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GOES Solar Radiation Products GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable Energyin Support of Renewable Energy

Presented byIstvan Laszlo

NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)

2010 GOES‐R Algorithm Working Group and GOES‐R Risk Reduction ReviewThe Madison Concourse Hotel, Madison, WI

7‐11 June, 2010

12010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010

OutlineOutline

•

Project goal and tasks•

Team

•

Interactions with AWG and leveraging•

Accomplishments

•

Results•

Plans and Recommendations


The The ““GOES Solar Radiation Products in GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable EnergySupport of Renewable Energy””

ProjectProject

•

Objective: Modify/improve and test the geostationary solar radiation budget

algorithms such that they meet the requirements of solar energy (SE)

industry.

•

Tasks: 1.increase spatial resolution: 4 km for GSIP, 2 km for GOES‐R (GPSDI,R3);2.add solar radiation from METEOSAT and MTSAT (GPSDI);3.add direct normal and diffuse radiation as products (R3);4.use EOS aerosol and surface reflectance data (AWG); 5.add tailored products (e.g., averages) (R3);6.create and evaluate climatology of GOES‐based solar radiation data

for renewable energy (R3)


The The ““GOES Solar Radiation Products in GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable EnergySupport of Renewable Energy””

ProjectProject

•

Team: –

NOAA/STAR: I. Laszlo, H. Liu, A. Heidinger (UW), M. Goldberg, F.

Weng; support scientist (not yet hired; progress somewhat limited)–

NOAA/OAR/ESRL: E. Dutton; –

US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Renewable Energy

Laboratory (NREL): B. Walter, T. Stoffel, M. Sengupta–

the project contributes to NOAA’s Renewable Energy Proposal lead by

M. Marquis.

•

Leveraging with other projects & interactions with AWG–

Tasks 1 and 2 are performed in the GOES‐PSDI project ““Upgrades in

GOES Solar Radiation Product Suite for Coral Reef Watch Products”–

Tasks 1, 3, and 4 are performed in part by the AWG Cloud and

Radiation Budget ATs


AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

•

Calculated solar energy (SE)‐specific products from GSIP‐CONUS

archive for 05/2001‐04/2010–

hourly (in local solar time), daily and monthly averages of total, direct

and diffuse radiation, their variability (anomalies), insolation

clearness

index, etc.

•

Reprocessed GSIP‐CONUS data for 01/2008‐04/2010 using SMOBA

(Stratosphere Monitoring Ozone Blended Analysis) ozone. (The

operational GSIP‐CONUS algorithm uses constant ozone.)

•

Revised GOES‐R ABI SW radiation budget algorithm to calculate and

output the direct and diffuse components.

•

Performed preliminary evaluation of GOES‐R ABI‐algorithm retrieved

instantaneous direct and diffuse components.

•

Held an informal meeting with T. Stoffel, M. Sengupta (DOE/NREL);

discussed collaboration and data/algorithm exchange.


SE Requirements for Satellite Solar SE Requirements for Satellite Solar Radiation DataRadiation Data

•

The future energy system in the US will have substantial

dependence on wind and solar power.

•

New observations networks, measurement systems and

more data are needed.

•

An increased use of solar energy (SE) on a large scale

requires better availability of solar information to help

SE planning (e.g., siting of SE plants).

•

Current GOES‐based solar radiation products are

designed to satisfy requirements for–

prediction of coral reef health;–

assimilation in and evaluation of hydrological models.•

Data available from current GOES‐based estimates of

solar radiation need to be tailored for SE industry use.

•

Current technologies of solar energy use Photovoltaic

(PV) cells and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems.

These require timely and accurate estimate of total and

direct irradiances, respectively.


Selected Solar Energy Specific ProductsSelected Solar Energy Specific Products

Average insolation (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth)

Midday insolation (Average insolation available within 1.5 hours of Local Solar Noon)

Clear sky insolation (Average insolation during clear sky days)

Clear sky days (Number of clear sky days (cloud amount < 10%))

Diffuse radiation on horizontal surface (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth under

all‐sky conditions with direct radiation from the Sun's beam blocked

)

Direct normal radiation (Amount of solar radiation at the Earth's surface on a flat surface perpendicular to the Sun's

beam with surrounding sky radiation blocked)

Insolation at hourly intervals (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth during one hour)

Insolation clearness index (Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the surface of the

Earth)

Insolation normalized clearness index (Zenith angle‐independent expression of the insolation clearness

index)

Clear sky insolation clearness index

(Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the

surface of the earth during clear sky days)

Minimum available insolation as % of average values over consecutive‐day period

(Insolation based on minimum consecutive‐day insolation over various numbers of days within the month)


NESDIS Satellite Solar NESDIS Satellite Solar ProductsProducts

•

Operational, GOES‐based, solar radiation products–

GSIP‐CONUS:•

GOES Surface and Insolation Product (GSIP) for the Contiguous

United States (CONUS) –

Since 1996–

GSIP‐fd:•

full disk version of GSIP at higher spatial resolution –

Since May 2009–

GOES‐R/ABI (under development):•

Downward Solar Radiation (DSR) at surface derived from the

Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the future GOES‐R


Characteristics of GOES Surface Characteristics of GOES Surface Solar Radiation ProductsSolar Radiation Products

Current Future

Product GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd GOES‐R/ABI*

Domain CONUS •Northern

Hemisphere (NH)

•Full Disk (FD)

•CONUS (C)•Full Disk (FD)•Mesoscale (M)

Spatial

Resolution

~56 km(0.5x0.5 degrees)

~14 km(1/8x1/8 degrees)

C: 25 kmFD: 50 kmM: 5 km

Temporal

Resolution

instantaneous instantaneous instantaneous

Refresh rate 1 hour 1 hour (NH)3 hours (FD)

1 hour

Latency 50 minutes 50 minutes 54 minutes


*Reflects current requirements; does not meet SE needs

GOES Surface Solar Radiation GOES Surface Solar Radiation Product MatrixProduct Matrix

Current Future

Product GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd GOES‐

R/ABI*

all‐sky surface global downward SW flux X X X

all‐sky surface global upward SW flux X X

all‐sky surface diffuse downward SW flux X

all‐sky surface total downward visible flux X X

all‐sky surface diffuse downward visible flux X

clear‐sky surface total downward SW flux X X

clear‐sky surface total upward SW flux X X

all‐sky surface total absorbed (net) SW flux X

total = direct + diffuse fluxes; SW=0.2‐4.0 μm (solar); visible: 0.4‐0.7 μm


*Reflects current requirements; does not meet SE needs

GSIPGSIP‐‐CONUS ProductCONUS Product•

Examples of the GSIP‐CONUS product

for March 15, 2010 at 17:15 UTC–

cloud cover–

total (direct+diffuse) surface insolation–

direct normal flux at surface•

calculated as (global‐diffuse)/cos(solar zenith angle)

• No direct

radiation at

surface due to

optically thick

clouds.

• CSPs will not

operate –

utility

company must

use other

(convectional)

means to

generate

electricity.


GSIPGSIP‐‐CONUS ProductCONUS Product Hourly/Daily/Monthly AveragesHourly/Daily/Monthly Averages

Hourly and daily

averages for Bondville,

IL for September 2002

Hourly and daily

averages for Bondville,

IL for September 2002

From the instantaneous GSIP‐CONUS data hourly,

daily and monthly averages are calculated.


GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily Total RadiationMonthly Average Daily Total Radiation

•

10‐year monthly averages of total solar radiation for July and October•

~8 MJ m‐2

day‐1

difference between western and eastern US in July in available solar energy•

~8 MJ m‐2

day‐1

difference between July and October

2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 13

GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily DirectMonthly Average Daily Direct‐‐Normal Total Normal Total

RadiationRadiation

•

10‐year monthly averages of direct‐normal solar radiation for July

and October –

effect of solar angle is minimized


GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily ClearMonthly Average Daily Clear‐‐Sky Total Sky Total

RadiationRadiation

•

10‐year monthly averages of cloud‐free solar radiation for July and

October


GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily Cloud FractionMonthly Average Daily Cloud Fraction

•

10‐year monthly averages of cloud fraction for July and October• shades of blue show cloud fraction < 0.5, those of red show cloud fraction > 0.5


GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Monthly Average Daily DirectMonthly Average Daily Direct‐‐Normal RadiationNormal Radiation

•

Time series of monthly average Direct‐Normal Radiation for

Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO


GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Anomaly of Monthly Average Daily DirectAnomaly of Monthly Average Daily Direct‐‐

Normal RadiationNormal Radiation

•

Time series of anomalies of monthly average Direct‐Normal Radiation for

Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO

• red: 10‐year average subtracted, blue: 10‐year monthly average subtracted


GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Monthly Average Daily Clearness IndexMonthly Average Daily Clearness Index

•

Time series of monthly average clear‐sky and all‐sky Insolation

Clearness Index for Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO


GSIPGSIP‐‐fd Product Examplefd Product Example

GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd

GSIPGSIP‐‐fd has larger coverage, fd has larger coverage,

higher resolution and higher resolution and

improved cloud detection.improved cloud detection.

GOES West GOES East

Full Disk

Extend

edNorthern He

misp

here


Spatial resolution will be increased to 4 km from the current value of 14 km in GPSDI project

ABI SE ExampleABI SE Example Total, Direct & Diffuse RadiationTotal, Direct & Diffuse Radiation


Date: June 11, 2009Input satellite data: MODIS TerraSpatial resolution: 5‐km

Evaluation of ABI SE ProductsEvaluation of ABI SE Products


•

Input and ground measurements are

collected over 13 stations–

03/2000‐12/2009: 7 SURFRAD

sites + COVE–

03/2000‐06/2006: 4 GMD

sites + ARM

•

Input data:–

MODIS, NCEP reanalysis,

TOMS/OMI, CERES/CAVE

measurements and retrievals

•

same data used by AWG AT

Evaluation of ABI SE ProductsEvaluation of ABI SE Products


Accuracy, precision and RMSE are in W/m2

•

Errors of instantaneous direct and diffuse

components are larger than error of total

flux

•

ABI algorithm under/over‐estimates the

direct/diffuse component

•

Relatively small error of total flux is result of

cancellation of errors in direct and diffuse

components

-1000 -500 0 500 10000

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Cou

nt

Bias (W m-2)

direct diffuse total

Plans and RecommendationsPlans and Recommendations

Planned activities*:• complete hiring of support personnel • develop data access mechanisms that better suit SE needs• provide algorithm/results for comparison with other algorithms• complete climatology of SE parameters from current GOES• explore pseudo forecast of insolation

for SE by exploiting frequent

observations of clouds and insolation

Recommendations:•

use broadband measurements of TOA radiation (e.g. ERBE, CERES, and

FY‐3/ERM) to constrain SW surface radiation estimates from GOES

•

use satellite insolation

product for evaluating models that assimilate

satellite information on clouds and aerosol to forecast SE

*Does not include GPSDI and AWG tasks


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