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1. What is the treatment for Hairy

Leukoplakia?

Acyclovir

2. In a patient with tonsilar exudate

is is more commonly bacterial or

viral?

Viral 70%

Bacterial 30%

3. Lower lip malignancy =Upper lip malignancy =

Lower lip =squamous cell

carcinoma

Upper lip = basal

cell carcinoma

4. First location on body that shows

hyperpigmentation due to

Addison's?

Buccal mucosa

5. Diagnosis for lack of peristalsis in

upper 1/3 of esophagus?

Myesthenia Gravis

6. Why would the mother of a

newborn with TEF have an over

sized stomach?

Polyhydramnios

7. Patient presents with halatosis

and food coming out of their nose -

diagnosis?

Zenker's

diverticulum

8. Acquired achalaia and

Hirschprung in an adult - what is

the diagnosis?

Chagas disease

9. Most common cause of

hematochezia?

Diverticulosis

10.When would a patient present with

Haman's crunch?

Borhavve syndrome

11.Why are Upper GI bleeds black? Presence of Hematin

in stool

12.What is the most common cause of

malabsorption?

Celiac

13. HIV patient presents with Whipple

lie symptoms what is the

diagnosis?

Mycobacterium

Avium (MAI)

14. Mechanism of Invasive diarrhea? Bacteria invades the

enterocytes

15. Mechanism of secretory diarrhea? Bacteria toxin

increases cellular

cAMP or cGMP

16. Most common cause of osmotic

diarrhea?

Lactase deficiency

17.Volume of stool for Secretory

diarrhea

High

18.Volume of stool for osmotic

diarrhea

High

19.Volume of stool for invasive

diarrhea

Low

20. Is osmotic diarrhea cause a hyper,

iso, of hypotonic water loss?

Hypotonic

21. pH of stool in lactase deficiency Low

22. Substance you must give with water to

re-hydrate patient with secretory

diarrhea?

Glucose

23. Most common cause of invasive

diarrhea?

Campylobacter

24. Diagnosis if diarrhea is described as

"partially acid fast"

Cryptosporidium

25. Suspected C. Diff infection-how do

you confirm diagnosis?

Stool antigen

26. Imaging of small bowel obstruction

shows what?

Step ladder

appearance - air,

fluid, air, fluid

27.What is colicy pain a sign of? Obstruction

28. Describe colicky pain Pain with

completely pain

free intervals

29.What is obstipation? No stool, no gas

30. Most common cause of intestinal

obstruction?

Adhesion

31. Does the small bowel or large bowel

more commonly obstruct?

Small bowel

32. Difference between pain in small

bowel ischemia and colon ischemia?

Small bowel=

diffuse pain

Colon= Verylocalized pain

33. Most common location of

angiodysplasia?

Cecum

34. Diverticulum and polyps look very

similar on gross exam, how can you

tell the difference?

Polyp - Into the

lumen of bowel

Diverticulum -

Out of the wall of

the bowel

35. Most common location of fistula

formation in diverticulosis?

Bladder

36. Only disease to produce right lower

quadrant colicky pain?

Crohn's

37. Histology from a colon polyp shows

strawberry on a stick appearance-

diagnosis?

Tubular

addenoma

38. How will the stool appear of someone

with a Villous adenoma?

Covered in

mucous

39. True or false- All carcinoid tumors

are malignant?

True

40. Colon cancer causing a iron

deficiency is on what side?

Right side

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41. Is AST or ALT a

specific liver enzyme?

ALT

42. Organelle that contains

GGT?

Smooth ER

43. In addition to AFP

what marker will be

elevated in

heptocellularcarcinoma?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin

44. Give in order from

most to least common

the types of Viral

hepatitis?

A,B,C,D,E

45. Is there nutmeg liver in

Portal hypertension

No

46. Is there nutmeg liver in

Budd-Chiari

Yes

47. Cell that stores Vitamin

A

Ito cells

48.Which cell starts lying

down fibrous tissue in

cirrhosis?

Ito cell

49.Will a patient with

primary biliary

cirrhosis present with

jaundice?

Not until very late in the disease

50. Two drugs that cause

benign intrahepatic

cholestsis?

Oral contraceptives and anabolic

steroids

51. In what age group are

iron supplements

contraindicated?

Elderly

52. Is free copper and total

copper increased or

decreased in Wilson's

Free copper= Increase

Total copper= Decrease

53.What is Dupatron's

contracture

Contracture of the fingers due to

fibrous tissue forming around the

tendons due to increased estrogen

in cirrhosis

54. Causal organism of

sporadic peritonitis ina child?

Strep pneumo

55. Causal organism of

sporadic peritonitis in

adults?

E. Coli

56. First imaging study to

order in any pathology

of the pancreas?

CT

57. First imaging study to

order in gallbladder

pathology?

Ultrasound

58. Imaging shows C-sign on

barium study of the

abdomen- diagnosis?

Pancreatic carcinoma in the

head of the pancreas

59. True of false acute

pancreatitis stop peristalsis

in duodenum close to

pancreas?

True- this is localized ileus

60. Most common metabolicbone disease in annorexia?

Osteoporosis

61.Acid/Base disturbance in a

bulemic?

Met. Alkalosis

62. Most common complication

of obesity?

Hypertension

63.Why does a child with

Kwashikor have red hair?

Copper deficiency

64. Excess Vit._____results in

cerebral edema and

hepatotoxicity?

Vit. A

65. Breast milk lacks what 2

vitamins?

D, K

66.What is the effect on p450 of

phenytoin, alcohol,

barbituates, and rifampin?

Induce p450

67.What is the effect on Vit. D

with increased p450

activity?

Vit. D deficiency

68. How does Vit. E help

prevent athrosclerosis?

neutralizes oxidized LDL

69.

Hemolytic anemia andneurological symptoms

what is the diagnosis?

Vit. E deficiency

70.What is the result in Vit. E

toxicity?

Bleeding due to lack of

factors II, VII, IX, X, C,S

71. How does Vit. E decrease

coagulation factors?

Decreases the synthesis of

coagulation factors, (does

not inhibit epoxide

reductase)

72. Most common cause of Vit.

K deficiency?

Antibiotics

73. How do you treat rat poisonoverdose?

Vit. K injection (rat poisonis essentially Warfarin)

74.What type of collagen is

weak in Vit. C deficiency?

Type 1

75.What type of kidney stone

forms in Vit. C toxicity?

Uric acid stones

76.What vitamin must you

always give to patient in ER

before giving glucose?

B1

77. Co-factor for glutathione

reductase

B2


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78.What is

function of

chromium?

Glucose tolerence factor, allows insulin to do

job

79. Chromium

deficiency?

Hyperglycemia and glucosuria refractory to

insulin ,Peripheral neuropathy

,Encephalopathy, Hyperlipidemia

80. Copper

deficiency?

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Neutropenia Osteopenia

Depigmentation of skin & hair

Skeletal abnormalities

Neurologic abnormalities

81. Copper

excess?

Acute (rare): nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

epigastric abdominal pain, coma, oliguria,

acute renal failure, hepatic necrosis, vascular

collapse, and death

Chronic: accumulates in liver (hepatic

necrosis & cirrhosis), kidneys (renal failure),

brain (neurologic disorders), & corneas

82. Fluoride

deficiency?

Contributes to dental caries

83. Fluoride

excess?

Acute, high dose (5-10 g)- death

Chronic (years of 20-80 mg/day) - mottling of

teeth, calcification of tendons & ligaments,

exostoses, & increased

84. Iodine

dificiency?

Newborns - spontaneous abortions,

stillbirths, congenital abnormalities,

hypothyroidism, dwarfism, deafness & severe

mental retardation (cretinism), increased

perinatal and infant mortality,

Adults - thyroid goiter & hypothyroidism,impaired mentation

85. Iodine

excess?

Chronic ingestion of large quantities can lead

to hypothyroidism with goiter or

hyperthyroidism

86. Iron

deficiency?

Most common nutrient deficiency in U.S.

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia (causing

tachycardia, fatigue, pallor, and altered mental

and motor development)

Glossitis

Impaired temperature regulation in the cold

Decreased resistance to infection

87. Iron

excess?

Cirrhosis

Diabetes mellitus

Hyperpigmentation (gray tinge) of the skin

Other

Fatigue

Testicular atrophy & sterility

Arthropathy

Cardiac arrhythmias

Hypothyroidism

88. Manganese

deficiency?

dermatitis and hypocholesterolemia

89. Manganese

excess?

Neurotoxicity

90. Molybdenum

deficiency?

amino acid intolerance, irritability, visual field

defects, coma

91. Molybdenum

excess?

Excess of 10 to 15 g/day can cause gout-like

syndrome with elevated serum molybdenum,

uric acid, and xanthine oxidase

92. Selenium

deficiency?

muscular discomfort or weakness

Cardiomyopathy

93. Selenium

excess?

Garlic smell to breath (from production of

dimethylselenide in body and release from the

lungs)

Nausea and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Loss of hair & nails

Tenderness & loss of fingernails

Diarrhea

94. Zinc

deficiency?

Alopecia

Skin rash of face, groins, hands, & feet Growth retardation

Delayed sexual development

Impaired wound healing & immune function

Diarrhea

Blunting of taste and smell

95. Zinc excess? Epigastric abdominal pain

Nausea & vomiting

Diarrhea

Chronic (>20 mg/day orally)

Decreased serum copper levels

(hypocupremia)

Microcytosis & neutropenia Reduced HDL cholesterol

Impaired immune

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