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Globalization Globalization Theme: Impact of Theme: Impact of globalization and globalization and related responses related responses (2) (2) 5 Cultural dimension 5 Cultural dimension of of globalization globalization

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Page 1: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

GlobalizationGlobalizationTheme: Impact of Theme: Impact of globalization and related globalization and related responses (2)responses (2)

5 Cultural dimension of 5 Cultural dimension of globalizationglobalization

Page 2: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Theme Theme MindMind Map MapDifferent Different perceptions of perceptions of globalizationglobalization

Different Different discourses on discourses on globalizationglobalization

Economic Economic dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Cultural Cultural dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Different Different reactions to reactions to globalizationglobalization

The mainland and The mainland and Hong Kong under Hong Kong under globalizationglobalization

Impact of Impact of economic economic globalizationglobalization

3

12

57

11

48

10

Political Political dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Impact of Impact of political political globalizationglobalization

Factors which Factors which influence the influence the spread and spread and evenness of the evenness of the impact of impact of globalizationglobalization

9Impact of Impact of

globalization and globalization and related responsesrelated responses

6Impact of cultural Impact of cultural globalizationglobalization

Page 3: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

5 Cultural dimension of globalization

To understand the relationship between culture and globalization

To explore the arguments of different To explore the arguments of different scholars on whether global culture existsscholars on whether global culture exists

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?

To explore how transnational corporations To explore how transnational corporations promote English all over the worldpromote English all over the world

To explore the roles played by transnational To explore the roles played by transnational corporations in cultural globalizationcorporations in cultural globalization

To understand the definition and To understand the definition and function of cultural products and function of cultural products and cultural industriescultural industries

To understand the definition of cultural To understand the definition of cultural globalization and the related perspectivesglobalization and the related perspectives

To reflect in what ways daily life To reflect in what ways daily life manifests cultural globalizationmanifests cultural globalization

To respect and appreciate different To respect and appreciate different culturescultures

To reflect in what ways transnational To reflect in what ways transnational corporations promote the formation of corporations promote the formation of mass culturemass culture

To pay attention to cultural To pay attention to cultural development all over the worlddevelopment all over the world

Page 4: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Exploration

JourneyJourney

Does global culture exist?

1

Page 5: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

In what ways does the culture in a region change

under globalization?

Page 6: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

The definition of culture

What is the relationship between culture and globalization?What is the relationship between culture and globalization?

• The overall experience of humans which includes the beliefs, values, and lifestyles of people in their everyday life.

• It is also the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

• It is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour.

Page 7: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

The relationship between culture and globalization• Under globalization, barriers of

time and space in interpersonal communication are broken through technology. The world has become a ‘global village’.

• It leads to a greater global understanding, and different cultures emerge as a brand new culture unconstrained by time and space.  

What is the relationship between culture and globalization?What is the relationship between culture and globalization?

Culture

Culture

Culture

Culture

Page 8: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Is Christmas a brand new culture unconstrained by time Is Christmas a brand new culture unconstrained by time and space? and space?

A1 International Daily News 25 December 2009

Santa Claus receives hundreds of thousands of letters

   As Christmas is coming, children in all parts of the world start writing letters to Santa Claus. The post office in Rovaniemi, Finland where Santa Claus lives receives a flood of letters to Santa every year. The statistics show that over 600 to 700 thousand letters from 150 countries are sent to the post office annually. More than half of the letters come from Scotland, Poland and Japan. The staff in the post office should know many languages.

Source: Adapted from various newspapers dated 19 August 2009.

Page 9: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Apart from Western Apart from Western culture, what kinds of culture, what kinds of Chinese culture Chinese culture spread across the spread across the world?world?

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Page 10: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

The definition of cultural globalization• Cultural globalization refers to the intensification and

expansion of cultural interaction around the world.

• The spread of tangible or intangible cultural products, beliefs and values, etc., from a certain place to other regions in the world influences local cultures.

What is the meaning of cultural globalization?What is the meaning of cultural globalization?

Page 11: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

   Japan is the precursor of Asian pop cultures. Japanese culture spread over most of the regions in Asia, and Taiwan is one area greatly influenced by the culture. Taiwan was once ruled by Japan so that it has inherited lots of Japanese culture. Besides, Japan was influenced by Chinese culture, implying that the two cultures share similar characteristics. That is why the Taiwanese easily adapted to Japanese culture. In the 1970s, Japan took a leading role in the global economy, while the Taiwanese started to pursue Japanese culture and buy Japan-made products ranging from stationary to electrical appliances. The quality of Japanese products was guaranteed. Later on, Japanese comics, pop music and singers became the Taiwanese teenagers’ favourite fashion and popular icons.

Source: Adapted from various newspapers.

Has Japanese culture influenced the life of the Taiwanese young generation?

Page 12: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Related perspectives of cultural globalization

• Many globalists think that cultural globalization leads to greater global understanding and rich cultural integration, and it may even reduce the likelihood of conflict, prompting the formation of a new global culture.

• Cultural globalization brings more variety of choices to humans in the ideological aspect, so that people can no longer be obsessed with certain ideas, and the cultural conflicts will  be much less likely.

What is the meaning of cultural globalization?What is the meaning of cultural globalization?

Page 13: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Do different scholars hold different views on whether Do different scholars hold different views on whether ‘global culture’ exists?‘global culture’ exists?

Perspective 1: Global culture is a ‘third culture’

Global culture is a culture which goes beyond any specific nation, state and national boundary, and is a culture over all national and local cultures.

JustificationJustification

Page 14: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Do different scholars hold different views on whether Do different scholars hold different views on whether ‘global culture’ exists?‘global culture’ exists?

Perspective 2: Global culture is an ‘artificial culture’

Global culture is different from national cultures, global culture lacks important elements like a common historical experience and shared memories, and is therefore not really a culture at all.

JustificationJustification

Page 15: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Do different scholars hold different views on whether Do different scholars hold different views on whether ‘global culture’ exists?‘global culture’ exists?

Perspective 3: Global culture is not any particular model of culture

Global culture is an interactive process that ties different cultures together and it is multi-dimensional. It provides people with fruitful communication, understanding, and mutual rediscovery of their own national and local values.

JustificationJustification

Page 16: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?Exploration Journey 1: Does global culture exist?

Referring to the above views, which Referring to the above views, which one is more reasonable? Why?one is more reasonable? Why?

Page 17: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Exploration

JourneyJourney

How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?

2

Page 18: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

The definition of cultural industries

Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural globalization?globalization?

• Cultural industries are generally regarded as ‘the industries which undergo cultural production and provide cultural services’.  

• The products of cultural industries which spread to other places are made under the same standard, so that consumers from different places receive the same kinds of products.

Page 19: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

The definition of cultural industries

Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural globalization?globalization?

• These kinds of products generally contain Western cultural elements, and they spread worldwide as the products are sold all over the world. Therefore, the Western cultures become the mainstream in societies and all cultures become increasingly homogeneous.

During the World Cup in

2010, McDonald’s

in Hong Kong and Malaysia sold FIFA

Cup.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 20: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

The definition of cultural industries

Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural globalization?globalization?

• Cultural industries lower people’s demand for and appreciation of authentic artwork, and result in a uniformity of opinion, taste, and behaviour.

• Cultural industries are mainly controlled by a small number of highly influential transnational corporations.

The cultural products sold and consumer culture promoted by them create the illusion of ‘false needs’. People are easily prompted to excessively demand for and consume various kinds of goods and services.  

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 21: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

Cultural products and cultural globalization

Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural Do cultural industries and cultural products manifest cultural globalization?globalization?

• According to UNESCO, cultural products can be defined as ‘those consumer goods that convey ideas, and ways of life. They provide information or entertainment which influence people’s cultural practices.  

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

• The convergence and standardization of cultural products around the world show the tendency towards experiences of cultural globalization in modern societies.

Page 22: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

In your opinion, what can be regarded as

cultural products in daily life?

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 23: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

Transnational corporations and mass culture

Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural globalization?globalization?

• Through promotion and marketing strategies, transnational corporations promote the cultures and values behind their products all over the world, facilitating the development of cultural globalization.

• The primary objective of transnational corporations is to make profits. The mass culture they promote are also commercial in nature.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 24: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

Transnational corporations and mass culture

Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural globalization?globalization?

• Mass culture can be understood as a commercial culture which is mass-produced for a mass market.

• Its characteristics:

ever-changing

focusing on entertainment

having commercial implications

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 25: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

Transnational corporations and mass culture

Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural globalization?globalization?

• Many aspects of cultural life in rich countries are closely linked to the buying and selling of goods.

• Cultural products can be bought and sold around the world through trade, so they have influenced other region’s cultures.  

• In poorer countries and regions, cultural activities are often part of the daily life and traditions of a community, and cannot be spread from one region to another easily or through buying or selling.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 26: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

The rise of transnational media corporations

Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural Are transnational corporations a key factor promoting cultural globalization?globalization?

• We can see the accelerating concentration and integration of the ownership and control of global media systems in the hands of a few main transnational corporations, who have influence on economic and political aspects and people’s basic modes of thought.  

• The emergence of a global commercial media market implies the formation of a global oligopoly.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 27: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

AT &TAT &TSonySony

AOL/Time WarnerAOL/Time WarnerBertelsmannBertelsmann

Liberty MediaLiberty MediaVivendi UniversalVivendi Universal

ViacomViacomGeneral ElectricGeneral Electric

DisneyDisneyNews CorporationNews Corporation

The ‘Big Ten’ transnational media corporations that dominate the global media market

The ‘Big Ten’ transnational media corporations that dominate the global media market

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 28: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

English is an important tool for cultural globalization

What is the relationship between language and cultural What is the relationship between language and cultural globalization?globalization?

• One of the methods of measuring and assessing the cultural changes brought by globalization is to study the use of various languages in the world over the years.

How’re you?お元気ですか?

你好嗎?

حالك؟ كيف

Как поживаете?Como esta usted ?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 29: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

English is an important tool for cultural globalization

What is the relationship between language and cultural What is the relationship between language and cultural globalization?globalization?

• The globalization of languages can be viewed as a process by which some languages are increasingly used in international communication while others lose their importance, or are even eliminated.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 30: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization

專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?專題探索專題探索 22 :文化產物如何體現文化全球化?:文化產物如何體現文化全球化?

English is an important tool for cultural globalization

What is the relationship between language and cultural What is the relationship between language and cultural globalization?globalization?

• The power of the British and the US economies has made English a dominant international language in nearly all areas of life.

• Proficiency in the English language, which is the main language of the transnational media and the Internet, is critical if one is to carry out global cultural interaction effectively.

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization Exploration Journey 2: How is cultural globalization manifested in cultural products?manifested in cultural products?

Page 31: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 5 Cultural dimension of globalization globalization