glycolysis for 2nd yearmbbs 07 jan 2010 (dr. waseem kausar)

8/14/2019 Glycolysis for 2nd yearMBBS 07 jan 2010 (Dr. Waseem Kausar)

1/61

M@VFGN_BV@RJ LJR@FGDO]LM@VFGN_BV@RJ LJR@FGDO]LBv q`}jjl e`z}`v+Bv q`}jjl e`z}`v+


2/61

Okrvgbzmrogk rg Ljr`fgdo}lOkrvgbzmrogk rg Ljr`fgdo}l

Mglsdj~ }zf}r`kmj} `vj fvgejkbgqk igv jkjvay$ vjpzovjb ljr`fgdorj}$}rvzmrzv`d mglsgkjkr}$ jrm+

Mjdd} lz}r }ykrnj}oxj kjq mglsdj~}zf}r`kmj}+

Rngz}`kb} gi }zmn vj`mrogk} `vjgmmzvvoka }olzdr`kjgz}dy ok `

}okadj mjdd+


3/61

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

Bjiokorogk}8Bjiokorogk}8

M`r`fgdo}lM`r`fgdo}l< rnj fvj`ebgqk gi

mglsdj~ }zf}r`kmj}+@k`fgdo}l@k`fgdo}l < rnj }ykrnj}o} gi

mglsdj~ }zf}r`kmj} ivgl }olsdjvgkj}+(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((


4/61

Ajkjv`d S`rnq`y} gi Ljr`fgdo}lAjkjv`d S`rnq`y} gi Ljr`fgdo}l

,, M`r`fgdo}l ,,

0, Fvj`ebgqk gi l`mvglgdjmzdj} rgfzodboka fdgme} ,, ajkjv`ddy nybvgdyrom

svgrjok sgdy}`mmn`vobj dosob kzmdjom `mob}

`lokg adzmg}j$ adymjvgd vofg}j$

`mob} grnjv }za`v} i`rry `mob} f`}j}$sng}sn`rj

,, kg z}j`fdj jkjvay yojdb njvj,

gkdy fzodboka fdgme} gfr`okjb


5/61

6, Fvj`ebgqk gi lgkgljv} rgmgllgk okrjvljbo`rj}

`lokg adzmg}j$ adymjvgd$`mob} grnjv }za`v} i`rry `mob}

syvz`rjKN2% `mjryd Mg@

morvom `mob mymdjJR]'G~ Sng}@RS MG6G~ob`roj svgmj}}j},, svgbzmj @RS )

K@BN igv jkjvay


6/61

=,Fvj`ebgqk gi okrjvljbo`rj} rg MG6

`kb jdjmrvgk} o} `mmglsdo}njb

rnvgzan ` mjkrv`d g~ob`roj s`rnq`y8

rnj Morvom @mob MymdjMorvom @mob Mymdj gvRM@RM@ gv rnj

Evjf} MymdjEvjf} Mymdj+

Rno} mymdj dj`b} rg rnj svgbzmrogk

gi @RS fy svgmj}}j} m`ddjb jdjmrvgkrv`k}sgvr `kb g~ob`rojsng}sngvyd`rogk+

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((


7/61

svgrjok} sgdy}`mmn`vobj} dosob}svgrjok} sgdy}`mmn`vobj} dosob}`lokg adzmg}j$ adymjvgd`mob} grnjv }za`v} i`rry `mob}

KN2

% syvz`rj

`mjryd Mg@ Okrjvljbo`rj}Okrjvljbo`rj}

morvom `mob mymdj MG6

,,@k`fgdo}l@k`fgdo}l,,


8/61

,, ]glj Ajkjv`d Svokmosdj}]glj Ajkjv`d Svokmosdj} ,,

Svgmj}}j} gi ljr`fgdo}l `vj noandymgkrvgddjb8

@k`fgdo}l `kb m`r`fgdo}l `vj kgr

kjmj}}`vody f`d`kmjb , gkj gv rnj

grnjv l`y svjbglok`rj ok mjvr`ok

mjdd} gv `r boiijvjkr rolj} bjsjkboka

gk mjdd kjjb}

Rnj s`rnq`y rg }ykrnj}oxj `

mglsdj~ }zf}r`kmj o} kgr }olsdy rnj

vjjv}j gi rnj bjav`b`roj s`rnq`y+


9/61

Lgbj} gi MgkrvgdLgbj} gi Mgkrvgd

0, Djjd gi jkjvayDjjd gi jkjvay, oi dgq$ `k`fgdo}lo} zkdoejdy gv olsg}}ofdj

6, Djjd gi }zf}rv`rj}Djjd gi }zf}rv`rj}

=, Djjd gi jkxylj mgi`mrgv}Djjd gi jkxylj mgi`mrgv},dosgom `mob$ rno`lokj$ K@B%$ jrm+

2, sNsN , `iijmr} ogkox`rogk }r`rj}$ o+j+$

` lgdjmzdj l`y fj vj`mroj gkdy oi ok.zk/svgrgk`rjb }r`rj


10/61

:, Jkxylj}Jkxylj},,`/ pz`krory, vjsvj}}ogk gv okbzmrogk

gij~svj}}ogk gi okigvl`rogk ok BK@f/ `mroory, l`y n`j ok`mroj gv dj}}`mroj }r`rj}$ `ddg}rjvom jkxylj} n`j

%% gv ,, jiijmrgv}$ ijjbf`me mgkrvgd,fzodb,zs gi svgbzmr oknofor} jkxylj9, Mgls`vrljkr`dox`rogkMgls`vrljkr`dox`rogk , ]glj

jkxylj} `kb }zf}rv`rj} vj}rvomrjbrg mjvròk gva`kjddj} }g `} rg lèjrnj }zf}rv`rj `kb jkxylj `òd`fdj

rgajrnjv ok voanr sd`mj+


11/61

1, Ngvlgkj mgkrvgdNgvlgkj mgkrvgd, Mjvr`ok mjdd}`vj r`vajrjb fy ngvlgkj}$ qnomnokbovjmrdy vjazd`rj mjddzd`vs`rnq`y}+

Bjiokorogk8Bjiokorogk8 Ngvlgkj} `vj }l`ddvjazd`rgvy lgdjmzdj} }ykrnj}oxjbjd}jqnjvj `kb bjdojvjb rg r`vajrmjdd}+


12/61

M`vfgnybv`rj Ljr`fgdo}l GjvojqM`vfgnybv`rj Ljr`fgdo}l Gjvojq adymgajk

sjkrg}j ADZMG]J grnjv}za`v}

syvz`rj

d`mr`rj `mjryd Mg@ JrGN

RM@ mymdj @RS


13/61

Adymgdy}o}


14/61


15/61

AD_MGD_]O]AD_MGD_]O] Adzmg}j @RS nj~geok`}j @BS

Adzmg}j 9,sng}sn`rjsng}sngadzmg,o}gljv`}j

Ivzmrg}j 9,sng}sn`rj @RSsng}sngivzmrgeok`}j @BS Ivzmrg}j 0$9,fo}sng}sn`rj

`dbgd`}j

rvog}j sng}sn`rj o}gljv`}jBonybvg~y`mjrgkj Adymjv`dbjnybj

sng}sn`rj =,sng}sn`rj


16/61

Adymjv`dbjnybj =,sng}sn`rjadymjv`dbjnybj K@B% % So=,sng}sn`rj K@BN % N%

bjnybvgajk`}j 0$=,Fo}sng}sngadymjv`rj @BSsng}sngadymjv`rj eok`}j @RS

=,Sng}sngadymjv`rjsng}sngadymjvglzr`}j 6,Sng}sngadymjv`rjjkgd`}j N6G

Sng}sngjkgdsyvz`rj @BSsyvz`rj eok`}j @RS

Syvz`rj


17/61

Adymgdy}o}Adymgdy}o}Qn`r o} adymgdy}o}7

Rjk }rjs ljr`fgdom s`rnq`y rgmgkjvr adzmg}j okrg rqg lgdjmzdj}gi syvz`rj `kb rqg lgdjmzdj}

j`mn gi K@BN `kb @RS+ @dd m`vfgnybv`rj} rg fj m`r`fgdoxjblz}r jkrjv rnj adymgdyrom s`rnq`y+

, Adymgdy}o} o} mjkrv`d ok ajkjv`rokafgrn jkjvay `kb ljr`fgdomokrjvljbo`voj}+


18/61

OLSGVR@KMJ GI AD_MGD_]O]

]orj < myrgsd`}l gi @DD RNJ MJDD]

lj`k} < }qjjr }sdorrokagkdy }gzvmj gi jkjvay gi VFM}

Adzmg}j jkrvy okrg rnj mjdd} fy

0< K`% okbjsjkbjkr i`modor`rjb

6< K`% bjsjkbjkr

svgobj m`vfgk }ejdjrgk igv kgk j}}jkro`d `lokg `mob} `kbadymjvgd s`vr gi i`r+

Vjjv}ofdj vj`mrogk igv adzmgkjgajkj}o}

MJVR@OK BO]J@]J]

njlgdyrom bo}j`}j < SE bjiomojkmyI`roazj }ykbvglj < SIE bjiomojkmy


19/61

,Syvz`rjSyvz`rj m`k fj izvrnjv svgmj}}jb8

`/ `k`jvgfom`ddy rg d`mr`rjd`mr`rj ok lz}mdj`kb ok mjvr`ok lomvg,gva`ko}l} gv

f/ `k`jvgfom`ddy rg jrn`kgdjrn`kgd.ijvljkr`rogk/ gv

m/ `jvgfom`ddy rg MG6 `kb N6G o` rnj

morvom `mob mymdj+


20/61

,, @dmgngd ijvljkr`rogk `kb`k`jvgfom adymgdy}o} .d`mr`rj/ `vj

kgrjiiomojkr jkjvay svgobjv} }okmj rno}adymgdyrom s`rnq`y yojdb} dorrdj @RS+

,, @jvgfom svgmj}}oka gi syvz`rjrnvgzan rnj morvom `mob mymdj`kb vj}sov`rogk aoj} ` lgvj

mglsdjrj g~ob`rogk `kb ` lzmnnoanjv @RS yojdb+, Adymgdy}o} svgobj} syvz`rj$

` svjmzv}gv igv vj}sov`rogk$ rnj

Ad d o nAd d o n r r


21/61

Adymgdy}o} n`} rqg }r`aj}+Adymgdy}o} n`} rqg }r`aj}+

@+ @k jkjvay okj}rljkr sn`}j+Vj`mrogk}$ 0,:+ Adzmg}j rg rqgadymjv`dbjnybj =,sng}sn`rj

lgdjmzdj}+ Rqg @RS} `vj okj}rjb+F+ @k jkjvay s`ygiisn`}j+Vj`mrogk} 9,03+ rqg adymjv`dbjnybj

=,sng}sn`rj lgdjmzdj} rg rqgsyvz`rj sdz} igzv @RS lgdjmzdj}+,, @ kjr girqg @RS lgdjmzdj} gjv`dd

sdz} rqg K@BN+


22/61

Sn`}j O+ Jkjvay Okj}rljkr+Sn`}j O+ Jkjvay Okj}rljkr+

0, Adzmg}j o} sng}sngvyd`rjb+ Adzmg}jjkrjv} ` mjdd rnvgzan ` }sjmoiomadzmg}j rv`k}sgvr svgmj}}+ Or o}

pzomedy sng}sngvyd`rjb `r rnjj~sjk}j gi `k @RS+ Rnj okj}rljkr gi`k @RS njvj o} m`ddjb svoloka+

Jkxylj} < nj~geok`}jnj~geok`}j gvadzmgeok`}jadzmgeok`}j


23/61

@RS @BS

adzmg}j adzmg}j 9,sng}sn`rj

Ag! < ,09+1 eH'lgdj


24/61

Vj`mrogk8Vj`mrogk8

iov}r jkjvay okj}rljkr noandy j~jvagkom$ A< ,09+1eH'lgdj$ .j}}jkro`ddy ovvjjv}ofdj/


25/61

Nj~geok`}jNj~geok`}j igzkb ok `dd mjdd} gi jjvy

gva`ko}l dgq }sjmoiomory igvlgkg}`mmn`vobj} .}olsdj }za`v}/

o+j+$ grnjv lgkg}`mmn`vobj} m`k fjsng}sngvyd`rjb fy nj~geok`}j+ vjd`rojdy noan `iiokory igv adzmg}j$

EL< 3+0 lL

oknoforjb fy or} svgbzmr$ adzmg}j

9,sng}sn`rj


26/61

Adzmgeok`}jAdzmgeok`}j

igzkb ok dojv noan EL .{03lL/ igv adzmg}j

kgr oknoforjb fy adzmg}j,9,sng}sn`rj lg}r jiijmroj qnjk adzmg}j djjdok fdggb o} noan$ o+j+$ voanr `irjv lj`d+


27/61

6, O}gljvox`rogk gi adzmg}j 9,sng}sn`rj

Jkxylj < sng}sngadzmgo}gljv`}jsng}sngadzmgo}gljv`}j

adzmg}j 9,sng}sn`rj ivzmrg}j 9,sngsn`rj

`dbg}j rg ejrg}j o}gljvox`rogk

vjjv}ofdj$ A

< 0+1 eH'lgdj

= ] b n n d ro


28/61

=, ]jmgkb sng}sngvyd`rogkJkxylj


29/61

2, Mdj``aj rg rqg rvog}jsng}sn`rj}

Jkxylj eH'lgdj$ bvojk fy

NM


30/61

,, ljmn`ko}l8 ejrg `r M6 giI,0$9,fo} S mgkbjk}j} qorn ,`lokj

gi dy} `r `mroj }orj gi jkxylj.]mnoii f`}j okrjvljbo`rj/$ `oboka okm`vfgk,m`vfgk fgkb mdj``aj+

N NNM,GS N ,N6G NM,GS

M


31/61

:, O}gljvox`rogk gi bonybvg~y`mjrgkjsng}sn`rj

Jkxylj < rvog}j,sng}sn`rj o}gljv`}jrvog}j,sng}sn`rj o}gljv`}j

N6M,GN

M


32/61

`ddgq} okrjvmgkjv}ogk gi rqg rvog}jng}sn`rj svgbzmr} gi `dbgd`}j mdj``a

gkdy adymjv`dbjnybj sng}sn`rj m`kj z}jb izvrnjv ok adymgdy}o}+`dbg}j,ejrg}j o}gljvox`rogk }olod`v

g sng}sngadzmgo}gljv`}j v~k`ddgq} bonybvg~y`mjrgkj sng}sn`rjg fj ljr`fgdoxjb `}

dymjv`dbjnybj =,sng}sn`rjvjjv}ofdj$ A< %1+: eH'lgdj+no} o} olsgvr`kr ok adzmgkjgajkj}o}


33/61

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

Jkb gi Iov}r Sn`}j8

, Svgbzmrogk gi rqg adymjv`dbjnybj=,sng}sn`rj lgdjmzdj} ivgl gkjadzmg}j lgdjmzdj qorn rnj

j~sjkborzvj gi rqg @RS}+, Rnjvjigvj8 rnj jkjvay yojdb} gi rnjigddgqoka }rjs} `vj lzdrosdjb fy rqg+

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

]jmgkb Sn`}j8]jmgkb Sn`}j8

9 G~ob`rogk gi adymjv`dbjnybj


34/61

9, G~ob`rogk gi adymjv`dbjnybj=,sng}sn`rj

Jkxylj< adymjv`dbjnybj,=,sng}sn`rjbjnybvgajk`}j

%

,`bborogk gi sng}sn`rj$ g~ob`rogk$svgbzmrogk gi K@BN$ igvl`rogk gi

noan jkjvay mglsgzkb

adymjv`dbjnybj =,sng}sn`rj 0$= fo}sng}sngadymjv`rj

GGSG

G K@B K@BN G

GSGN M


35/61

, Iov}r noan jkjvay mglsgzkbajkjv`rjb < fjaokkoka gi s`ygii+

, svgbzmr o} `k `mydsng}sn`rj$ `iz}jbm`vfg~ydom,sng}sngvom `mob

`knybv`rj$ qnomn n`} ` jvy noanivjj jkjvay gi nybvgdy}o}+, vjjv}ofdj v~k$ A < %9+= eH'lgdj

fjm`z}j rno} iz}jb avgzs vjr`ok}}glj gi rnj jkjvay svgbzmjb fy rnjg~ob`rogk gi rnj `dbjnybj rg rnj

m`vfg~ydom `mob+

o b o


36/61

,, vj`mrogk svgbzmj} olsgvr`krvjbzmoka mglsgzkb K@BN

< komgrok`lobj `bjkokj bokzmdjgrobj$vjbzmjb igvl+ N

UMgvj K@B% o}

vjmymdjb `kb kgrz}jb zs okljr`fgdo}l+\


37/61

Ljmn`ko}l gi A=S Bjnybvgajk`}jLjmn`ko}l gi A=S Bjnybvgajk`}j


38/61

1, Rv`k}ijv gi sng}sn`rj rg l`ej @RSJkxylj < sng}sngadymjv`rj

eok`}j

, iov}r }zf}rv`rj djjd sng}sngvyd`rogk$yojdboka @RS

, 6 0$= fo} SA yojdb 6 @RS}$ rnz} }g i`v@RS yojdb < @RS okszr

, noan ivjj jkjvay yojdb$ A+>eH'lgdj bvoj} }jjv`d gi rnj svjogz}

G


39/61

>, Sng}sn`rj }noir }jrzsJkxylj< sng}sngadymjv`rj lzr`}j

, }noir} sng}sn`rj ivgl sg}orogk = rg 6, vjjv}ofdj$ A < % 2+9 eH'lgdj


40/61

, ljmn`ko}l okgdj} sng}sngvyd`rjbjkxylj okrjvljbo`rj qorn rnjigvl`rogk gi 6$= fo}sng}sngadymjv`rj

? Ajkjv`rogk gi }jmgkb jvy noan


41/61

?, Ajkjv`rogk gi }jmgkb jvy noanjkjvay mglsgzkb fy ` bjnybv`rogk

Jkxylj < jkgd`}j

,, dorrdj jkjvay mn`kaj ok rno}vj`mrogk$

A

< %0+1 eH'lgdj fjm`z}j rnj


42/61

, rnj jkjvay o} dgmejb okrg rnj noanjkjvay zki`gv`fdj jkgd

mgkioazv`rogk fy sng}sngvom `mob j}rjv

, zsgk d`rjv nybvgdy}o} gi sng}sn`rj8

N noan jkjvay dgq jkjvaynoan jkjvay dgq jkjvayG G

,M


43/61

03, Iok`d ajkjv`rogk gi @RSJkxylj < syvz`rj eok`}j

SG N @BS @RS G,GGM,M


44/61

, v~k o} }g j~jvagkom fjm`z}j rnj jkgdok SJS o} rv`k}igvljb rg ` ejrg ok

syvz`rj+, bvoj} }jjv`d svjogz} vj`mrogk}+, syvz`rj o} rnj svol`vy svgbzmr

gi adymgdy}o}, syvz`rj eok`}j o} ` noandyvjazd`rjb jkxylj+

F ee o


45/61

FggeejjsokaFggeejjsoka8, 6 @RS} ivgl j`mn adymjv`dbjnybj

=,sng}sn`rj < rgr`d gi 2 sjv gvoaok`dadzmg}j ok }jmgkb sn`}j+

, 6 lgdjmzdj} gi K@BN `d}g svgbzmjb+

, 6 @RS} qjvj okj}rjb ok rnj iov}r

sn`}j gi adymgdy}o}+

Adymgdy}o}8 Okj}r 6 @RS 2 @RS

kjr 6 @RS `kb 6 K@BN

] i J V d ro no]zll`vy gi Jkjvay Vjd`rogk}nos}


46/61

]zll`vy gi Jkjvay Vjd`rogk}nos}]zll`vy gi Jkjvay Vjd`rogk}nos}igv Adymgdy}o}igv Adymgdy}o}

Okszr < 6 @RS0+ adzmg}j % @RS adzmg}j,9,S6+ ivzmrg}j,9,S % @RS ivzmrg}j 0$9fo}sng}sn`rj

Gzrszr < 2 @RS % 6 K@BN0+ 6 adymjv`dbjnybj =,S % 6 So % 6 K@B%

6 .0$= fo}sng}sngadymjv`rj/ % 6 K@BN6+ 6 .0$= fo}sng}sngadymjv`rj/ % 6 @BS6 .=,S,adymjv`rj/ % 6 @RS=+ 6 SJS % 6 @BS 6 syvz`rj % 6 @RS

Kjr < 6 @RS `kb 6 K@BN


47/61

Jkjvay _ojdb Ivgl Adymgdy}o}Jkjvay _ojdb Ivgl Adymgdy}o}

dzmg}j 9 MG6 < ,6>23 eH'lgdj

6 @RS} svgbzmjb < 6 ~ =3+: 23 < 6*

vjmgjvjb `} @RS}zf}jpzjkr g~ob`rogk gi syvz`rj `kb@BN m`k vjmgjv lgvj gi rnj ivjj

kjvay ivgl adzmg}j+ I`rj gi Svgbzmr gi Adymgdy}o}, Syvz`rjI`rj gi Svgbzmr gi Adymgdy}o}, Syvz`rj


48/61

I`rj gi Svgbzmr gi Adymgdy}o} Syvz`rjI`rj gi Svgbzmr gi Adymgdy}o} Syvz`rj, Syvz`rj o} `r ` mjkrv`d fv`kmn sgokrok ljr`fgdo}l+

Vjm`dd8@jvgfom s`rnq`y , rnvgzanmorvom `mob mymdj `kb vj}sov`rogk5rno} s`rnq`y yojdb} i`v lgvj jkjvay

`kb qodd fj bo}mz}}jb d`rjv+K@BN % G6 K@B% % jkjvay

Syvz`rj % G6 =MG6 % jkjvay

RR fofo rnrn


49/61

RqgRqg `kjvgfom`kjvgfom s`rnq`y}8s`rnq`y}8

, rg d`mr`rj o` d`mr`rj bjnybvgajk`}j, rg jrn`kgd o` jrn`kgd bjnybvgajk`}

, Kgrj8 fgrn z}j zs K@BN svgbzmjb}g gkdy 6 @RS sjv adzmg}j mgk}zljb

D`mr`rj Ijvljkr`rogkD`mr`rj Ijvljkr`rogk


50/61

+ D`mr`rj Ijvljkr`rogkD`mr`rj Ijvljkr`rogkJkxylj < D`mr`rj Bjnybvgajk`}j

GG,

MGG,


51/61

Njds} bvoj adymgdy}o} fy z}oka zsK@BN

Vjjv}ofdj }g syvz`rj m`k fjvjajkjv`rjb ok `drjvk`rojljr`fgdo}l

D`mr`rj ijvljkr`rogk olsgvr`kr okvjb fdggb mjdd}$ s`vr} gi rnj vjrok`$`kb ok }ejdjr`d lz}mdj mjdd} bzvoka

}rvjkzgz} j~jvmo}j+ Olsgvr`kr ok sd`kr} `kb oklomvgfj} avgqoka ok `f}jkmj gi G6+

D r r B n b .DBN/ n


52/61

,, D`mr`rj Bjnybvgajk`}j .DBN/ n`}lzdrosdj igvl}+ Or o} `k o}gxylj+

Rqg sgdysjsrobj} L `kb N mgljrgajrnjv rg igvl DBN+ Or o} ` rjrv`ljv}g ` lo~rzvj o} igvljb8

L2$ L=N$ L6N6$ LN= `kb N2

L L L N N N N N N NL L L L L L L N

N N


53/61

]ejdjr`d lz}mdj `kb dojv mgkròksvjbglok`krdy rnj LL igvl}5

nj`vr rnj NN igvl}+ Bzvoka `kbìrjv lygm`vbo`doki`vmrogk .nj`vr

`rr`me/$ nj`vrmjdd} boj vjdj`}okaDBN okrg rnjmovmzd`rogk+

Boàkg}rom+


54/61

]zll`vy]zll`vy Adzmg}jAdzmg}jgi Vj`mrogk}gi Vj`mrogk} 6 @RS

6 K@BN6 syvz`rj

6 K@BN 6 K@BN

`k`jvgfom`k`jvgfom `k`jvgfom`k`jvgfom6 jrn`kgd % MG

66 d`mr`rj

6 `mjryd Mg@ % 6 MG6 G6 `jvgfom`jvgfom

2 MG6 % 2 N6G

VJAZD@ROGK GI AD_MGD_]O]VJAZD@ROGK GI AD_MGD_]O]


55/61

Rnvjj ovvjjv}ofdj eok`}j vj`mrogk}svol`vody bvoj adymgdy}o} igvq`vb+

nj~geok`}j gv adzmgeok`}jsng}sngivzmrgeok`}jsyvz`rj eok`}j

Rnj}j jkxylj} vjazd`rj adymgdy}o}Rnj}j jkxylj} vjazd`rj adymgdy}o}`} qjdd+`} qjdd+

,, VJAZD@ROGK GI AD_MGD_]O]VJAZD@ROGK GI AD_MGD_]O] ,,


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0+0+NJ^GEOK@]J `kb ADZMGEOK@]JNJ^GEOK@]J `kb ADZMGEOK@]J

Bo}mz}}jbBo}mz}}jbNJ^GEOK@]JNJ^GEOK@]JSng}sngvyd`rogk gi adzmg}j+

Oknoforjb fy or} svgbzmr$ adzmg}j9,sng}sn`rj$ `} ` vj}sgk}j rg

}dgqoka gi adymgdy}o}

ADZMGEOK@]JADZMGEOK@]J


57/61

ADZMGEOK@]JADZMGEOK@]J

dojv jkxylj qorn noan EL igvadzmg}j }g lg}r jiijmroj qnjk

adzmg}j djjd} `vj jvy noan

kgr oknoforjb fy adzmg}j 9,sng}sn`r}jk}oroj rg noan adzmg}j okmovmzd`rogk ivgl vjmjkr lj`d

or bjmvj`}j} noan djjd gi adzmg}jok fdggb fy r`eoka adzmg}j okrg dojv


58/61

6+ SNG]SNGIVZMRGEOK@]JSNG]SNGIVZMRGEOK@]Jv`rj doloroka igv adymgdy}o}

`k `ddg}rjvom lzdroljvom vjazd`rgvyjkxylj+Lj`}zvj} `bjpz`my gi jkjvay djjd}+

Oknoforgv}8Oknoforgv}8 @RS `kb morv`rj noan jkjvay

@mro`rgv}8@mro`rgv}8@BS$ @LS$ dgq jkjvay`kb ivzmrg}j 6$9 fo}sng}sn`rj

@RS oknofor} sng}sngivzmrg}j


59/61

@RS oknofor} sng}sngivzmrg}j`mroory fy bjmvj`}oka ivzmrg}j

9,sng}sn`rj fokboka@LS `kb @BS vjjv}j @RS oknoforogk

Ivzmrg}j 6$9 fo}sng}sn`rj o} ` jvyolsgvr`kr vjazd`rgv$ mgkrvgddoka rnjvjd`roj idz~ gi m`vfgk rnvgzan

adymgdy}o} jv}z} adzmgkjgajkj}o}+, Or `d}g mgzsdj} rnj}j s`rnq`y} rgngvlgk`d vjazd`rogk+

= S_VZY@RJ EOK@]JS_VZY@RJ EOK@]J SJS % @BS


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=+ S_VZY@RJ EOK@]JS_VZY@RJ EOK@]J SJS % @BSsyvz`rj % @RS

@k `ddg}rjvom rjrv`ljv

, oknoforgv8@RS

, oknoforgv}8`mjryd Mg@ `kbi`rry `mob} .`drjvk`roj izjd} igv

RM@ mymdj/

, `mro`rgv8ivzmrg}j 0$9,fo}sng}sn`rj .ijjb,igvq`vb/


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Sng}sngvyd`rogk .ok`mroj igvl/ `kbbjsng}sngvyd`rogk .`mroj igvl/

zkbjv ngvlgkj mgkrvgd+

@d}g noandy vjazd`rjb `r rnj djjd giajkj j~svj}}ogk.m`vfgnybv`rj dg`boka/

glycolysis for 2nd yearmbbs 07 jan 2010 (dr. waseem kausar)

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