Goal 5 Terms

Hosted by

Mrs. Chavers

Goal 5

Pendleton Act

Law that officially dismantled the spoils system and created a system of examinations to determine the hiring

of civil service workers. Passed in 1882 after the assassination of

President Garfield by a disgruntled job-seeker.

Goal 5

Boss Tweed

Famous political machine that controlled New York City in the late

1800’s. Was exposed by the political cartoons of Thomas Nast.

Goal 5

Social Darwinism

Idea that the best businessmen will rise to the top. A belief in the survival of the fittest in business. Was a theory

widely supported by the successful.

Goal 5

Philanthropy

Practice of giving away large sums of wealth to charitable causes. Practiced

by men such as Rockefeller and Carnegie.

Goal 5

Jane Addams

Middle class reformer who founded Hull House as a place to help

immigrants in their new home.

Goal 5

Patronage or Spoils System

System of giving government jobs to friends and supporters. Begun by

Andrew Jackson and continued until the reforms of the late 1800’s.

Goal 5

Ethnic Neighborhood

Areas where many immigrants with the same background would settle in

large urban areas. Gave them a place of security and comfort.

Goal 5

Thomas Edison

Famous inventor who perfected the incandescent light bulb and many

other products.

Goal 5

Jacob Riis

Wrote a book about the living conditions of the poor called “How the

Other Half Lives.”

Goal 5

Vertical Integration

Method of forming a big business by owning or controlling all businesses

that are related to your primary business.

Goal 5

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist leader during the early 1900’s. Received nearly 1 million

votes for President. Helped to found the industrial union movement in the

late 1800’s.

Goal 5

Cornelius Vanderbilt

One of the leading RR owners in the nation. Consolidated many smaller

railroads into a monopoly on northeastern RR traffic.

Goal 5

Haymarket Square

Labor strike where someone threw a bomb into the crowd killing several

people. Happened in Chicago in 1886.

Goal 5

AFL

Union that only accepts skilled laborers. Led by Samuel Gompers.

Goal 5

Knights of Labor

Labor Union led by Terence Powderly that accepted all types of workers.

Goal 5

Tenements

Cramped, poorly built apartment buildings inhabited by many

immigrants in the large urban cities.

Goal 5

Samuel Gompers

Leader of the AFL. Accepted only skilled labor into the union.

Goal 5

Industrial Union

Type of union that only accepted members who were from the same

industry. Led by Eugene V. Debs. He was a member of the American

Railway Union and was arrested in the Pullman Coach Strike.

Goal 5

New Immigration

This was a change in the pattern of immigration, as many people from

eastern and southern Europe began to immigrate to the US.

Goal 5

Eugene V. Debs

Leader of the Industrial Union Movement where all workers of a

particular industry belonged to the same union.

Goal 5

Merger

Method of forming a big business by having several companies act as one,

but in reality they are separate companies.

Goal 5

Trust

Method of forming a big business by combining several companies into

one.

Goal 5

Merit System

System of examinations that gave jobs to the most qualified person for the job. Maintained a competent civil service system. Replaced the old

spoils system.

Goal 5

Sherman Anti-trust Act

First real attempt by the government to regulate large businesses. Law was

passed after the Granger laws regulating Railroads were declared

unconstitutional because they tried to regulate interstate commerce.

Goal 5

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Goal 5

Andrew Carnegie

Leader of the American steel industry. Believed in Social Darwinism as a

means of justifying his wealth. Gave away millions of dollars in

philanthropy.

Goal 5

Horizontal Integration

Method of forming a big business by controlling all of the same type of

business.

Goal 5

Settlement House

Places where immigrants and the poor could find help in the large urban

areas. Early examples were the Hull House founded by Jane Addams in

Chicago and the Henry Street House in New York.

Goal 5

Political Machine

This is a group that controls the activities of a city by dominating the

voting process. Often times greed and corruption where common partners of

this type of system.

Goal 5

John D. Rockefeller

Owner of Standard Oil Company. One of the richest men in America.

Criticized because of his business tactics.