goal oriented waste management:goal oriented waste … · 2009. 12. 14. · pedo-/ other disposal...

Goal oriented waste management:Goal oriented waste management:why and how?

Paul H. BrunnerVienna University of TechnologyInstitute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management

http://www.iwa.tuwien.ac.atp

1/25Novi Sad, December 10, 2009Novi Sad, December 10, 2009

Objectives of waste management

Goals1. Protection of men and environment2. Conservation of resources3 Aft f t t3. After-care-free waste management

4. Affordable waste management!

2/25Novi Sad, December 10, 2009

GDP and waste management

3,0a.da

y]

kg/c

apita

2,0

on ra

te [k

Vienna

1,0

ener

atio

0,0100 1 000 10 000 100 000Was

te g

e

DhakaDamascus

100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Gross Domestic Product GDP [€/capita & year]

W

Source: Brunner & Fellner


How much are we willing to pay for waste management?

Collection &transportCost for:

12%Treatment Disposal

29%9%

9%

10%59%

82%90%

0%

Vienna

106 €/capita year

Damascus

3 8 €/ capita year

Dhaka

0 7 €/ capita year 106 €/capita.year0.4 % of GDP

3.8 €/ capita.year0.3 % GDP

0.7 €/ capita.year0.2% GDP




Goals1. Protection of men and environment


Typhoid Mortality in Berlin 1854-1890

5

%o

4yrtal

ity in

%

m erat

ion

3

ater

sup

ply

e of

mor

ewer

sys

tem

aste

inci

ne

1

2

ctio

n of

wa

as a

cau

s

ctio

n of

se

uctio

n of

wa

0

1

intr

odu

Typh

us a

intr

odu

intr

odu

Source: Hösel 1987

1854

1856

1858

1860

1862

1864

1866

1868

1870

1872

1874

1876

1878

1880

1882

1884

1886

1888

1890


Source: Hösel 1987

MSW incineration solves hygienic problems – and creates new problems

Reingas

Abfall

ROSTFEUERUNG

ABHITZEKESSEL

ELEKTROFILTER RAUCHGASREINIGUNG DENOXANLAGE

Abwasser

Metallschrott

Schlacke

EF-Asche

Kesselasche

H2O

ABWASSER-REINIGUNG

Filterkuchen

EF Asche

Wasserbasisches Prozesswassersaures Prozesswasser

1896 1970 19907/25Novi Sad, December 10, 2009

1896 1970 1990

Air pollution control solves environmental problems

1000

Reduction of MSW incineration emissions 1930 - 1995

100

n %

1

10

e19

30 in

0,1

ges

sinc

e

0,01

0 001

chan

g

1930 ( 100 %) 1970 1995

0,001NOx Hg dioxinsHCl Cd Pb dustSOx

emissions

8/25Novi Sad, December 10, 20091930 (=100 %) 1970 1995

Air pollution control dominates incineration costs

Offgas

MSW

FURNACE

BOILER

ESP/BAGHOUSE WET SCRUBBER DENOX

MSW

Iron scrap H2O

WASTE WATERWaste waterBottom ash

Filter residue

WASTE WATERTREATMENT

Filter residue

WaterAlkaline waste waterAcidic waste water

Q elle SGP VA

Sludge cake

Acidic waste water

Air Pollution Control


Quelle: SGP-VA

Who can afford MSW incineration?

Collection &transportCost for:

12%Treatment Disposal

29%9%

9%

10%59%

82%90%

0%

Vienna

106 €/capita year

Damascus

3 8 €/ capita year

Dhaka

0 7 €/ capita year 106 €/capita.year0.4 % of GDP

3.8 €/ capita.year0.3 % GDP

0.7 €/ capita.year0.2% GDP



Product emissions are larger than production emissions

40

30arCd emissions from production

20per

yea

10Ton

ns

10

Cd emissions from consumption0

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

Source: Bergbäck 1992


Source: Bergbäck, 1992

New priorities: products as major emission sources

product 85%

99%

zinc

k fl idi t t lid i

Zn-ash 7,6%

Source: W Enöckl 1994

zamak0,6

fluidizer0,4

waste water3,1

solid zinc4,3%


Source: W. Enöckl, 1994


Goals1. Protection of men and environment2. Conservation of resources (material, energy, space)


Today´s resource turnover is extremely high!

70 Million cars are produced every year!


Composite price index of 12 mineral resources, in 1997 US$

Source: Sullivan et al 2000


Source: Sullivan et al, 2000

Understanding anthropogenic metabolism

"prehistoric" "modern"

flows in t/c.y, stock in t/c

5 1

breath off gas

prehistoric modern

5.1 19

excreta sewagefoodconsumption

6 0.8 86 61

30.1

stock ~0 stock 260+3

30.1

solid waste solid waste


In-house stock of appliances for “cleaning” in Vienna

40

45

30

35

40

c

vacuum cleanerdishwasheriron

20

25

30

ck in

kg/

c

drierlaundry machine

10

15

20

stoc

0

5

10

01900 1920 1940 1960 1970 1980 1990 1993

yearSource: Beschorner St 1996


Source: Beschorner, St. 1996

In-house stock of entertainment appliances in Vienna

30

25otherscomputerTV

15

20

n kg

/c

TVstereo/CD (incl. radio)

mono-radio

10

15

stoc

kin

5

01900 1920 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1993

yearSource: Beschorner St 1996


Source: Beschorner, St. 1996

Urban metabolism shows: wastes will increase!

4336

Export ~ 195 t/c.yImport ~ 200 t/c.y

SewageOff-gas

43

WaterAir

36

144147

Export goodsFossil fuels Export goods 3Solid wastes

3

Fossil fuels

Construct. materials& consumer goods

2

MunicipalSt k 350

4-10

Fluxes [t/(c.yr)]Stocks [t]

g12-18

psolid wastes 0.3

Stock: 350


Stocks [t]

Urban stocks as future wastes and resource, Ex. iron

34 1

11 70,8

0,8

primaryd ti waste

344consumpt34

6 0,3 2,7

1

1,5

2p y

production productionwaste

magmnt44

1,5

4pedo-/ other

disposallithosphere140

350

250

300 anthropogeniciron stock

344350

250

300 geogeniciron reserve

150

200

250

194150

200

250

140

2000 2050 21000

50

100

44

2000 2050 21000

50

100140

40 0


2000 2050 21002000 2050 2100


Goals1. Protection of men and environment2. Conservation of resources (material, energy, space)3 Aft f t t ( t i bilit )3. Aftercare-free waste management (sustainability)

-> Clean cycles and safe final sinks


Clean cycles – the case of plastic recycling

Cadmium: Flows in t/yr, 1994

plastic waste I0,15

100%

mechanical0 01 recycling residue

100%

separation

0 14

0,01 recycling residue

7%

steamwater n.d.

0,14

shredder,extruder

water

waste watern.d.

n.d.

n.d.

secondary plastics0,14

Source: R. Fehringer, 1996

93 %


Economic limits to clean cycles – the case of lead

200220

]telecom

200180160

n of

lead

] cable

140120100st

per

ton

sewerpipes

powercables

806040 world market priceo

very

cos

water pipes inhouse

pipescables

40200

world market price

[rec

o

lead accumulators

inhouse

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000available lead stock [tons]

source: Lohm et al., 1998


What to do with the “rest” - the need for final sinks

1*109102-3

1*107

1 10global population

1*105global lead production [t/y] factor 106-7

1*101

1*103

1*10-1

7000 5000 3000 1000 01*10-3

years before 1980adapted form Settle & Patterson


years before 1980p

Th kThank you


Scarcity of resources: the case of fuel oil

The stone age did not end because of scarcity of stones

$ 55$ 55

factor 4,5

$12

1870 1900 1950


goal oriented waste management:goal oriented waste … · 2009. 12. 14. · pedo-/ other disposal...

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