WWII ERA HERE IN THE STATES

1. WHY DID THE UNITED STATES WHAT TO STAY OUT OF THE WAR?

2. WHY WAS JAPAN SO UPSET WITH THE UNITED STATES?

3. WHAT EVENTUALLY LED TO THE U.S. JOINING THE WAR?

4. HOW WERE RACE RELATIONS IN THE U.S. DURING THE WAR?

Life in the beginning of the 1930s Retreated from all

foreign affairs Concentrate on

domestic affairs because of Great Depression

Refuse to take the lead on world affairs

How does the Europe see us? Britain and France alone owe us

over $10 billion from WWI Germany owed U.S. $3 billion by

1929 Borrowed to pay back

reparations to Allies Hawley-Smoot tariff stopped

Americans from being foreign goods Foreign countries could sell

products to U.S., couldn’t pay back debts

U.S. never joined League of Nations U.S. did not enter into security

agreements Did enter in Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreeing to not go to war against France

How did the Soviet Union see us? Began to sell

machinery to Russia as part of its industrialization

FDR ending long estrangement by signing agreement to open diplomatic relations

Agreed to settle debts prior to Bolshevik Revolution

How did Latin America see us? Opinion greatly

improved Good Neighbor Policy

Renounced imperialism Did not interfere in

Uruguay Gave up right to

interfere in Cuban Affairs like it asserted in the Platt amendment

Cooperation and friendship are more effective than threats and armed intervention

How did Japan see us?

Japan’s goal was to expand

Had possession of Korea and Manchuria (industrialized section of China)

U.S. did nothing about Manchuria due to depression

U.S. Open Door Policy prevented Japan from controlling China

Naval race Japan spend 1/3 of

national budget on naval construction

Axis powers Unite

Neutrality Acts Pacifism sweeps across

America Apathetic Afraid of danger Consumed with domestic

issues Senator Nye- big business is

to blame for WWI Congress passes neutrality

acts in August, 1935 Banned sale of arms to

nations at war, Americans warned not to sail on belligerent ships

Ban on loans Made prohibitions permanent,

all other trade was cash and carry Pay cash Carry goods on your ships only

Nazi Expansion-Don’t have to worry about U.S. involvement

U.S. stays neutral

Roosevelt was outspoken that he favored the Allies

Cash and Carry policy for weapons sales to France and Britain by Congress

The “Blitzkrieg” Lighting war begins Spring of 1940 Seized Denmark and

Norway in May, 1940 Within 3 weeks,

Britain was driven off mainland

France fell to Nazis If England fell, Hitler

would control British Navy- could cross Atlantic

U.S. sends aid

“undeclared war” Destroyers for

bases Lend Lease Act

“arsenal for democracy”

U.S. begins to ship goods overseas Policy to shoot u-

boats on sight develops

U.S. begins to prepare for War 80% of Americans

do NOT want war Defense budget

increases from $2 to $10 Billion

Peacetime draft

Strained relationship with Japan escalates France and Netherlands

lose control of the colonies East Indies- oil rich Indochina

Japan depends on U.S. for aviation gasoline, U.S. depends on Japan for rubber

Japan enters alliance with Germany and Italy

U.S. sets embargo with Japan over China

Secretary of State Hull does not allow any concessions

Pearl Harbor

Washington warnings did not arrive in time

7:55 am Japanese carrier based planes caught Pearl Harbor by surprise

In a little bit more than an hour, the American Pacific fleet was crippled

8 battleships sink 2,400 sailors are killed Heavy price for

cultural and racial prejudice

Arsenal of Democracy

Ford converted to making tanks and airplanes at Willow Run B-24 an hour 42,000 workers

Henry’s Kaiser’s shipyard Merchant ship in 14

days Built ships faster than

they could be sunk Turned out 2X as many

goods and Germany and Japan combined

Millions of Americans move

Move to build defenses Norfolk, VA San Deigo, CA Mobile, AL

Military bases in the South Fort Bragg, NC Fort Benning, GA Fort Campbell, KY

Japanese Internment 120,000 Japanese Americans

effected Move to internment camps in

the interior of country near Rocky Mtns.

Forced to sell houses, farms and businesses

Case went to Supreme Court Korematsu v. U.S.

Action upheld due to national security threat

Beginning in 1943, individuals could ask for release if pledged loyalty and agreed to take a job away for West coast

35,000 join the military 5,000 return to Japn

Manzanar

Manzanar

Manzanar

Women In the Factories

Rising divorce rate

Rising birth rate Teacher shortage Hefty weekly

paychecks

Racial Tensions Explode

Segregated units in military

“Here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the white man”

Becomes a national issue instead of a regional issue

Belle Isle race riots Over two days, 32

people are killed Zoot suit riots

Zoot suit riots

4.6 million Mexican immigrants came to the U.S. in the 30’s due fill labor shortage

Low status and blue collar workers- didn’t fit in to American society

Mexican Americans are assaulted by U.S. sailors in Los Angelos

WWII ERA HERE IN THE STATES

1. WHY DID THE UNITED STATES WHAT TO STAY OUT OF THE WAR?

2. WHY WAS JAPAN SO UPSET WITH THE UNITED STATES?

3. WHAT EVENTUALLY LED TO THE U.S. JOINING THE WAR?

4. HOW WERE RACE RELATIONS IN THE U.S. DURING THE WAR?