glorious revolution of 1688. magna carta: key ideas the great charter expressed that the monarchs...
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Glorious Revolutionof 1688
Magna Carta: Key Ideas The Great Charter Expressed that the monarchs power was
limited not absolute. “Right to Petition” “Trial by Jury”
Renaissance: Rebirth Questioned beliefs of church Emphasized the potential of the individual Age of intellectuals and artists
Reformation Martin Luther 1520 Direct relationship with God Read Bible for yourself
Background to Glorious Revolution Henry VIII wanted to divorce Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy with
Henry as Head of the Church Elizabeth I ruled a moderate Protestant State.
Background Cont.
The English Civil War pitted supporters of Charles I against the forces of Parliament, under Oliver Cromwell.
Cavaliers v. Roundheads Or the Long hair v. the short hair
Cromwell’s army defeated the forces of the king.
Parliament put Charles on trial and condemned him to death as “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy.”
Background Cont.
After the execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the official Church of England.
It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
Sent a clear signal that, in England, no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.
Glorious Revolution
Parliamentary leaders invited William and Mary to become rulers of England instead of King James II.
When W and M landed in England, James II fled to France.
This bloodless overthrow of a king became known as the Glorious Revolution.
Glorious Rev. cont.Before they could be crowned, William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights, which: ensured superiority of Parliament over the monarchy.prohibited a monarch from interfering with Parliament.restated the rights of English citizens.
Revolution: The MAIN Idea.
The Glorious Revolution did not create democracy, but a type of government called limited monarchy, in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers.
THE THE AMERICAN AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
How the Colonies Learned Self-Government
• 150 yrs. Of self government
• Set up 13 legislatures– Developed taxes– Wrote laws
1754—1763 The French and Indian War (also known as the 7 Years’ War)
• British & French rivalry• The fight for land and
endless resources• War was costly for
Britain—thus the ? “How to pay for it?”
The Proclamation of 1763
• Prohibited colonists from moving West of the Appalachian Mtns
• Britain could control settlers and avoid conflict with Natives
• British sent 10,000 troops to keep an eye on “things”
1764—The Sugar Act
• Desperate for money—Britain decided to tax the colonists on molasses
• Low tax to stop smugglers• However, some colonists
believed their rights were being violated. No representation in Parliament
The Stamp Act of 1765
• Items (wills, newspapers, playing cards, etc.) needed to bear a stamp to show the tax was paid
• Refused to use the stamps and boycotted
• “If you let them do this, what will they do next?” Son’s of Liberty
1767—Townshend Acts
Applied only to imported goods.
However, basic items such as tea, glass, paper, and lead were taxed—and colonists had to pay the tax because they did not produce them
Boston Massacre—1770
• March 5, 1770• 9 “Lobsterbacks”
against Mob of 200 Patriots
• 7 shots• 5 colonists dead, 6
wounded• 2 soldiers convicted of
manslaughter and sent back to England
Customs House—October Break—2010
The Star marks the spot
October Break 2010!
1773—Tea Act
• Allowed British tea to be very cheap
• Made colonial merchant tea very expensive
• Was still a tax that the colonists did not vote for
1773—The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773• Response to British
taxes on tea• 65 Son’s of Liberty
—”disguised” as Native Americans
• 352 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
1774—Intolerable Acts
• 1) Closed down Boston Harbor
• 2) King appointed officials• 3) No town meetings
unless approved by governor
• 4) Quartering Act—allowing British soldiers a place to live
First Continental Congress:1774
• 56 men in Philadelphia at Carpenter’s Hall
• Represent American interests
• Called for the repeal of all 13 acts of Parliament passed since 1763
Lexington and Concord: 1775
• “The Shot Heard Around the World”
• About 70 minutemen• 8 minutemen dead• Concord: the
minutemen’s arsenal gone
• At North Bridge—minutemen laid in wait=73 Redcoats killed
June 17, 1775 Battle of
Bunker Hill* Fought on nearby
Breed’s Hill•“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”•3 Waves•Victory in Defeat!
From Oct 2010
Second Continental Congress—1775
Philadelphia at State House
John and Sam Adams
Patrick Henry
Ben Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington (elected as army’s commander in chief)
Created Continental Army
July 1775—The Olive Branch Petition
Sent to King George III
Desire for Peace and to protectthe colonists’ rights
KGIII REFUSED! “If they want aWar, I will give them a War.”
KGIII sent 30,000 Hessians
Thomas Paine and Common Sense
Condemned KGIII
Called for complete separation
Convinced thousands that it was“time to part.”
The Declaration of
Independence
The Point of No Return!
Authored by Thomas Jefferson
Helped by Franklin and Adams
Based on LockeApproved July 4, 1776
Compare and Contrast the Glorious Revolution with the American Revolution
Declaring Independence Activity
• The Declaration of Independence has been divided into four sections: (1) Preamble, (2) Declaration of Rights, (3) List of Grievances, (4) Statement of Independence
• With a group answer the questions for your section and then share.
*Sons of Liberty (American Rev)
&*Daughters of Liberty
(American Rev)
*Meet secretly in taverns and pubs
*Keep officials from collecting the Kings
taxes
*Intimidation, terror & violence
*Use of the printing press
Tar and Feather
• Effigy: Doll of a tax collector to be hanged and/or burned in hatred to incite fear
Committees of Correspondence
1772—revived by Sam Adams
Used to organize protests,and to circulate writingsabout complaints against Britain
Boycott and Protest
Thomas Jefferson
Author of the Declaration
Drew from Magna Carta and EnglishBill of Rights and John Locke
Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness
Originally had no slavery, but withdrewit so that the Declaration would pass
George Washington
General of the Continental
Army
Samuel Adams
• The Man of the People
The Grave of Sam Adams—RIP
John Hancock
Richest man in New England
President and signer of theDeclaration
Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes: The Midnight Riders
One by land, Two by sea
Ben Franklin
Created the Join or Die drawing
Oldest delegate
King George III
• Saw the Colonists as young and naive. Children who could be crushed by his great army and navy.
Lord Cornwallis
John Adams
• 29 years old, from Massachusetts
• Brilliant and ambitious lawyer
• Uses logic as opposed to violence
• Abigail—his wife—equally brilliant
Abigail Adams
Patrick Henry
• No taxation without representation
• “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”