Introduction Goat was the first animal reared for meat

Early man reared about 10000 yrs ago

Animals reared for milk ,meat and skin

Docile and easy management

Early man was migratory in nature

He took animals also along with them

Animals ( sheep and goat ) had the habbit of following them

They have no shelter

Introduction -contd

Gradually land were used for agricultural purpose

Now a days the lands are fully used for farming

Grazing land reduced

Lack of fodder

Method of rearing has also been changed

Importance of goat rearing

Less investment

More profit

Higher market potential

Disease resistance

Frequent kidding

Two or more kids/delivery

Farm or children can manage

Selection of goats

Dams performance

Free from physical defects

One year old she goat should be weigh about 20kg

Two kidding at 18 months of age

Goats should be free from diseases

Skin should be shining and free from ticks ,lice and scabies

Eye shining and watery.

Feeding and watering normal

Normal urine and faces

Muzzle should be watery

Dairy characters of goats

Long, deep and wedge shaped body Well spring ribs, straight legs, soft shiny goat hair. Capacious udder extending below and between thighs Teats should be uniform in size, medium sized,

sloping slightly forward Udder should be collapsed after milking Prominent milk vein

Dairy confirmation

Goat -character

Parent stock-Boer goat

BARBARI

BOER

Management. Tethering Goats are tied with a rope to a tree or peg

Allow for grazing from the surrounding

Convenient one or two goats

No. labour or minimum utilization of labour

Doe (female goat) Age of attainment of puberty 7months to one year

Age for first mating or AI – 12mon

Estrus cycle 18 to 21 days

Duration of heat 48 hrs

Gestation period 151+_4 days

Extensive production

Free range

Night shelter

Large number of population

Semi intensive

Allowed for grazing during day time

Housed during night

Semi intensive goat rearing

Intensive production Suitable in urban areas (scarcity of grazing land )

Reared intensively in sheds

Feeding and watering should be given inside the shed

Not allowed for grazing

Goat shed

Model goat farm slated flooring

Signs of heat

Wagging of tail. Tail movement increases in the presence of male.

Frequent bleating, more so when the goat is alone.

Excitement or restlessness Anorexia and lack of interest in feed. Drop in milk yield. Vulva becomes swollen and edematous. Small quantity of clear discharge from the

vagina. Doe anxiously goes seeking the buck. It remains close to the buck and allows

mounting. It mounts on other goats and allows to be

mounted by others.

Breeding Little mucous discharge from 1 to 3 days

Heat period varies from 18 to 21 days

Inseminate/allow for two mating at 24hrly interval during heat period

Natural mating by good quality buck

Pregnancy diagnosis Cessation of estrus

Abdominal palpation

Engorgement of udder 6 to 8 wks before kidding

Progesterone in milk

Ultrasonic Doppler foetometer (75 to 100 days)

Care of pregnant goat Keep pregnant animals separately from others.

Provide adequate nutrition, easily digestible and laxative diet.

Do not allow them to fight with each other.

Do not allow them to mix with recently aborted animals.

Shortly before, clip hair around the udder, hind quarters and tail for greater cleanliness.

Care pregnant doe and after kidding Conc. feed @200g from 4th month onwards

400g/kg milk yield after kidding

Conc. feed two times a day

Cleaning of goats after kidding by potassium permanganate solution of 1:1000 dilution .

Allow kids for suckling.

Along kids with goats for first week after that kids should be kept separately and allowed for suckling twice a day .

Signs of approaching kidding

Raising base of tail, sharp hollows at the flank region

Restlessness and pawing at bedding

Rapidly filling udder, udder turning pink and shiny just before kidding

Mucous discharge from vulva

Kidding (delivery) Delivery is three stages

Stage 1- preparatory stage(1-6 hrs)

Stage 2- expulsion of foetus(delivery-0.5 to 1.5 hrs)

Abdominal and uterine contraction

Stage 3-expulsion of placenta(2-6 hrs)

Care of postpartum doe Take the following in a vessel

Rice or wheat bran 0.5kg

Jaggery 100gm

Extract of ginger 5 to 10ml

Common salt sufficient quantity

Slightly warm the mixture

Feed the animal 250gms at two hrly interval

Advandages

Helps for expelsion of placenta

Increase milk yield

Avoid indigestion

Reasons for non shedding of placenta

Abortion

Aged goat

Weak and emaciated goat

Cleaning of doe Boil the water mixed with sufficient quantity of

neem leaves along with 0.1%pota. Permanganate and turmeric powder

Wash the animal after reducing the heat by mixing sufficient quantity of cold water

Care of newborn kid Clean the nostrils and remove the mucous by clean

cloth

Holding the kids by hind legs with head downwards to clear the respiratory tract

Allow the doe to lick the kids

Soak the umbilicus by Tr.iodine. Repeat this after 12 hrs

Feeding colustrum

Colostrums should be fed within half an hour to ensure immunity

Continue for 3 to 4 days

It contains vitamins , antibodies calcium ,phosphorus, protein and minerals

It provides immunity to young 0ne

Milk feeding should be given @1/6th of their body wt for 30 days

Next four weeks reduced to 1/6th of body wt

Third month 1/10th to 1/15th of their body wt

Milk feeding

Substitute for colostrums If colostrums is not available

Cow milk(boiled)250ml

Boiled water 100ml

Wiped egg 1 no.

Vitamin A(fish oil ) 1 teaspoon

Castor oil 0.5teaspoon

Antibiotic 10,000 IU

Feed the kids twice or thrice in a day

Concentrate feeding Highly nutritious easily digestable conc mix. Can be

provided from 2 weeks onwards

This will reduce the quantity of milk feeding

Broiler goat rearing

Highly suitable technology in areas where green fodder is not available

To improve the economy of rural farming community

BROILER GOAT KIDS

What are broiler goat kids? we don’t have any specific breed for this purpose.

The kids produced from goats (whatever breed available in your area) can be used for broiler goat rearing( both male as well as female kids).

Parent stock This technique is highly applicable to the farmers

having goats or already involved in goat rearing. The kids produced from these animals can be used for broiler goat rearing.

For example, suppose a farmer is having 50 goats. Out of these 50 goats, may be 20 goats kidded(delivered) at an average of 2 kids/goat at a time. So that farmer can get totally 40 kids. out of these 40 kids(20 male & 20 female), the kids which are having higher birth weight and those not used for further breeding can be selected for broiler goat rearing.

Note: Broiler kids can be used for meat purpose only and not for breeding.

Parent stock-Boer goat

Australian Boer goat Jamnapari goat from UP

Important Goat breeds

Osmanabadi Kokan kanyal

Beetle

Breeds of goats

Beetle

Sanen

Housing Low cost housing should be constructed in such a way

in a raised platform (about 1 meter height from ground level) by using bamboo/wooden planks to allow passage of dung and urine down to the ground.

Feed and fodder requirement 5-6 Kg green fodder of leguminous and cereal fodder

( Lucerne ,Shesbania, Hedge Lucerne ,Maize ,sorghum,

Hybrid Napier , Marvel ,Hadaga,shevaga, leucanea

lucacephala )

1kg Dry fodder

200-300 gm. Concentrate feed .

20 gm. Mineral mixture

Per adult goat per day

Adlib drinking water for 24 hrs.

Floor space Average floor space 1sq.mt/goat

For kids 0.3sq.mt/kid

For 10 kids 1.8sq.mt

Goat pen should be east west direction

Selection of kids for fattening The goat kids about 15 days to1 month old

i.e before starting to eat green leaves and are having higher birth weight and not used for further breeding can be selected for broiler goat rearing

The selected kids will not be allowed to feed on green fodder/grazing green grasses in open spaces..

Method of rearing

The selected kids are reared intensively by providing concentrate feed (goat feed) @ 5 g mixed with equal quantity of rice gruel (broken boiled rice) initially i.e. at start (15-13 days).

Increase the amount day by day as per feed intake (eg.7g, 115 g, like that).

Add coconut cake, rice bran or ground nut cake with minimum level (1-2g/day/kid to maximum of 150-200/day)

Pure water should be available at all times (24 hours).

Feed supplements Liver tonic (Tefroli/ livol etc.) and fish oil should be

given twice in a week @ 2.5ml/animal per day initially and increase up to 5-10ml/kid/day.

Vimerol 30 ml + 1 lit. Calshakati or Caldivet /Calzol

5 ml twice a week.

young kids should be allowed for mother’s milk twice or thrice in a day.

Feed mixing goat feed available in the market or you can also prepare

own feed mix by using following feed ingredients. Ingredients parts Deoiled grondnut cake 12 Horse gram 30 Wheat/maize/ jowar(grain) 30 Rice polish/wheat bran 15 Dried unsalted fish 10 Min.mixure 1.5 Common salt 1.5 Vit AB2D3 25g/100kg of feed mixture

Marketing

Goat meat is preferred by all

Direct marketing is highly profitable.

Involvement of middle man can reduce the price of animals.

Broiler goat meat is soft and no goaty odour.

Marketing should be done at the attainment of 25-30 kg or at the age of 3-4 months which ever is earlier.

Breeding of parent stock

Parent stock should be allowed for mating by using good quality male(superior breed) or by using frozen semen at about 45 days postpartum(after delivery).

There by the farmers can get continuous supply of goat kids for broiler goat production.

Female goat produce more number of kids in their life time..

Inbreeding Inbreeding is the major problem

Use of same male Repeatedly hence it should be avoided

Breeding male should be changed every year

Synchronization of estrus in Goats In a large herd, synchronization of estrus by using

PGF2 alpha injection and timely breeding by using good quality frozen semen or natural service by superior male will enhance not only conception rate but also the farmer can bring all the animals to deliver(kidding)at a specified period.

Advantages 1. No need to observe estrus signs.

2. Fixed time breeding at 72hrs and 96hrs following PGF2 alpha injection. 3. Delivery of all mated or inseminated animals at a

particular time.

4. Highly useful for broiler goat rearing.

5. Management is easy.

6. Reduced inter-kidding interval (in between the deliveries).

Conclusion A farm woman can manage about 10- 20 kids at a

time without any extra labour.

It is highly profitable to the farmers who is already involved in goat rearing.

The kids should be sold off at about 3-4 months or at the attainment of25-30 kgs whichever is earlier.

A farm woman/farmer can produce more number of broiler kids in short period of time.

Apart from these the reproductive efficiency of female goats can also be highly exploited by proper planning of breeding