gmax test reports · the peak of that curve is referred to as the “gmax”. this is the primary...
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ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 1
Project Information
Summary Sports Labs USA was commissioned to perform on-site Gmax impact testing per ASTM F1936. A complete test was performed in accordance with the ASTM F1936 Standard. The results have been summarized in the quick reference table below. Complete results and background can be found in the subsequent sections of this report.
Quick Reference Results Summary Average (min) Range (max) Max per ASTM
Gmax (G’s) 77 74 to 82 200
Infill Depth (mm) 37 35 to 40 n/a
Head Injury Criteria (HIC)*
188 170 to 207 1,000*
*HIC is included as a reference to account for impact duration and is not a requirement of the ASTM F1936.
Project Name
Southwestern College Football Stadium Field ASTM F1936 Gmax Impact Evaluation
Client Info
FieldTurf 175 Industrial Blvd. Calhoun, GA
Site Info
Southwestern College 900 Otay Lakes Road Chula Vista, CA
Report Date
7/28/2014 Test Date
7/25/2014
Report Status
Final Report No.
FFFT-140725
Prepared & Checked by
Jeffrey Gentile Laboratory Director
Notes: 1. This report has been prepared by Sports Labs USA with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the Client and within the limitations of the resources devoted to it. 2. This report is confidential to the Client and Sports Labs USA accepts no responsibility whatsoever to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. 3. This report shall not be used for engineering or contractual purposes unless signed by the Author and the Checker and unless the report status is “Final.”
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 2
Table Contents Project Information .................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Location Map ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Results Table ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Results Graphs .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Overall Photo ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Method Background ................................................................................................................................. 6 Location Photos ........................................................................................................................................ 8 End of Report ............................................................................................................................................ 9
General Information
Testing Device ASTM F1936 Apparatus TRIAX 2010 Data Acquisition
Test Method
ASTM F1936-10 ASTM F355 Procedure A
Install Date N/A Test Date 7/25/2014
Field Orientation
End a= East Primary Sport
Football
Product Info FTRV-57 Infill System
Sand and rubber
Underlayment None Air Temp (° F)
80
Misc Field Notes
None Weather Conditions
Sunny
Location Map
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 3
Results Table
Loc #
Drop #
Gmax (G)
H.I.C Location Description Gmax
Avg (G)
Infill Depth (mm)
HIC Avg
(HIC)
Surface Temp (ºF)
1 67 159 Goal Line, End A, field
centerline 74 36 170 147 1 2 73 171
3 74 168
1 70 166 10 Yard Line, End A, 63 ft from field centerline to the
Side C 78 35 191 153 2 2 77 187
3 79 194
1 65 148 25 Yard Line End A, 40 ft
from field centerline to Side C
74 36 176 155 3 2 73 173
3 74 179
1 69 159
field centerline 75 38 181 138 4 2 75 180
3 75 181
1 66 152 25 Yard Line, East end, 63 ft from field centerline to Side
D 75 39 181 152 5 2 74 180
3 76 181
1 69 163 12 Yard Line, End B, field
centerline 77 39 187 139 6 2 76 185
3 77 188
1 75 185
North Team area, Side D 82 40 205 124 7 2 81 203
3 82 206
1 72 171 37 Yard Line, End B, 40 ft from the field centerline to
Side C 80 37 197 132 8 2 79 195
3 80 198
1 71 166 6 ft from Goal Line to the back of the End Zone, End A,
field centerline 78 35 189 132 9 2 76 181
3 79 196
1 73 181 6 ft from the back of the End Zone to the Goal Line, End B,
field centerline 82 37 207 127 10 2 80 201
3 83 212
Averages: 77 37 188 140
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 4
Results Graphs
74
78
74
75
75
77
82
80
78
82
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average G-Max Reading
Loca
tio
n N
um
ber
Average Gmax Value per Location
3635
3638 39 39 40
3735
37
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ave
rage
In
fill
Dep
th (
mm
)
Location Number
Average Infill Depth per Location
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 5
Overall Photo
170
191
176
181
181
187
205
197
189
207
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average HIC Reading
Loca
tio
n N
um
ber
Average Head Injury Criteria (HIC) Value per Location
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 6
Method Background
ASTM F355 Procedure A and ASTM F1936 are test methods used to measure the impact
attenuation properties of synthetic turf playing systems. ASTM F355 Procedure A covers the
overall test method and ASTM 1936 specifies the method for measurement in the field on an
installed synthetic turf playing surface.
The test procedure involves dropping a 20 lb impacting missile three times at each location
from a consistent height of 24 inches. The test is typically performed at 10 locations. The
locations are based on the primary sport and the discretion of the tester. The first drop
conditions / compacts the loose infill. This value is recorded but not included in the location
average. The second and third drops are recorded and averaged for the location average. The
location averages are used to determine the field average.
The impacting missile contains an accelerometer sensor that measures the magnitude of
deceleration (measured in units of gravity or G’s) for the duration of impact. The deceleration
measured during impact creates a curve. The peak of that curve is referred to as the “Gmax”.
This is the primary value measured with this test. The maximum allowable Gmax as specified
in the current ASTM F1936 test specification is 200 Gs.
Although it is not a requirement of the ASTM-F1936 specification, another important value
determined and recorded is the Head Injury Criteria (HIC). In addition to Gmax (peak
deceleration), the duration of impact is useful when attempting to assess the probability for
a potential head injury. HIC takes into account both the deceleration and the duration by using
a mathematical interrogation of the impact deceleration curve over a time interval. HIC is
typically determined using a hemispherical impacting missile. Research has been performed
using a hemispheric impacting missile that related HIC values to the probability at which a
head injury will occur as a result of an impact generating fall. This research produced a
graphical display of this relationship called the “Expanded Prasad/Mertz Curves”. These curves
are based on data from cadaver experiments in which the relationship between HIC scores,
skull fracture, and brain damage were observed. To reiterate, the HIC head injury probability
curves were determined using a hemispherical impacting missile as is used in playground
testing. They should be interpreted cautiously but can be very helpful when attempting to
understanding the severity of impact values. In reference to the playground standard (ASTM
F1292), the maximum recommended value for HIC is 1000. For reference, the head injury
probability charts can be found on the following page.
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 7
HIC Related to Head Injury Probability
HIC Value Minor Head
Injury Moderate Head
Injury Critical Head
Injury Fatal Head
Injury
0 0% 0% 0% 0%
250 40% 20% 0% 0%
500 80% 40% 2% 0%
750 95% 70% 4% 0%
1000 98% 90% 8% 2%
1250 100% 95% 10% 2%
1500 100% 98% 20% 4%
1750 100% 100% 45% 10%
2000 100% 100% 70% 30%
2250 100% 100% 90% 70%
2500 100% 100% 95% 90%
2750 100% 100% 98% 95%
3000 100% 100% 100% 100%
Minor Head Injury: A skull trauma without loss of consciousness; fracture of nose or teeth; superficial
face injuries.
Moderate Head Injury: A skull trauma with or without dislocated skull fracture and brief loss of
consciousness. Fracture of facial bones, without dislocation; deep wound(s).
Critical Injury: A skull trauma with loss of consciousness for 12 hrs and having permanent brain damage.
Example of the “Expanded Prasad-Mertz Curve
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500HIC Value
HIC related to Head Injury Probability
Minor Head Injury
Moderate Head Injury
Critical Head Injury
Fatal Head Injury
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 8
Location Photos Photo have been taken at each location and are displayed in the sequence on the sequence map below.
Location #9 Location #1
Location #2 Location #3
ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
July 28, 2014 ● Page | 9
Location #7 Location #4
Location #5 Location #6
Location #10 Location #8
End of Report
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 1
Project Information
Overall Photo
Project Name
Southwestern College Stadium Field Performance Testing Evaluation
Client Info
FieldTurf 175 Industrial Blvd Calhoun, GA
Site Info
Southwestern College 900 Otay Lakes Road Chula Vista, CA
Report Date
8/27/2014 Test Date
8/16/2014
Report Status
Final Report No.
FFFT-140816
Prepared & Checked by
Jeffrey Gentile Laboratory Director
Notes: 1. This report has been prepared by Sports Labs USA with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the Client and within the limitations of the resources devoted to it. 2. This report is confidential to the Client and Sports Labs USA accepts no responsibility whatsoever to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. 3. This report shall not be used for engineering or contractual purposes unless signed by the Author and the Checker and unless the report status is “Final.”
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 2
Table Contents Project Information .................................................................................................................................. 1 Overall Photo ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 2 General Information ................................................................................................................................. 2 Results Table ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Location Map ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Force Reduction (Advanced Artificial Athlete) ......................................................................................... 5 Vertical Deformation (Advanced Artificial Athlete) .................................................................................. 6 Energy Restitution (Advanced Artificial Athlete) ...................................................................................... 7 Surface Regularity (NF P 90-112) .............................................................................................................. 8 End of Report ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Summary Sports Labs USA was commissioned to perform on-site testing for the following characteristics listed below.
Ball Rebound – EN 12235:2004
Ball Roll – EN 12234:2002
Rotational Resistance – EN15301:2007
Advanced Artificial Athlete Tests: Force Reduction Vertical Deformation, & Energy Restitution – FIFA 04/05
Surface Regularity – NF P 90-112
Complete results and background information can be found in the subsequent sections of this report.
General Information
Install Date June 2014 Test Date 8/16/2014
Field Orientation
End A = West Primary Sport Football
Product Info FTRV-57 Infill System Sand & Rubber
Underlayment Yes Air Temp (° F) 78
Surface Temp (° F)
87 Weather Conditions
Clear & Sunny
Humidity (%) 48% Wind Speed (mph)
5 mph
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 3
Results Table
Property Recommended
Range
Test Position
1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg
Vertical Ball Rebound (m)
.60m to 1.0m 0.59 0.70 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.77 0.71
Ball Roll (m) 4m to 12m 5.16 4.76 4.92 5.28 4.71 5.05 4.98
Rotational Resistance (N)
25N to 50N 28 28 28 27 29 26 28
Force Reduction (%)
55% to 70% 70.5 65.0 66.0 66.5 66.5 68.5 67.2
Vertical Deformation
(mm) 4mm to 11mm 11.0 9.4 10.0 9.6 10.1 10.3 10.0
Energy Restitution (%)
20% to 50% 42.0 42.0 42.0 43.0 45.0 43.5 42.9
Infill Depth (mm) n/a 35 35 36 37 35 35 36
Location Map
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 4
Rotational Resistance – EN15301:2007 Rotational Resistance measures the interaction between the cleat sole and the surface relating to the ability of a player to change direction. Higher values can relate to a surface that resists the rotation of a foot when a player is changing direction and increase the potential for lower extremity injury. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.
28 2828
27
29
26
28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg
Ro
tati
on
al R
esis
tan
ce (
N)
Location Number
Rotational Resistance Depth per Location
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 5
Force Reduction (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Force Reduction measures the impact absorption provided by surface to a player under foot as they run. A lower value describes a surface that is harder underfoot and higher value describes a surface that is harder underfoot. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.
70.5
65.066.0
66.5 66.5
68.5
67.2
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg
Forc
e R
edu
ctio
n (
%)
Location Number
Average Force Reduction per Location
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 6
Vertical Deformation (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Vertical Deformation measures the amount a surface compresses as an athlete runs across it. This value is often related to speed of play and surface stability. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.
11.0
9.4
10.09.6
10.110.3
10.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg
Ver
tica
l Def
orm
atio
n (
mm
)
Location Number
Average Vertical Deformation per Location
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 7
Energy Restitution (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Energy Restitution is defined as the energy returned as a percentage of the energy of applied. This can be thought of as the springiness of the surface. This value relates to the feel underfoot as well as the speed of play. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.
42.0 42.0 42.043.0
45.0
43.542.9
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg
Ener
gy R
esti
tuti
on
(%
)
Location Number
Average Energy Restitution per Location
ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING
Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
August 27, 2014 ● Page | 8
Surface Regularity (NF P 90-112) This test evaluates the planarity of a surface. A 3 meter straight edge is used to check for deviations greater than 10 mm across the entire field of play.
End A = West
No Deviations Found
End of Report