gnss and timing: the need for a global pnt infrastructure
TRANSCRIPT
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GNSS and Timing: the Need for a Global PNT Infrastructure
Dr. ing. Marco Lisi
International Workshop on "GNSS technologies advances in a multiconstellation framework“ SOGEI, Roma, 21-22 January 2016
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What then is time?
“What then is time? If no one ask me, I know. If someone ask me to explain, I know not.” Saint Augustine of Ippo Confessions, Book XI, Chapter XIV
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Summary
• Global Navigation Satellite Systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou, constitute a worldwide utility, tightly interconnected with all other critical infrastructures, from electric power distribution systems to air traffic management systems, from railways to water and oil piping networks;
• Timing is the most strategic and essential of the services offered by GNSS’s, and the one most affecting all critical infrastructures of our society;
• The sectors most relying on GNSS’s for timing are communications (e.g. Internet, cellular networks and satellite networks), energy, financial services and transportation systems;
• The promise for a worldwide, reliable, continuous, resilient and precise timing reference is likely to lie in a worldwide, totally integrated PNT system of systems.
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Where are we and where are we going? “When” are we?
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Stonehenge: a prehistoric solar “clock”
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Obelisks in ancient Egipt
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Sundials in ancient Rome
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Water and sand hourglasses
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The Antikitera astronomic calculator (150–100 B.C.)
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Medieval clocks (1/2)
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Medieval clocks (2/2)
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Cristoforo Colombo, a genius in navigation
Compass, speed log, hourglass, observation of the stars and sun, knowledge of currents and winds, and a meticulous care in the compilation of the logbook were for many centuries the basis of the "estimated navigation" ("dead reckoning"). A brilliant user of this technique, as it is clear from reading the chronicles of his journeys, was Cristoforo Colombo.
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Galileo and the isochronism of the pendulum
Galileo Galilei
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Christiaan Huygens and the pendulum clock
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Navigation & Timing: John Harrison and the chronometer
1 second per day
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Clocks accuracy evolution
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The European GNSS: Galileo
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Galileo FOC Satellites (OHB)
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Galileo On-board Atomic Clock (Selex ES)
"Passive Hydrogen Maser" (PHM): 1 second every 3 milion years!
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GNSS: a Constellation of Ultra Stable Clocks in the Sky
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GNSS’s as a worldwide UTC reference
UTC: UNIVERSAL TIME COORDINATED
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Penetration of GNSS Devices
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Multi-constellation GNSS Timing Receivers
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5G: the next wave in mobile communications
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5G infrastructure architecture
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5G, Internet of Things and Timing
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GNSS Timing: the GPS view
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GNSS Timing and Critical Infrastructures
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The role of the European GNSS Agency
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Galileo Time Service Provider (GTSP)
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Galileo Timing Services
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The European approach to a Resilient PNT Infrastructure
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Miniaturized Atomic Clocks
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Worldwide System of Systems Timing Infrastructure
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Conclusion
• Our society has become essentially dependent on the world Positioning, Navigation and Timing infrastructure, today mainly based on GNSS’s;
• Many critical infrastructures would literally collapse in case of a total, worldwide GNSS failure, mainly because of their dependency on an exact timing reference;
• The European GNSS Agency (a.k.a. GSA) will play a vital role in making the European GNSS Galileo more resilient, service-oriented and interoperable with GPS;
• The development of non-GNSS solutions and of autonomous platforms and technologies will lead to a worldwide, totally integrated PNT system of systems, able to resolve to a large extent all present limitations and vulnerabilities.
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Time is our only truly non-renewable resource
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