 145 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................145

4. Tenosynovitis.................................................................................................................................................. 146 Please see the heading “2. Tenosynovitis” on page 153.

J. Tendon to Bone Connection Injuries ................................................................................. 146

1. Apophysitis (Tenoperiostitis) ....................................................................................................................... 146 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................146 (b) Causes ............................................................................................................................................................................146 (c) Treatment .......................................................................................................................................................................146

2. Avulsion .......................................................................................................................................................... 146 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................147 (b) Treatment.......................................................................................................................................................................147

K. Bone Injuries ......................................................................................................................... 147

1. Stress Fractures ............................................................................................................................................... 147 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................147 (b) Treatment.......................................................................................................................................................................147

2. Periostitis ......................................................................................................................................................... 147 (a) Symptoms ......................................................................................................................................................................147 (b) Location .........................................................................................................................................................................147 (c) Treatment .......................................................................................................................................................................147

L. Joint Problems........................................................................................................................ 148

1. Joint Capsule ................................................................................................................................................... 148 (a) Trauma ...........................................................................................................................................................................148 (b) Chronic Inflammation..................................................................................................................................................148

2. Cartilage .......................................................................................................................................................... 148 (a) Impinged Cartilage.......................................................................................................................................................148 (b) Tears of the Knee Menisci............................................................................................................................................148

Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................................... 149 (c) Inflammation .................................................................................................................................................................149

Tietze’s Syndrome (Costochondritis)........................................................................................................................................... 149 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)......................................................................................................................................................... 149

(d) Osteoarthritic Degeneration of Synovial Hyaline Cartilage....................................................................................149 Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................................... 149 Possible Causes ........................................................................................................................................................................... 149 Articular Hyaline Cartilage: Can it be Repaired? ....................................................................................................................... 150

3. Ligament Injuries............................................................................................................................................ 151 (a) Sprains and Ruptures ...................................................................................................................................................151

Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................................... 151 (b) Hypermobile Syndrome ..............................................................................................................................................151

Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................................... 152 Treatment.................................................................................................................................................................................... 152

(c) Hypomobile Syndrome ................................................................................................................................................152 Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................................... 152 Treatment.................................................................................................................................................................................... 152


M. Bursitis and Tenosynovitis ................................................................................................ 152

1. Bursitis............................................................................................................................................................. 152 (a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 152 (b) Common Locations of Bursitis ................................................................................................................................... 153 (c) Treatment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 153

2. Tenosynovitis.................................................................................................................................................. 153 (a) Symptoms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 153 (b) Cause ............................................................................................................................................................................. 153 (c) Treatment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 154




Patient Presentations .............................................................................................155

A. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 156

B. Pain .......................................................................................................................................... 156

1. Location of Pain Receptors............................................................................................................................ 156 2. Causes of Pain................................................................................................................................................. 156 3. Aspects of Pain ............................................................................................................................................... 157 4. Identifying the Painful Tissue....................................................................................................................... 157

(a) Muscle or Tendon Pain Due to Acute Injury.............................................................................................................157 (b) Muscle Pain Due to Chronic Strain ............................................................................................................................157 (c) Ligament Pain................................................................................................................................................................157 (d) Bone Pain.......................................................................................................................................................................158 (e) Nerve Pain or Involvement..........................................................................................................................................158 (f) Vascular Pain or Involvement......................................................................................................................................158 (g) Stretch Pain....................................................................................................................................................................158 (h) Compression or Pressure Pain. ...................................................................................................................................158

C. Restricted Movement ........................................................................................................... 158

1. Characteristics of the Restriction.................................................................................................................. 158 2. Identifying the Tissue Causing the Restriction........................................................................................... 159

(a) Bone-on-Bone ................................................................................................................................................................159 (b) Impinged or Misplaced Cartilage, Tendon or Ligament .........................................................................................159 (c) Chronic Muscle Tightness............................................................................................................................................159 (d) Acute Muscular Spasm or Inflammation...................................................................................................................159 (e) Joint Adhesions .............................................................................................................................................................160 (f) Visceral Pain...................................................................................................................................................................160



Aids to Diagnosis................................................................................................... 161

A. Joint Ranges of Motion (ROM).......................................................................................... 162

1. Important Observations ................................................................................................................................ 162 2. Ranges of Motion: Master Table................................................................................................................... 162

B. Diagnostic Aids: Master Tables ......................................................................................... 164

1. Face & Jaw....................................................................................................................................................... 164 (a) Face & Jaw Conditions ................................................................................................................................................ 164 (b) Agreed Dermatomal Landmarks: Face & Jaw.......................................................................................................... 164

2. General Neck and Back ................................................................................................................................. 164 (a) General Neck & Back Conditions............................................................................................................................... 164

Maigne’s Test ..............................................................................................................................................................................165 (b) Transition Areas of the Spine ..................................................................................................................................... 165 (c) Apices of the Spinal Curves ........................................................................................................................................ 165 (d) Landmarks in the Location of Vertebra .................................................................................................................... 166 (e) Dermatomal Landmarks ............................................................................................................................................. 166 (f) Myotomal Landmarks.................................................................................................................................................. 167

3. Head and Neck............................................................................................................................................... 168 (a) Head & Neck Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 168 (b) Transition Areas of the Cervical Spine...................................................................................................................... 169 (c) Apex of the Cervical Spinal Curve............................................................................................................................. 169 (d) Landmarks in the Location of Cervical Vertebra..................................................................................................... 169 (e) Dermatomal Landmarks: Head and Neck ................................................................................................................ 169

4. Upper & Mid-Back......................................................................................................................................... 170 (a) Upper & Mid-Back Conditions................................................................................................................................... 170

Gibbous Sign ...............................................................................................................................................................................170 (b) Transition Areas of the Thoracic Spine ..................................................................................................................... 170 (c) Apex of the Thoracic Spinal Curve ............................................................................................................................ 170 (d) Landmarks in the Location of Thoracic Vertebra .................................................................................................... 171 (e) Dermatomal Landmarks: Upper & Mid-Back .......................................................................................................... 171

5. Lower Back...................................................................................................................................................... 171 (a) Lower Back Conditions ............................................................................................................................................... 171 (b) Transition Areas of the Lumbar Spine ...................................................................................................................... 171 (c) Apex of the Lumbar Spinal Curve ............................................................................................................................. 172 (d) Landmarks in the Location of Lumbar & Sacral Vertebra...................................................................................... 172 (e) Dermatomal Landmarks: Lower Back....................................................................................................................... 172

6. Chest ................................................................................................................................................................ 173 (a) Chest Conditions.......................................................................................................................................................... 173 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Chest ................................................................................................................................. 173 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Chest ..................................................................................................................................... 173

7. Shoulder .......................................................................................................................................................... 174 (a) Shoulder Conditions.................................................................................................................................................... 174 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Shoulder ........................................................................................................................... 174 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Shoulder................................................................................................................................ 174

8. Arm-Hand Pain.............................................................................................................................................. 175 (a) Arm-Hand Pain: The Brachial Plexus & The Axillary Nerve ................................................................................. 175 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Shoulder to Hand............................................................................................................ 175 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Shoulder to Hand ................................................................................................................ 175

9. Elbow............................................................................................................................................................... 176 (a) Elbow Conditions......................................................................................................................................................... 176 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Elbow................................................................................................................................ 176 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Elbow .................................................................................................................................... 176



10. Forearm, Wrist & Hand............................................................................................................................... 177 (a) Forearm, Wrist & Hand Conditions I .........................................................................................................................177 (b) Forearm, Wrist & Hand Conditions II........................................................................................................................178 (c) Dermatomal Landmarks: Forearm, Wrist & Hand ...................................................................................................178 (d) Myotomal Landmarks: Forearm, Wrist & Hand ......................................................................................................179

11. Hip & Upper Leg.......................................................................................................................................... 179 (a) Hip & Upper Leg Conditions ......................................................................................................................................179 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Hip & Upper Leg .............................................................................................................180 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Hip & Upper Leg..................................................................................................................180

12. Knee................................................................................................................................................................ 181 (a) Knee Conditions............................................................................................................................................................181 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Knee...................................................................................................................................181 (c) Myotomal Landmarks: Knee .......................................................................................................................................182

13. Lower Leg, Ankle & Foot ............................................................................................................................ 182 (a) Lower Leg Conditions..................................................................................................................................................182 (b) Dermatomal Landmarks: Lower Leg .........................................................................................................................182 (c) Dermatomal Landmarks: Ankle & Foot .....................................................................................................................182 (d) Myotomal Landmarks: Ankle & Foot ........................................................................................................................182 (e) Ankle & Foot Conditions .............................................................................................................................................183

C. Standard Anatomical Planes of the Body......................................................................... 184


Goltech® Advanced: Real Problems in the Real Clinic

Balance, Posture, & Spinal Alignment .............................................................. 185

A. A Little Revision ................................................................................................................... 186

1. Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique................................................................................................................... 186 (a) Incorrect Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique................................................................................................................ 186 (b) Correct Goltech® Cross-Fibre Technique .................................................................................................................. 186

2. Goltech® Myofascial Release......................................................................................................................... 186 (a) Basics of the Technique ............................................................................................................................................... 186

Two Examples .............................................................................................................................................................................186 The Calf ..............................................................................................................................................................................................186 Tibialis Anterior .................................................................................................................................................................................186

(b) Why Is It Important? ................................................................................................................................................... 187 (c) Developing “Feel”: When to Myofascially Release.................................................................................................. 188 (d) Further Examples of Myofascial Release .................................................................................................................. 188

B. Balance Is Crucial.................................................................................................................. 189

1. Balancing the Whole Body............................................................................................................................ 189 2. Balancing the Kinetic Chain.......................................................................................................................... 190 3. Balancing the Muscles Surrounding a Joint................................................................................................ 190 4. The Ankle: Showing the Need for Balance ................................................................................................. 191

(a) A Real Case History..................................................................................................................................................... 192 My Diagnosis and Treatment......................................................................................................................................................193

(b) Conclusion to the Ankle.............................................................................................................................................. 193 5. Further Considerations in Balance............................................................................................................... 193

(a) The Distribution of Forces........................................................................................................................................... 193 Post and Lintel in Force Distribution..........................................................................................................................................194 Arch in Force Distribution ..........................................................................................................................................................194

(b) The Concept of Elastic Resilience............................................................................................................................... 195 General Concepts.........................................................................................................................................................................195 Rubber Band Metaphor ...............................................................................................................................................................195 Application to the Human Body ..................................................................................................................................................195

(c) Achilles Problems: Highlighting Force Distribution and Elastic Resilience ......................................................... 197 Achilles Tendonitis: A Real Case History....................................................................................................................................197

My Treatment ....................................................................................................................................................................................197 Conclusion to Achilles Tendonitis ...............................................................................................................................................198

(d) The Interconnectedness of the Myofascia................................................................................................................. 198 (e) Highlighting the Interconnectedness of the Myofascia ........................................................................................... 198

A Stubbornly Tight Neck: A Real Case History ..........................................................................................................................198 My Treatment ....................................................................................................................................................................................198

6. Balance is Crucial: Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 199

C. Posture Is Crucial .................................................................................................................. 200

1. What Is Posture?............................................................................................................................................. 200 (a) Kinetic or Active Posture ............................................................................................................................................ 200

Correct Lifting Technique............................................................................................................................................................200 (b) Static Posture ................................................................................................................................................................ 200

Standing Posture.........................................................................................................................................................................200 Sitting Posture ............................................................................................................................................................................201

Sitting at a Table ................................................................................................................................................................................201 Sleeping Posture ..........................................................................................................................................................................201

2. Basic Postural Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 201 (a) Pelvic Tilt ...................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Structural or Functional?............................................................................................................................................................201 Key Muscles in Pelvic Tilt...........................................................................................................................................................202 Lateral Pelvic Tilt ........................................................................................................................................................................202

The Key Muscle in Lateral Pelvic Tilt ................................................................................................................................................203 Rotational Pelvic Tilt...................................................................................................................................................................204

The Key Muscle in Anterior Rotational Pelvic Tilt ............................................................................................................................204 The Crucial Role of Shortened Psoas Major in Biomechanical Dysfunction .......................................................................................205

(b) Head Position ............................................................................................................................................................... 206 (c) Mid-Back ....................................................................................................................................................................... 206



3. Postural Training............................................................................................................................................ 207 (a) Mid-Back & Head Position Exercise ...........................................................................................................................207

Visualisation to Set Posture ........................................................................................................................................................ 209 (b) Test for Tight Psoa

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