glossary of oilfield terms and · pdf fileglossary of oilfield terms and definitions ... spec...

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GLOSSARY OF OILFIELD TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Adaptor Flange Anintermatingflangethatconnectsbetweentwootherflanges thataredifferentconnectiontypesfromeachother.Twotypes areavailable:-DoubleStuddedAdaptor(DSA),oraSingle StuddedAdaptor(SSA).

Adaptor Spool Apressurecontrolhousingbodywithtwodifferentend connectionstofitbetweentwootherpiecesofequipment.Can oftenbeusedinsteadofaDoubleStuddedAdaptorbecauseat leastoneofthecomponentstowhichitconnectshasastudded flangeconnection.

ANSI AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.(Formerlyknownbythe nameAmericanStandardsAssociation)(ASA).Thisorganisation setsstandardsforASME:-ANSIB16.5,WeldNeck,Blindand ScrewedFlangescommonlyusedinrefineriesandprocess industries.

Annular Referstothespacebetweentheinsidediameterofacasedor drilledholeandasecondarystringofcasingsuspendedinside thisspace.

API AmericanPetroleumInstitute.Theorganisationthatdevelops andpublishesAPIspecifications.

API 16A (AlsoISO13533)AmericanPetroleumInstitutepublication specificationusedastheindustrySpecificationforDrilling Equipment.

API 6A (AlsoISO10423)TheAmericanPetroleumInstitutepublication specificationutilisedastheoilindustrySpecificationfor WellheadsandChristmasTreeEquipment.

API Monogram TheregisteredtrademarkoftheAmericanPetroleumInstitute (API).Qualifiedlicensedmanufacturersareauthorisedtouse theAPIMonogramandtheirlicensenumber,ontheir documentationandonproductlabelstosignifyequipmentmeets therequirementsofAPIspecifications.

API 17D TheAmericanPetroleumInstitutespecificationusedforSubsea WellheadandChristmasTreeEquipment.

ASTM AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials.Theorganisation providingavastarrayofspecificationsforteststandards, methodologyandmaterials.

A D E L A I D E • B R I S B A N E • P E R T H

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Austenitic Stainless 300seriesstainlesssteel(example316,304,321)withaSteel chemicalcompositionofchromium16%minimum,nickel,8% minimum,andcarbon.08%maximum.

B7, B7M ASTMspecificationforbolting,A193GradeB7,specifiedinAPI Spec6Aforstandardserviceflangebolting.B7MisB7Modified withcontrolledhardness(charpiestested)inthebolt(and2HM nut)forsourservice(NACE)exposedbolts.

BHN AbbreviationforBrinellHardnessNumber.(Newabbreviationis now:-HBW).

Bolt Circle Thedimensionofatheoreticalcirclethroughthecenterpointof aseriesofholes,drilledequallyspaced,nearthemid circumferenceofaflange.

Bolting Tension TheenergyresultingfromapplyingTorquetonutsonto bolts/studsprovidingtherequiredcompressiveforcetohold connectionsincontactunderpressureorload.

Bolting Torque Therotationalforceappliedtonutsontostudboltsrequireto tightenandapplytensiontotheboltsinordertoholdflangesor otherconnections.

BOP AnAbbreviationforBlowoutPreventer.

Braden Head Seecasinghead

Break-out ToBreakapart;todisconnectflangedorscrewedConnectors.

Brinell Hardness Ameasureofsteelhardness,measuredbypressinga tungstencarbidetoolagainstasurfaceusingadesignated force,producinganimpressionwhichismeasuredandthen givenaspecialnumericalvaluewhichrelatestosteeltensile strength.API6AspecifiesminimumBrinellHardness requirements.NACEMR-0175referencesmaximum hardnessindeterminingsteel’ssuitabilityforuseinH2S Service.

Buffer Chamber (Header)pressurevesselwithmultipleinletsandoutlets,utilised tocontainanddirectthedischargefromChokesinadrilling Manifoldsystem.

Butt Weld Joint Aformofweldjointhavingspeciallypreparedsurfacesthat makesa‘FullPenetrationWeld’.Asmallgapbetweenthe adjacentpiecesofpipeorfittingsisleftthendepositedweld metalwillbridge,fill,andclose.

Butt Weld Fitting AnyfittingthathasButtweldends.

BX Refer6BX.

Carbon Steel Ironbasedmetalwithcarbonandmanganeseaddedtospecific limits.Onlyresidualsmallamountsofotherelementsareadded fordeoxidisationortocontroltheeffectsofsulphur.


Casing OilwellPipeusedtolinetheboreholeofawell.

Casing Spool ApieceofwellcontrolequipmentattachedbelowtheCasing Head,usedtosuspendandsealasecondarycasingstringwith casingslips.(Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture FMC® and CIW® style spools and heads in short delivery).

Casing Head Apieceofwellcontrolequipment(flanged,weldedorhub clamp)attachedtothetopofsurfacecasing,allowingthe attachmentofBlowoutPreventersduringthedrilling,phaseand laterusedtohangandsuspendasecondarystringofcasingset insidehungonasetofcasingslips.(Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture FMC® and CIW® style spools and heads in short delivery).

Cast Steel Steelmanufacturedbypouringmoltensteelintoametalor woodenmeldtoproducethedesiredshapeaftersolidification andcooling.

Casting Ashapemadefromcaststeel.

Charpy V-Notch Test Atestperformed(atanominatedtemperature)utilisinga calibratedfallingpendulum(hammer)fracturingaSpecimenof Materialandmeasuringtheforcerequired.

Choke Pressurecontrolequipment(chokevalve)usedtorestrictand regulatetheflowofwellfluidstomaintainadesiredpressure andflowrate.Chokestypicallyhavehardenedinternal replaceablepartsspecificallydesignedtoresisterosioncaused byhighpressure,highvelocityorabrasivefluidstypicallyused aspartofaChokeManifoldorXmasTree.Australian Pipeline Valve (APV) manufacture a full range of in-line and right angle adjustable chokes in short delivery in needle and seat CIW® style H2 in standard and H2S service. APV also manufacture multipleorificechokes(M.O.V).

Choke Manifold Acompleteassemblyofvalves,Fittings,FlangesandChokes configuredtocontrolandregulatetheflowoffluidfromawell bore.

Christmas Tree AcompleteassemblyofGateValvesandstuddedoutlets andatopconnectoretc.usedtoregulateandcontroltheflowof oilandgasduringwellproduction. Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture full range of valves and components required to assemble Christmas Trees in short delivery in FMC® and Cameron® style.

Clamp Hub ‘HubClampConnector’atypeofendconnectordocumentedin APISpec16AthatjoinswithahubandattacheswithaClamp.

Combination Adaptor AcustomRingGasketthatallowstwoflangeswithdifferentringRing Gasket groovestojoinandsealwhenMade-up.Thesegasketsarealso availablewithdifferentpitchdiametersoneachsideofthe gasket.


Concentric Reducer Apipefittingthatreducesfromalargertoasmallersizeeach end.Availableinthreaded(swagenipple)orbuttweld preparations,withtheendsconcentricalongacommonaxis.

Connector Pressurecontaining/pressurecontrollingwellheadequipment thatallowsamechanicaljointthatcanprovideapressureseal canbeFlange,Hub,Union,connection.

Corrosion Resistant (CRA)RingGroovescanbelined(overlaid)withcorrosionRing Grooves resistantmaterialsuchaseitherCRA(Like410SS)oran austeniticstainlesssteel.

Corrosion Resistant NonferrousalloyswherethetotalsumofthespecifiedamountAlloy oneormoreofthefollowingalloyelementsexceeds50%: cobalt,chromium,titanium,molybdenum,Nickeloftenusedin criticalserviceapplicationsforflanges,spools,valvesetc.

Corrosion Resistant NonferrousorFerrousalloys,morecorrosionresistantthanlowMaterial alloysteels.Examples:-StainlessSteels,DuplexSteel,CRA’s etc.

Cross AFittingwithfourconnectionsinthesameplanwithtwoofthese connectionsforminganin-linerun.Crossescanalsobe5Way and6Way.(AustralianPipelineValvemanufacturestudded4 WayCrossesand3wayTeesinshortdelivery).

Cross-over Fitting Anypipefitting,orcomponent,havingtwodifferentend connectiontypessuchas,e.g.linepipeoneendX8Round TubingThreadsotherend,maleorfemale,andvarioussizes andcombinationsofmaleorfemaleconnectors,invarious connectiontypes.

Coupling Joinstopiecesofpipeorcasingfemalebothends.Areducing couplingjoinstwodifferentsizes,femalebothends.

Double Extra Strong (XXS)alsoreferredtoasDoubleExtraHeavy(XXH);A designationofpipewithawallthicknesstwicethatofExtra StrongPipe.

Double Studded Adaptor (DSA)Aflangewithathroughboreandaringgrooveoneach side,drilledandtappedboltholesetsonbothsidesandtapped endstudscompletewithnutsfittedonbothsides.Thetwosides aredifferentinsizeand/orpressurerating.(Iftheyarethesame itisjusta‘spacer’).Utilisedtoadaptbetweendifferentflange endconnections.

Drift AgaugeofspecialdimensionsusedtopassthroughtheRun of(minimumbore)equipmenttoprovethattheboreoftherun willpassworkingtools.

Drilling Choke AChokedesignatedbyitsmanufacturerassuitablefordrilling service,(utilisedaspartofChokeManifold).


Drilling Spool EquipmentusedwithBlowoutPreventerstospacepiecesof equipmentapart.Isfittedwithoutletstoattachlinesextendingto ChokeandKillManifolds.Alsoreferredtoasa‘MudCross’.

DSA SeeDoubleStuddedAdaptor.

Elastomer Aflexibleelasticmaterialusedformouldedseals,suchas O-ringsandfaceseals.Elastomericcompoundformulations usedtosealingvariousfluids.ExampleViton(Fluoro- Elastomer).

End Connection Theconnectiononeitherendofpressurecontrolequipment.

Extra Strong (XS)alsoreferredtoasExtraHeavy(XH);Aspecificationofpipe wallspecifiedinAPISpec5Lthicknesses.Seeourtableof CarbonSteelPipeDimensions.

Figure 602 Ahammerunionmodelnumber6,000psirated.

Figure 1502 Ahammerunionmodelnumbertypically15,000psirated(but downrated(orH2Sservice).

Figure 2202 Ahammerunionmodelnumbertypically20,000psirated(but downrated(orH2Sservice).

Fitting Designedtofitbetweenotherequipmentforthepurposeof adaptingorconnectingthatotherequipmenttofacilitateflow control.Examples:TeeCross,ButtweldFitting.

Flange Asinglediscwithholestoacceptboltsorwithholedrilledand tappedwithorwithoutTappedEndStuds,withasealingmeans suchasagasket,usedtojoinpressure-containingequipment.

Flange, ANSI AflangespecifiedinAmericanNationalStandardInstitute,ANSI) standards.

Flange, API Aflangespecified,inAmericanPetroleumInstitute(API) standards.

Flange, Adaptor Aflangethatwillconnectbetweentwodifferentflanges.Usually aDoubleStuddedAdaptor(DSA),oraSingleStuddedAdapter (SSA).AlsocanbeaDoubleFlangedAdaptor.

Flange, Blind Aflangewithnoboreoroutlet,designedtocloseoffanoutletor endconnection.

Flange, Companion ARaisedFaceorRingJoint(RTJ)Flange,withathreaded outlet.AlsocalledaThreadedFlange.

Flange, MSS AflangespecifiedtoManufacturingStandardisationSociety, StandardPracticeMSS-SP-44.Typicallyspecifiedfor26”and largerflanges.

Flange, Open Face Aflangeconnectionwithdrilledthroughboltholes.Anopenface flangewillmatewithanotheropenfaceflangeorwithaStudded FaceFlange.


Flange, Outlet Anintegralflangeoutlet,connectedtoaBodyusuallyaside outlet(forexampleonateeoraspool).

Flange, RTJ AflangethatutilisesaRingGaskethasthedesignation“Ring TypeJoint”(RTJ).AllAPISpec.6Aflangeshave“RingType Joint”sealingsurfaces.ASME(ANSI)standardflangesarealso availableinRTJ.

Flange Series Outofdateterm,appliedinthepasttoAPIflanges.Theflange seriesbecausetheANSI(ASME)Rating.API6Aflangesarenow ratedinpsiworkingpressure.

Flange, Spacer Aflange,usuallymadewitharingjointconnectiononboth sides, tofitbetweentwootherflangestospacethemapart.

Flange, Studded Face Aflangeconnectionwiththeboltcirclesdrilledandtappedinto itsfacesoastoacceptTappedEndStuds(i.etheconnections onaStuddedCrossorTee).Astuddedfaceflangewillmatewith anOpenFaceFlange.

Flange, SV APISpecification17DspecifiesSwivelFlanges(flangesthat swivelaroundahub)identifiedas‘SVFlanges’.Specifiedina limitedrangeofsizesin5,000psiand10,000psi.

Flange, Target SeeTargetFlange.

Flange, Test ABlindFlange,withatappedtestportinit’scenterorsideto allowapplicationofpressureortheattachmentofagauge.

Flange, Threaded Ascrewedflangewithaninternal(alsocalledFlange, Companion)orexternalthreadoppositeitsRingGroovesideto matewiththreadedpipe.

Flange, Weld Neck Aflangewithabuttweldneckforweldingtopipeorbuttweld fittings.MaterialgrademayvaryfromthatrequiredforIntegral Flangesinordertofacilitatefieldweldingtocarbonsteelpipe.

Flow line Anypipeline,thatcontains,transportsandcontrolsthefluid.

Fluoropolymer Coating Aspecialisedcoatingtypicallyusedonstudbolts,nuts,and othersurfacesthatneedcharacteristicsoflowfriction,wear resistance,andprotectionfromcorrosion;(commonlyused foroffshoreservice)alsomarketedas‘Xylan’orTefloncoating.

Forged Steel Steel,pressedandshaped,underheat,usingcompressive forcetobreakupandcloseanyinternalDiscontinuities.

Forging SeeForgedSteel.Also,theactofusingcompressiveforce (pressesorhammers)topressureformsteelintoadesired shape.

Full Penetration Weld Aweldperformedbetweentwoadjacentpieces,theweld metalextendingthroughtheentirewall.


Gauge Apre-calibrateddevicefordeterminingtherelativesizeorshape ofanobjectcomparedtoastandard(suchasaDrift).Adevice tomeasurepressureofapressurecontainingsystem.

H2S HydrogenSulphide.

H2S Service HydrogenSulphideService.Atermtoindicatethatequipment materialspecificationsmeettherequirementsofNACE StandardMR-0175,foruseincontrollingfluidcontainingpartial pressure(aspecificpercentageasnominatedbythestandard) ofHydrogenSulphide.

Hammer Unions (WingUnions)fastactingconnectorsandcommonlyused intemporaryflow-lines.HammerUnionsconsistsof3pieces. A)Amaleconnectorwithasphericalmachinedsealing surface. B)Afemaleconnectorwithataperedmachinedsealing surfaceandexternal‘Acme’threads. C)Awingnutwithinternal‘Acme’threadsthatfitsoverthemale connectorandscrewsontothefemaleconnectorholdingthetwo connectorstogether,ensuringaseal.Somehigherpressureand largersizehammerunionscontainanelastomericsecondary sealsuchasBunaorViton.

Hammer Wrench “FloggingSpanner”Awrenchwithaheavyboxendand shortenedheavyhandlehavinganelongatedsquareshaped end.Designedtoallowheavystrikingwithasledgehammer totightenorloosennutsonstudbolts.

Hardness Ameasuredfactorthatpredictstheamountametalwillresist abrasionandbending,aswellasindicatingUltimateStrength. Commonlyexpressedas‘BrinellHardness’and‘Rockwell Hardness’.ASTME140providesaguideforcomparing hardnessdeterminedbydifferentmethodsandexpressedon differentscales.

Head Thestandingcolumnoffluidintheboreofawell.Themeasure ofpressureatthebottomofacolumnoffluidinawellboreorin anyverticalfluidcontainingsystemorpipe.

Header Referto‘BufferChamber’.

Heat Treatment Heatingandthencoolingmetaltoproduceselectedand intendedconditionsandpropertiesinthematerialsuchas strengthandhardness.Thisprocessaffectsmechanical properties:-TensileStrength,YieldStrength,Elongation, ReductionofArea,andhardness(ImpactStrength).

HBW BrinellHardnessabbreviation.

HRB (AlsooftenabbreviatedasRB)AbbreviationforRockwell Hardness.RefertoRockwellBHardness.


HRC (AlsooftenabbreviatedasRC)AbbreviationforRockwell Hardness.RefertoRockwellCHardness.

HV HardnessVickers.TheVickershardnesstestmethodis anothermethodoftesting.Thismethodisoftenusedin testingofweldsamplestomeetNACErequirements.An indentisperformedunderload.(Seeallhardnessrelated definitions).

Hydrostatic test (HydroTest)Apressuretestmethodwherewaterispumpedby pumpingintoavesselorequipmentsystemorvalveuntilthe pressurereachesaspecificlevel.Thepressureisthenheldfor aspecificperiodoftimewithoutobservedleaksorpressure reduction.TypicalteststandardsincludeAPI6A,API6D,API598, MSS,BSetc.

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)adeadlypoisonthatalsohasadestructiveeffectonhigh strengthlowalloysteelswhenthehardnessofthesesteels exceedsahardnessof22RockwellC.

I.D. InsideDiameter.

Impact Strength TheamountofenergyrequiredtofractureaSpecimenof Materialperforminganimpactblow,performedataspecified temperature,knownasa‘CharpyV-NotchTest’.

Inlay Aformofweldmetaldeposit,wherethewelddepositfillsaring grooveorothercavity.ACorrosionResistantAlloyweldmetalis depositedinoversizeringgroovesthenmachinedtoaccept RingGaskets.

Integral Notweldedorfabricated,asinglecomponent.Forinstance connectorsFlanges,Hubs,madeaspartofabody,(canalsobe joinedtoabodybyweldingbutinthemselvesareintegral).

International Standards (‘ISO’)thisstandardsorganisationhasformedapartnershipOrganisation withtheAmericanPetroleumInstitutetoestablishequipment andqualitystandardsandspecifications.ISOandAPIhave reciprocalcross-referencedanddualstandards.

ISO ReferInternationalStandardsOrganisation(above).

Joint - Blast (BlastJoint)Fortubingstringsinoilwells,‘BlastJoint’meansto apieceofheavywalledspecificallymanufacturedtubingjoint, runinthetubingstringandpositionedalongsideaperforated zonesectiontoresistexternalerosioncausedbyhighvelocity productionfluidenteringfromthatzone,therebyresistingwear.

Kill Theprocessofpumpingheavierfluidintoawellboretobringa wellintoBalanceandceasetheoutflowproductionfromthe well.

ksi (Abbreviation)Onethousandpoundspersquareinchusedto indicatematerial(i.e.steel)strengthcanalsobeshortenedto ‘K’.


L7, L7M ASTMspecificationforbolting,A320GradeL7,specifiedinAPI Spec6Aforlowtemperaturebolting.L7MisL7boltingmodified withcontrolledhardnessinthe(impacttested)(andaGR4M nut)forsourservice(NACE)exposedbolts.

Line Pipe (LP)Pipegenerallyforuseintheoilandgasindustryforthe transmissionofoilandgasunderpressure,orforavarietyof processflowapplications.CommonspecificationsAPISpec 5LandAPISpec5LX.SeeCarbonSteelPipeDimensionsat thiswebsite.

Low Alloy Steel Anironbasedmetalalloywithsmallamountsofotherelements addedwhichistoproduceadesiredresponsetoheattreatment cyclesandtoachievetargetedmechanicalproperties.

LP SeeLinePipe.

LP Thread LinePipeThread(NPT).

Lubricator Adaptor TopConnector(same,seebelowdefinition)

M Abbreviationforthousandpsiindesignatingworkingpressure.

Manifold Assemblyofvalvesfittingsandflangesconfiguredtoregulate andcontroltheflowofpressurefluidfromawellbore.

Microstructure Thephysicalparticulateorderandarrangementofconstituents ofsteelasobservedonapreparedsamplethrougha microscope.

M.S.P. MaximumServicePressure.

Mud Cross Referto‘DrillingSpool’.

NACE MR-01 75 Astandardproducedbythe‘NationalAssociationofCorrosion Engineers’(N.A.C.E)definingthechemistry,hardnessand microstructureofMaterialusedtomakeequipmenttocontainor controlwellproductionandtransmissionlinefluidsthatinclude specifiedlevelsofhydrogensulphide.

Nipple, Swage Apipefittingthatreducesfromalargersizetoasmallersize. Canbethreadedorweldends.Swage‘Nipples’aremaleboth ends.See‘Crossover’formaleXfemale,see‘Reducing coupling’forfemaleXfemale.

Nominal Adesignationtoprefixasuffixsuchas‘bore’(i.e.Nominalbore) Itindicatesanapproximateorvariablesizeordimensionwhich mayrequirefurtherdefinition,(forexamplebyalsonominatinga ‘schedule’(See-‘schedule’).

Non-Destructive (NDE)alsoreferredtoasNon-Destructive.


Evaluation Examination.ItreferstoameansofNon-DestructiveTesting,a groupofactivitiesusingvariousmethodstofind,measure, locateordeterminenumerousfacetsofaboutMaterialor equipment,thatallowsaninspectortodecide(inaccordance withrequiredstandards)ifanyidentifiedcharacteristicsor conditionsconstituteflaws.

O.D. OutsideDiameter.

O.E.M. ‘OriginalEquipmentManufacturer’.Acompanywhichfirst designedandbuiltpartsorequipment.

One Piece Construction Referstointegralflangedorotherequipmentmadefroma singlepieceofsteel.Mustnotbeweldedorfabricatedor assembled.

Outlet Connection AconnectiononaRun.Usedtoinletoroutlettheflowfluidor gasintoaChokeorManifold.

Overlay Aformofmetalwelddepositcoveringabasemetalsurface. TypicallyaCorrosionResistantAlloy(CRA)preventcorrosion causedbywellfluids(forexamplecontainingH2S).

Pack-Off Adaptor UsedinawellheadbelowtheTubingHead(TubingSpool)to adaptbetweenflangesizesorpressureratingsandprovidea sealaroundasecondarycasingstring.

Pitch Diameter (PCD)thetheoreticaldiameterofthemidpoint(circularcenter line)ofaringgrooveorflangeboltholes.Determinedby measuringfromtheinsideoftheringgrooveorboltholeonone sidetotheoutsideoftheringgrooveorflangeboltholes,ifthe outletisattheendofarunthenitiscalledan‘endconnection’ exactoppositeside.

Post Weld Heat (PWHT)Heattreatingprocessusedafterwelding.ItinvolvesTreatment heatingthewelddepositandbasemetalareaaffectedtoa nominatedtemperaturelongenoughtoreduceresidualstress. Thisprocess,mayalsoservetosatisfyNACEMR-0175 requirementsforequipmentusedinH2SService.

Pressure, Working ‘MaximumServicePressure’themaximumpressurethat specificunitsofequipmentsuchasspools,valves,wellheadetc. shouldexperienceinuse.API6AspecifiesthattheMaximum ServicePressurebemarkedonallequipment(thepressure ratinglimitedbythelowestpressureconnectoronthe equipment).

Pressure Test Theprocessofapplyingfluidorgaspressuretotheinsideof equipmentbodies,orupstreamofequipmentorevenpiping systemclosuremechanisms,toproveequipmentpressure containment(toprescribedteststandardshutoffrequirements) integrity.Alsosee‘Hydrostatic-Test’.


Procedure Qualification (PQR)Adocumentdetailingthetestingprogramundergone Record tovalidatetheWeldingProcedureSpecification(WPS).The PQRcontainsrecordsoftheperformanceofallfactorscalled outinthe‘WPS’includingthetestresultsofall,volumetric, mechanical,andsurfacetestsmadetestweldsperformedto provethatproductionweldscarriedoutinconformancewith the‘WPS’meetthespecifiedrequirements.Example secification:-ASMESEC.IXQW-200.2.

PSI ‘PoundsperSquareInch’toindicatingpressureorload.

PSL ‘ProductSpecificationLevel.’AsspecifiedinAPISpec6A.A tieredprogressionoftestingandinspectionrequirementsfor materialsandequipmentprescribingdifferentlevelsofservice.

PSL-1 ‘ProductSpecificationLevel1’.Theminimumleveloftestingand inspectionrequiredformaterialandequipmentasdescribedin APISpec6A.

PSL-2 ‘ProductSpecificationLevel2’.Aleveloftestingandinspection formaterialandequipmentalternateto(higherandmore stringent)andinadditiontoPSL1requirementsasdescribedin APISpec6A.

PSL-3 ‘ProductSpecificationLevel3’.Aleveloftestingandinspection formaterialandequipmentalternate(higherandmorestringent) toandinadditiontoPSL1and2requirementsasdescribedin APISpec6A.

PSL-3G ‘ProductSpecificationLevel3G.’Aleveloftestingandinspection formaterialandequipmentdescribedinAPISpec6AasPSL3, withtheadditionalrequirementofgastesting.

PSL-4 ‘ProductSpecificationLevel4.’IncludestheAPI6Aaswellas requirementsforPSL3G,additionalrestrictionsonmaterial qualificationandheattreating,aswellastheprohibitionof welding(exceptforoverlay/inlayofcorrosionresistantmaterial.

Qualified Welder Alsoreferredtoas‘CertifiedWelder’.Apersonperforming weldinginaccordancewithagivenWeldingProcedure Specification.Asampleweldhaspassedallrequired examinationsrequiredforacceptance.Welderqualification requiresthatthewelderperformwelding,usingtheprocedure methodsandequipmentwithinspecifiedtimeperiods,and maintainsrequiredrecordsofthisperformance.Example specification:-ASMESEC.IXART.IIIQW-304andQW-305.

Qualified Welding AdefinedWeldingProcedureSpecification,referencingthe ‘ProcedureQualificationRecord’whichprovesthatthe procedureresultsinthedesiredpropertiesintheweldmetal, heatareazoneandbasemetalafteranypostweldheat treatmentisperformed.


R Theprefixdesignation,followedbyanumber,(i.e.R-27) designatingastandardhexagonalorovalRingGasket(used forRTJFlanges)‘R’gasketsareavailableinCADplatedsoft ironaswellasstainlesssteelandothergradeofsteel.

Raised Face (RF)thatsectionofthefaceofaflange(neartheI.D.)raised abovethefaceoftheflangeprovidingsealingsurfaceforaflat (CNAForspiralwound)gasketoraringgroove(RTJ)toprovide asealwithaRingGasket.(APISpec.6Aflangesonlyusering gaskets).Only6BXOpenFaceFlanges(API1010,000and 15,000psi)musthavearaisedface,generally1/16”or(1/8” minimumheight),APISpec.6Apermitstheomissionofraised facesonallotherflangeconnectors.ANSI(ASME)Flangesdo specifyaraisedfaceinclass150to2500.

RFWN See:‘WNRF’.

Reducing Coupling SeeCoupling.

Ring Gasket Acircularmetalringgasket,withanumberdesignation, designedtofitintogroovesmachinedintothefaceofflanges and/orotherconnectorsorotherequipment.

Ring Groove Acloselytolerancedgroovemachinedintothefaceofa Connector,designedtoacceptaRingGasketandachievea ‘metaltometal’sealwhenMade-up.DesignationbyanR,RXor BXsize.

Riser Pressurecontrolequipmentdeviceusedtospaceapartother equipmenttoanominatedheightorposition.AlsoseeSpacer Spool.

Rockwell B Hardness Hardnessofmetallicmaterialsmeasuredbypressingan indenteragainstasurfacewithaspecificforce.Thedepthof theindentionisalsomeasuredtoprovideanumericalvaluefor thatdepth.TheRockwell‘Bscale’providesmoreaccuracythan HRC20.

Rockwell C Hardness AhardnessratingofsteelorAlloys,measuredbypressingan indenteragainstasurfacewithanominatedforce.Indention alsomeasuresthedepthofthedepthofindentionisalso measuredtoprovideanumericalvalueforthatdepth.The numericalvaluerelatestoTensileStrength.NACEStandard MR-0175referenceshardnessindeterminingsteel’ssuitability forusein‘H2SService’.

RTJ ‘RingTypeJoint’.AlsoseeRTJFlanges.

RTJWN See‘WN-RTJ’.

Run ThepassagethroughaBody,thatwillpassfluidandtools.

Rust MetallicLosscausedbyCorrosion(ironoxide).


RX AprefixforAPISpec.6Aselfenergisingringgasketsealrings. RXringgasketswillfitallRringgroovesinAPI-6Bflangesand onlyRXringgasketsfit‘SR’ringgroovesinAPISpec.16Ahubs. RXgasketsaresuppliedinlowalloycadplatedcarbonsteel, stainlesssteelandallopengradesofsteel.

SBX ARingGasketthesameasBXgasketbutdrilledwithavent holeforsubseause.

Schedule AnASME(ANSI)standardtermusedtoindicatethewall thicknessofstandardpipesizes.Example:-‘schedule40’.

Seal Contact Area Theareasthatgasketssealagainstinanytypeconnection.

Segmented Flanges Alsocalled“Dual”or“5Bolt”flanges.Usedtoconnectvalves andtubingheadadaptorsonChristmasTreeswhere2 producingtubingstringshanginsideasinglecasedwellbore.A ‘dualcompletion’theyhaveaspecialeccentricconfigurationthat allowstheproducingtubingtohaveasmallclearanceprofile.

Series SeeFlangeSeries.

Service Usedtodenotethesuitabilityofequipmentforuseinaparticular environmentExample:-HighTemperature,service.

Single Studded Adaptor Aflangewithaboreandaringgrooveoneachside,witha drilled‘throughbolt’circlethesameasanOpenFaceFlangeon it’slargersideandadrilledandtappedboltendstudscircleon it’ssmallerside.

Snubbing Usedtodescribetheprocessofinstallingpipeintoapressurised wellbore,usingspecialisedequipmentsuchas‘Blowout Preventers’.

Sour NaturalgasorCrudeoilcontaminatedwithsulphur,especially hydrogensulphide(H2S).

Spacer Spool Pressurecontrolequipmenthavingendconnectionsandan extendedbody,usedtoraiseorspaceapartblowoutpreventers orevenwellheadsandchokemanifolds.

Spool - Blast (BlastSpool)AtermappliedtoChokeManifolds,aspecially manufacturedspoolattacheddirectlytotheoutletconnectionof aDrillingChoketoprovideprotectionformtheeffectsofhigh velocityfluiderosion.

SRX ARXRingGasketdrilledwithaventholeforsubseause.

SS Flanges APISpec17Dspecifiestheseforupto11”flangesin5,000psi workingpressurewithBXringgrooves,ineitherfullstainless steelorinlayedwithCorrosionResistantMaterial.


Stainless Steel Anironbasedmetalalloywithahighchromiumcontent sufficienttoreduceorpreventMetalLossCorrosion.Depending onthegradeotherelementssuchasmagnesiumarealso added.

Standard Weight (STD)-AdesignationofASMEpipewallthickness.Equalto schedule40upto250NB(10”).Overthissizeschedule40is heavier.

Stand - off ThedistancebetweenMade-upconnectionsfacesutilisingring gaskets,measuredneartheringgroove.

Stress Relief See‘PostWeldHeatTreatment’.

String Averticalarrangementofdrillpipe,casingortubingsuspended inawellbore.

Stud Bolts StudboltsforOpenFaceFlangesthatarefullythreadedendto end(withnobolthead).

Subsea Oilfieldwellheadequipmentusedoffshoreandbelowthe surfaceofthewater.

Surface Oilfieldwellheadequipmentusedonlandorabovethewaterline inoffshoreapplications.

Swage Nipple SeeNippleSwage.

Sweet Crudeoilornaturalgaswithoutappreciableamountsofsulphur i.e.‘StandardService’.

Swivel Union Alsoknownasa‘Chicksan’,Swivelunionsarearotatableunion usedfordrillingloops.Theyareavailableinvarious configurations.(Theseswivelsarenotdesignedforcontinuous rotatingservice).

Tapped End Studs Studboltsthreadedoneachend,withanunthreadedportionon thebodycenterdiameter(orcabbeallthreaded).Thethread lengthdimensionononeendcontrolsthedepthofengagement ofthatendintoatappedhole.

Tee AFittingwiththreeconnectionsinthesameplanewithtwoof theseconnectionsforminganin-lineRun.ATeemayhavea fourthoutletnotinthesameplaneastherun.(Ifthereisafourth outletonthesameplaneitiscalledacrossnotatee). (Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture tees and crosses for xmas trees and manifolds in short delivery).

Teflon Fluoropolymer(PTFE).

Tensile Strength ThebreakingstrengthofaSpecimenwhensubjectedtoa stretchingforcesufficienttobreakit(usuallyexpressedinksi).

Tension Theamountofstretchingforceplacedintoaboltbythe tighteningofthenut(usuallymeasuredinpoundspersquare inch).


Test Flange Ablindflange,usuallywithaleadfilledcavityusedtocushion andminimisethewearcausedbyerosionfromhighvelocityand abrasivefluids.

Top Connector TheTopConnectorofaChristmasTreealsoreferredtoasa ‘treecap’thatallowsfullboreaccesstotheboreofthevalves. Usuallyaflangebottomanduniontop(ACMEthread)witha cap.ThecapnormallyisLPtappedtofacilitateaneedlevalve& testgauge.ReferredtoasaBottomHoleTestAdaptor.

TPI ThreadsperInch.

Transition Piece (AlsoseeReducerAdaptor)canidentifyanyinterfacefitting.In thepast,APISpec6Aspecifiedweldendreducersthatadapt weldnecksof6BXflangestostandardpipesizesand schedules.APInolongerspecifiestransitionpiecesinAPISpec 6A.

Tree Cap SeeTopConnector(Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture Tree Caps,inCIW®,FMC®(OCT)styleinshortdelivery).

Tree Top SeeTopConnector.

Trim Ageneraltermusedtodescribethemetallurgyandother materialconsiderationsusedwhenspecifyingpressurecontrol equipmentforuseinparticularcorrosiveenvironments.E.g. “H2STrim.”

Triple Extra Strong SeeXXXSAlso,SeeXXXH,(XXXS)alsoreferredtoastriple extraheavy(XXXH)asuperheavywallpipeschedule3times thickerthanXSpipe.Generallycustomorderedand manufactured.

Tubing Pipesuspendedinawellbore,insidetheannulusofthecasing, usedtoproducefluidorgasfromthewell.Usedasthe productionspring.

Tubing Head (TubingSpool)EquipmentattachedabovetheCasingSpool and,usedtosuspendandsealtheproductionTubingstring. (Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture spools in FMC® (OCT)andCIW®styleinshortdelivery).

Tubing Head Adaptor ‘AdaptorFlange’AttachedabovetheTubingHead,usedto attachtheChristmasTreeontothetubinghead.(Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture Adaptor Flanges in short delivery).

UN NationalCoarsethreads,informandpitch,butoutsidethe UnifiedSystem(UNC),uptoe.g.1”x8TPIthreadsfallwithin theUNCSystem,1-1/8”x8TPIthreadsandalllargerbolts threaded8TPIfalloutsidetheUnifiedSystem,andare classifiedunder8UN.

UNC UnifiedNationalCoarse.Themostcommonstandardisedinch boltthreadforheavydutyfastenersusedforrapidassembly.


Valve Aunitofpressurecontrollingequipmentwithaborebetween EndConnectionscontainingaflowisolationorcontrol mechanismtostopandsealorcontrolflowthroughthebore. Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture a full range of API6A valves in short delivery. Australian Pipeline Valve manufacture hydraulic and pneumatic actuated slab and expanding API6A gate valves up to 10,000 psi in double acting and spring return (SSDV) in fail open and fail closed available with manual over- rides, hi-lo pilots etc in WKM® and CIW® style.

Velocity, Fluid Thespeed,thatfluidpassesthroughtheinsideofapipe,tube orvalve.

Volumetric Anon-destructivemethodofexaminingthevolumeofmaterialExamination forthepurposeofdetectinganyinternaldiscontinuitiesthatmay requireevaluationandAcceptanceaccordingtocertainCriteria.

Wear Bushing Aremovablesacrificialandprotectiveinsertusedinsidea CasingSpoolorHeadduringdrillingtopreventdamageto casingsuspensionandsealingsurfaces.

Weld Neck Anextendedprolongationonaflangeorfittingwitha‘buttweld’ bevelconnectiontomatchwithmatingpipewithasimilarbevel.

Welding Procedure A(WPS)documentoutliningnecessaryparametersand Specificationspecificationsforfieldweldsmeetingspecified requirements.RefertoProcedureQualificationRecord(PQR). ReferenceASMESEC.IXART.II

Wellhead ReferstothetotalsetofequipmentattachedabovetheCasing fromthe‘BradenHead’(‘SectionA’)totheChristmasTreeused tocontrolawell.Australian Pipeline Valve (APV) manufacture expanding and slab Christmas tree API6A gate valves up to 10,000 psi in WKM® style as well as CIW® F, FC & FL style. APV also manufacture mud gate valves with all parts interchangeable with popular Demco®‘DM’ style.

Wetted Anypartofavalveorpressurecontrolequipmentthathas contactwithwellfluid.

Wing Unions SeeHammerUnions.

WN ‘WeldNeck’thebevelledneckofaFlangepreparedforwelding topipe.(RefertoWNRFandUNRTJbelow)

WNRF (RFWN)whenappliedtoflanges,thismeans:WeldNeckRaised Face.

WNRTJ (RTJWN)whenappliedtoflanges,thismeans:WeldNeckRing TypeJoint.

Working Pressure SeeMaximumServicePressure.


Workover Asmall‘workoverrig’isusedtore-enteranexistingwellto performaremedialactionthatwillrestoreorimproveproduction ofoiland/orgas.

XH ExtraHeavy.SeeExtraStrong(XS).

XXH DoubleExtraHeavy-SeeDoubleExtraStrong(XXS).

XXXH TripleExtraHeavy.SeeTripleExtraStrong(XXXS).

XS ExtraStrong,adesignationofpipewallthickness.Thesameas schedule80upto200NB(8”),butschedule80isheavierover 200NB(8”).

XXS DoubleExtraStrong,adesignationofpipewallthickness.

XXXS TripleExtraStrong,adesignationofpipewallthickness.

Xylan FluoropolymerCoating,typicallyusedonstudbolts–offshore specification.

22 RC 22RC,99RB,237HBWand248HVrepresentthemost importantupperhardnesslimitfornon-austeniticsteelforH2S serviceapplicationsspecifiedinNACEMR-O175referencedin APISpec6A.

2H, 2HM ASTMspecificationforHexnuts,materialstandardA194,used withAPIflangestuds.‘2H’nutsareusedforstandardservice. Whenspecifications(NACE)requireB7Mstuds,use‘2HM’nuts.

3M 3,000psi(poundspersquareinch)MaximumServicePressure.

5M Indicatesamaximumservicepressureof5,000poundsper squareinch(psi).

6B API6BAtermrelatingtoAPISpec6AflangeswhichhaveRor RXringgrooves.APIoriginallyspecifiedtheseflangesinAPI STD6B,RorRXappearsintheprefixofthenumberedring gaskets,whichfit6Bflanges.

6BX (API6BXalsocalledBX).APISpec6Aflanges,whichhave‘BX’, ringgrooves.

60K APISpec6Aabbreviationfor60,000psi,minimumyieldstrength forMaterial,suchasflanges,casingpipe,spoolsetc.

10M 10,000psi(poundspersquareinch)MaximumService Pressure.

15M Indicatesamaximumservicepressureof15,000poundsper squareinch(psi).




35K 35,000 psi, minimum Yield Strength relates to carbon steel line pipe, not API6A material.

36K 36,000 psi, minimum Yield Strength for Material.

45K API Spec 6A abbreviation for 45,000 psi minimum yield strength material.Typicallyusedforweldingflangesandfittingsutilisedin conjunction with carbon steel line pipe.

75K Denotes:- API Spec 6A 75,000 psi, minimum yield strength for material.

4130 A low alloy steel containing molybdenum and chromium for strengthening. The carbon content is nominally 0.30% and with this low carbon content the alloy is excellent for weldability. The alloy can be hardened by heat treatment. Typically used for weld end components.

4140 Chromium, manganese, molybdenum low alloy steel providing toughness, good torsional strength good fatigue strength characteristics once heat treated. The carbon content of 0.40% makes this steel less suitable for welding than 4130. Typically usedforintegralspools,threadedandflangedcomponentsno requiring welding.

At Australian Pipeline Valve (APV) the same level of detail goes into everything we do. Please reward Australian Pipeline Valve and refer us to your Purchasing Manager, Plant Manager, Drilling Manager and Project Manager! Short lead time manufacture is our specialty.

Australian Pipeline Valve are major oilfield suppliers. We manufacture:- expanding and slab gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, check valves, needle valves, oilfield plug valves, chokes, tees, crosses, seal adaptor flanges, wellheads etc.

Major stockist and master distributors:- Global Supply Line Pty Ltd. Global Supply Line will provide a quotation or arrange for your Local Australian Pipeline Valve agent to contact you. You can also view catalogues and stocklists of Australian Pipeline Valves by going to the following webstite:-

http://globalsupplyline.com.au/product-range-oilfield-equipment.html

© Copyright protected Australian Pipeline Valve 2011. It is offence to reproduce or copy any material at this website. However, linking to any page at this site is permitted.

australianpipelinevalve.com.au

Cameron®, CIW and Demco® are Registered Trademarks of Cooper Cameron Corporation. FMC® is Registered Trademarks of FMC Technologies Incorporated. These brands are not associated or affiliated with Australian Pipeline Valve or it’s sub-contractors in any way, nor have these companies sponsored, approved, endorsed or otherwise reviewed any product made, sold or manufactured in the Australian Pipeline Valve name.

6A Wellhead Flanges Valves R3 - AS

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