Globally Important Agricultural

Heritage System

• Proposed view for globally important

Agricultural Heritage System in Pakistan

• Presented by

• Dr Muhammad Naveed Tahir

• Lecturer

• PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi,

Pakistan

Mehargarh, Ancient place for

Agriculture

• Mehargaŕh is one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BC to c. 2500 BC) sites in archaeology, lies on what is now the "Kachi plain" of today's Balochistan.

• Mehargarh is in present day Pakistan. The site is in the Balochistan province. It is about 125 miles from the Indus Valley.

• It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia.

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The site was first occupied around 7,000 or 8,000 B.C. It started out as a small village.

• The initial settlement practiced farming and raised crops.

• As the community grew, farming continued, but the economy expanded and large scale trading began.

• Archeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization

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• The agricultural economy was based on the

cultivation of barley, jujubes, einkorn and

emmer wheat, date and the meat diet

• The most oldest evidence of cotton were found

• Cotton was woven and dyed for clothing;

wheat, rice, and a variety of vegetables and

fruits were cultivated

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Irrigation was developed in the Indus Valley

Civilization by around 4500 BCE.

• The size and prosperity of the Indus civilization

grew as a result of this innovation, which

eventually led to more planned settlements

making use of drainage and sewers.

• Sophisticated irrigation and water storage

systems were developed by the Indus Valley

Civilization, including artificial reservoirs at

Girnar dated to 3000 BCE.

Harappa

• Harappa in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River.

• The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied over 100 hectares (250 acres) at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600–1900 BC), which is considered large for its time

Kalash Valley

• Kalash is Located in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, the

Kalash people live in three isolated mountain

valleys: Bumburet (Kalash: Mumuret), Rumbur

(Rukmu), and Birir (Biriu). These valleys are

opening towards the Kunar River, some 20 km

south (downstream) of Chitral

• The region is extremely fertile, covering the

mountainside in rich oak forests and allowing for

intensive agriculture, despite the fact that most of

the work is done not by machinery, but by hand

Kalash Valley

• Kalash people of Pakistan have among the

highest rate of the newly-evolved ASPM

haplogroup D, at 60% occurrence of the

approximately 6,000-year-old allele.

• The powerful and dangerous rivers that flow

through the valleys have been harnessed to

power grinding mills and to water the farm fields

through the use of ingenious irrigation channels.

Festivals of Kalash (Symbolic

Agriculture) • Wheat, maize, grapes (generally used for wine),

apples, apricots and walnuts are among the many

foodstuffs grown in the area, along with surplus fodder

used for feeding the livestock.

• The three main festivals (khawsáṅgaw) of the Kalash

are the Joshi festival in late May, the Uchau in autumn,

and the Caumus in mid-winter.

• The pastoral god Sorizan protects the herds in Fall

and Winter and is thanked at the winter festival,

• while Goshidai does so until the Pul festival (pũ. from

*pūrṇa, full moon in Sept.) and is thanked at the Joshi

(joṣi, žōši) festival in spring.

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• Joshi is celebrated at the end of May each

year.

• The most important Kalash festival is the

Chawmos which is celebrated for two

weeks at winter solstice (Dec. 7-22),

• It marks the end of the year's fieldwork

and harvest.

Festival

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Karaz Irrigation System

• It is underground water channels system

in northern area of Pakistan

• It still well maintain by local peoples

• Big source for drinking and irrigation crops

Karaz Irrigation System

Thank you