go green save - school nutrition · go green & save $$$ how green is green and what is the real...
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GO GREEN & SAVE $$$
How Green Is Green and What Is The Real Cost
Who’s Talking? Robert Hinson
BS in Engineering28 years, Energy Conservation25 years in Food ServiceDirector of Advanced Cooking Technology Center FS Consulting 16yrsSC Dept of SN
Consultant with NFSMI
Wrote the BLT on Equip.
Kitchen Design and Purchasing FS Equipment
Going Green is not as simple as buying a different tray or turning off a light. It is one part of a bigger Green issue: Sustainability/0 Waste
There is no Silver Bullet, It is more a Process of being aware and making wise Informeddecisions
Going Green & Saving $$$
Green seems to come at a Cost
Money is a non‐renewable resource
So can we do this and Save Money?
What Is A Green School?Conserves Energy and Natural ResourcesImproves Indoor Air QualitySaves Taxpayers MoneyDecrease the Burden on Municipal Water to benefit the local communityEncourage Waste Management Efforts to benefit the local communityEncourage RecyclingConserve Fresh Drinking Water and help manage storm water runoff
Removes Toxic Materials from the areas where children learn and play
You Can Have A Real ImpactConserves Energy and Natural ResourcesImproves Indoor Air QualitySaves Taxpayers Money
Decrease the Burden on Municipal Water to benefit the local communityEncourage Waste Management Efforts to benefit the local communityEncourage RecyclingConserve Fresh Drinking Water and help manage storm water runoff
You Can Have A Real Impact
Conserve Fresh Drinking Water Decrease the Burden on Municipal Water Encourage Waste Management Efforts Saves Taxpayers Money
You Can Have A Real Impact
Improves Indoor Air Quality
Conserves Energy and Natural Resources Encourage Recycling
Saves Taxpayers Money
Develop a Plan?
What would be in A Plan Identify the Low Hanging Fruit
Hoods: Good and CheapProcess: Start UpTemperature SettingsFood Waste
Purchasing with the End In MindReviewing Your Waste Stream Selection of a Serving system
Hot Topics
Serving OptionsFood WasteReduce overageDisposal of food wasteComposting
WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS?Considered Green:
BIODEGRADEABLESCOMPOSTABLESPAPERWARE WASHING
Not considered Green:POLYSTYRENE
Biodegradable Trays or Compostable Trays
People often use those terms interchangeably
What Are Compostable/Bio?Compostables are generally made of sugar cane fiber, Bagasse. They can also be the corn based PLA which stands for Polylactic Acid known as a Bio PlasticThey are made from renewable sourcesThe material can be processed to make a soil amendment
Can be composted or burned (Wasteto energy)
Polystyrene: Styrofoam® is ®Proven product, Strong, worksInexpensive
NO green house Gases (Waste)
Can be 100% Recycled
Air can be removed from PS for cheap recycling, 98% air
OK what about Paper?
Made from a renewable resource Can be recycled if you don’t get it dirty…..Can be burnedIt will decompose
What about Hard Trays and Ware Washing?It’s what we know, it works
There is very little solid waste from the process (outside of Water)If operating properly trays are sanitary
As Paul Harvey would say‐Now
“The Rest of the Story”
What We THINK
Old fashion hard trays are best*(you also use PS trays)
Bio, Compostables, Paper are guilt free garbage
Polystyrene is bad ‐ San Francisco just banned 2017
Lets go back over the Options and see what issues may not be as obvious based on what “people say” Or are willing to write down
FIRST: Reliable DataExample: “The Dangers of PS” Northern Indiana U, Dept of Bio ScienceBusinessbardos.com Future Centre TrustNGO and Req Charity Bart SimsFoundation for the Advancement of Science and Education, LA4 campuses Founded by the Church of ScientologyFacebook‐ Automotive Ed
Good Data ContinuedFASE study is also as source for Estimate‐ PS being 30%+ of land fills. (70‐115%)Actual study: RUBBISH!Archeology of Garbage (Rathje and Murphy)
All fast food packaging, PS and Disposable Diapers= 3%People estimated paper at 7%
There is an old saying:“Figures don’t Lie but Liars Figure”
The Truth is hard to find
What is Biodegradable?
When asked People said: that if disposed of normally the product will decompose to nothing in a year or less.American Chemical Council
FTC said; Material will break down in a reasonable short period of time after customary disposal
So we believe:
If we spend the EXTRA MONEY for Compostables we can dispose of them normally and they will disappear in the land fill Or if we truck them to a Commercial Composter they will make soil amendment
What is the Reality
Nothing decomposes in a landfill in a reasonable length of time!“In a landfill it could take from 100 to 1000 years (for compostables to break down)”Elizabeth Royte writing for SmithsonianGarbage Land: On the Secret Trail of Trash
After 25 years we find recognizable hot dogs and corn dogs in land fills and 50 year old newspapers, you can still turn the pages Debra Lynn Dadd, U of Arizona
Phone books from the 50’s taken from cores in NYC can still be read pages still turn
What might be worse, if trays compost, over a long time, it produces harmful green house gases
“—pretty much a well‐intending earthling’s worst nightmare.” edible Stories MANNHATTAN (The Dirty Truth about Compostable Packaging…)
Compostables have to be processed in a commercial facilityAndrew Shakman, CEO Lean Path
PLA will not break down in a landfill.
PLA will break down at a Commercial Composter in 3 mo. if kept at 140F and fed a diet of digestive microbesElizabeth Royte
There are only 113 Industrial grade composting facilities in the US. The Environmental Magazine 2008
Composting capacity is not there today but if it was…Is there a market for composted material?
Questions about Commercial Composting being viable for now
Peninsula Compost CompanyIn Wilmington Delaware, 2009
Is to be the newest, largest Compost Facility east of the Miss.
“Peninsula Compost Company has placed an undue burden on the quality of life of residents in the City of Wilmington…particularly those living in close proximity to the facility”Facility closed by state Secretary David Small of the Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC)
What we are expecting from a Compostable or Bio‐degradable We are NOT getting.They are not the environmental silver bullet‐Not that Simple
If you are getting the compostable trays to a landfill or commercial compost facility…At what cost to your bottom line and the environment?
COST: Real example The director of a large districts said she paid 3 cents for PS and 10 cents for Compostables.THIS COST HER $700,000 a year
Alternative: Use PS and lease the equipment to 100% recycle and still save $500,000/year*
Recently we have been hearing about 6 large districts including NYC who have negotiated Compostables down to $.049 from $.127 so it is a cost wash… iSchoolguideSo 4.9‐3=1.9 1.9x860,000= $16,340/day$16,340x180=$2,941,200Not a Wash, better use of $$$$$??
Environmental:No facility can process this much material so…Landfill or burn In any case they have to haul it. Garbage trucks get approx 2 MPG. If you are trucking then you are creating CO2
Gotham Gazette: Waste, 30% is Compostables, is taken to transfer stations there it is trucked to Upstate NY, Ohio, Penn., SC and others!
NYC contracts with waste haulers for 40 million miles to haul out of state.
CBS report NYC only sends about 9% to waste to energy regional plants are near capacity
So where is the Trash going and what is the environmental impact of this?
At 5.5 to 6.5 MPG that is 6,666,667 gallons of fuel per year. Or 144 million lbs of CO2 per year “—pretty much a well‐intending earthling’s worst nightmare.” edible Stories MANNHATTAN (The Dirty Truth about Compostable Packaging…)
Breakdown Of Emissions *
If trays decompose in the Landfill it produces MethaneMethane is 25 times More Destructive than CO2 EPA
U.S. Methane (CH4)Per U.S. EPA, landfills are the 3rd largest source of CH4 in the United States.
.
FSS / K. Flickner
Bio/Compostables: NegativesLarge cost premiumIf you landfill Creates Green house Gases including MethaneTrash burner to electricity* is a 20% efficient processIf you trash burn or compost there is trucking using petroleum Creating CO2
Case Study Houston TXHISD had gone to CompostablesAfter investigation they did a 6 school pilot PS with recycling Saved $1‐Million costCut CO2 by 2 tons in two Mos. 75% weekly waste stream reduction, No Landfill100% PS recycling,
Paper:NegativesWhat’s wrong with this Picture?
Remember: Money is a non‐renewable resource
Guess, one plate and 2 boats?
In the Washington Post Storythis school district was replacing a Polystyrene plate with paper costing $.043, the boats are approx. $.01 so the cost of the “tray” is $.063
We send the two boats and dirty trays to the land fill**Schools have a 50%+ recycle rejection
Paper: Negatives Cont.Huge cost premium (5 comp)Not as effective 25%‐33%+ of the landfills are paperPaper will break down very slowly. As Paper breaks down it creates Green House Gases
So why did you think about using paper in the first place? Wood is renewable, petroleum is not… Right?
SOWhat if the truth is it takes as much or more petroleum to make paper thanPolystyrene?
Paper vs. PS Foam CupPaper Cup PS Foam Cup
Raw Materials (per cup)wood 33 g 0
petroleum 4.1 g 3.2 gUtilities (per metric ton)
steam 10,000 kg 5,000 kgelectric 980 kWh 150 kWh
cooling water 50 m3 154 m3Process Water (per metric ton)
suspended solids 50 kg traceBOD 40 kg 0.07 kg
chlorinate hydrocarbons 6 kg 0metal salts 10 kg 20 kg
Air Emissions (per metric ton)chlorine 0.5 kg 0
chlorine dioxide 0.2 kg 0reduced sulfides 2.0 kg 0
Recycle Potentialpost‐consumer very low High*
Ultimate Disposalwaste‐to‐energy 20 MJ/kg 40 MJ/kgmass to landfill 10.1 kg 1.5 kgbiodegradable not land filled no
‐ Science Magazine, 2001FSS / K. Flickner
Polystyrene: NegativesMade from a non renewable resource, how be it a Petro byproductUnless recycled it will take a very long time to decomposeIt has trace toxins in the basic material
Lastly, Hard Tray with WarewashingWhen all the issues are considered this may be the most expensive Option Since it is not a single use there are food borne issues.
That can’t be! didn’t we do a study that said Warewashing cheaper than Single use? 2009
That can’t be! didn’t we do a study that said Warewashing cheaper than Single use? 2009
Remove Dishwashing from Polystyrene Only (250,000 meals)
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ReusagleOld DW
PSremoveDW
PSremoveDW
Reusablenew DW
PSremoveDW
PSremoveDW
Disposal cost
water treatment
dishwashint
Labor
try cost
Today a chart might look like this:
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ReusableOld DW
ReusableNew
1 Use PS 1 Use PSrecycle
1 use Comprecy
Paper wboats
Equip Cost
Disposal Cost
DW Operation
School Labor
Disposable tray
Hard Tray
What about Warewashing Environmental impact?
Remove the Detergent Mfg and Dishwasher impact
SO? Simple Right?
We all agree Polystyrene is the cheapest option.
Environment? Can this be true?
Ware Washing is clearly Significantly More $$$Significantly Less EF
Paper is Significantly more $Significantly Less EF*
Compostables are the only other option:
Significantly more $$Environmentally:Burn it? 20% efficientEnergy Production is the Number one producer of green house gases…
Compostables: cont.
Put in a Landfill won’t decompose and if it did then it would produce GHG
Compostables: Cont. You Really have to send to a Commercial Composter
Where are they and what will it cost (enviro)
This is not the clear winner we have heard about, there are real problems
Consider: On site volume reduction of PS and recycling option.
Yields the lowest operating cost and removes the PS from the waste stream and recovers the material.
Bigger Green Issue
Food waste is a big issue Organic matter creates methane as it decomposes‐Methane is 25 times as destructive as CO2….
States Moving to Food Free LandfillsCalifornia, Wash state is already moving toward no food in waste streamSeattle: no food waste in trash
Commercial Disposals Out?
Disposals Continued
Raleigh NC Disposals banned in all new construction
Remember for a Green School we are looking to reduce fresh water usage and reduce impact on muni systems
Webinar Foodservice Tech Ctrhttp://www.fishnick.com/education/webinars/zerowaste/
Zero Waste
Q & A
THANK YOU