Countries on the Atlantic rim were closer to America than any Asian competitor

European innovations in ____ gave them an advantage in entering the Atlantic Ocean World

Conquistadors Sailed for

Natives who resented the Aztec rule joined with the

____against the AztecGlobal impact – collapse of Native American societies

Transformed many North American tribes – abandoned farms and hunted and causing conflict with other tribes

Went to Ireland – and population grew rapidly – years later many dies as a fungus destroyed the crops – caused millions of Irish to leave their homeland

___mines of Peru and Mexico fueled transatlantic commerce

Legal system that gave the right to the Spanish to force labor

Gold, Glory and Godmapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques, and ship design

SpanishThe Great DyingHorses

Potatoes Silver Encomienda

Portugal, Spain, Britain and France

17th century –____system – large plantation owners employed natives – low wages, high taxes, creating large debts to landowners

Spanish born living in America

Spanish born in America

European and African Brazil and British, French, and Dutch islands of the

Caribbean – aka___Europe’s taste for __ fueled the Slave trade

Less racial mixing in this part of the Americas

Unlike slavery before, the slavery in America was associated with

Reason that British North America had a high literacy rate

Creoles Peninsulares

Mulatto sugar islandsSugar

British North America

Race – “Blackness”British Protestants wanted their children to read the Bible

hacienda

They established the first mandatory schools in the new

world

Wealthy invested in new colonies

Company invested in Jamestown

For much of the 17th century the English government ignored or neglected the

colonies

fur bearing animals in Russia – pelts were in world

demand

1689-1725 Modernization, administration changes, manufacturing, nobles made to dress European

15th century plus / Muslim rule to Largely Christian society in southeastern

Europe

17th and 18th century China built a new Empire - Nomadic (foreign) from north of Great Wall

India / Ruling dynasty Muslim people 20%Most of the rest were Hindu

Virginia aka London Joint stock companies

salutary neglect“Soft Gold” Peter the Great

Ottoman Empire Qing or Manchu Dynasty 1644-1912

Mughal Empire

Puritans

Required Christian communities to turn over a quota of young boys

Portuguese1497-1499 voyage to India Spread of African people

slave trip, part of the Triangle Trade

City in Northern Italy center of trade

The Mughal ruler ___favored policies that promoted a hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan

Impact on the Native population as a result of the Nroth American Fur Trade

Japan’s silver production led to?

African Diaspora Vasco da Gama

Middle passage Venice Akbar

They expelled Europeans except the Dutch

Natives became dependent on the Europeans goods / Alcohol

End of Civil War and unification

Devshirme

Late 1500’s the Chinese required taxed paid in silver. Impact to silver?

Most of the African Slaves were sold to the waiting Europeans

by ____

The most influential defender of American

Indians in the early colonial period

African population to Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to Western Hemisphere- This describes?

Whose authority arbitrated Spain’s and Portugal’s rival claims in the New world?

How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru

affect international commerce?

Bartolome de las Casas Other Africans

Columbian ExchangeThe Catholic Pope Enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain

Prices rose drastically