globalization in cinema

GLOBALIZATION IN CINEMAPresentation by: Ammar Ali, Khurram Rana, Uliya Suleman, Ali Raza, Syed Nauman

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CINEMA

Ammar Ali

Historical analysis and significance

In 1877, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie Gardner" in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras.

The second experimental film, Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888 in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, UK is now known as the earliest surviving motion picture.


Thomas Edison invented the first moving camera called Kinetograph and the motion picture exhibiting device called Kinetoscope in 1893.

Robert W. Paul invented the first film projector in 1895.


Auguste and Louise Lumiere,known as the LumiereBrothers developed theCinematograph, which was aportable three in one device, the printer, projector and printer in 1895.

The first film to bescreened publicallywas “The arrival ofthe train” byLumiere Brothersat Grand Café inParis.


The first film which had a continuity was “Come, Along, Do!” By Robert W. Paul in 1898 which had only two scenes.

The world’s first color film was “The serpentinedance” by Lumiere brothers. It was hand-painted frame by frame.


There were over a thousand films produced until 1900. Most of them were actualities. An actuality film is the one in which the footage of real things, events and places is used by a number of producers in the USA and Europe.

By 1905, Charles Pathe owned the largest film production company of the world known as Pathe.

The first successful permanent theatre showing films was “The Nickelodeon”, which was opened in Pittsburgh in 1905.


THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY is considered to be a milestone in the history of filmmaking as it used different techniques like cross cutting, double exposure composite editing, camera movement and on location shooting.


“The Jazz singer” was the first talking movie released in 1927.

The first feature filmed in 3-strip Technicolor, Becky Sharp was released on 28 June 1935.

The reasons for the dominance of Hollywood over other film industries of

world

All the major inventions for filming were invented in the United States including:

The Eadweard Muybridge’s capture of the

motion through camera.

The kinetoscope and the Kinetograph.

The first talkie movie was from Hollywood.

The first Technicolor film was made in Hollywood.


world

First ever Film exhibition was held in New York City.

First ever cinema was made in the United States.

The first ever feature film was made in the Hollywood.

Visual grammar for filming largely owns to D.W. Griffith, a Hollywood film director.

Top 10 films on all the charts of greatest films of all times are Hollywood.


world

All the revolutions in European cinema were inspired by Hollywood including French new wave which was mainly inspired by the film making styles of Alfred Hitchcock.

On Imdb.com, under the list All-time Worldwide Box office, there is only one movie at 329th number out of 402 which is non-Hollywood.

The highest grossing actors, directors, producers, screenwriters and cinematographers are from Hollywood.

When compared with Bollywood, an average Hollywood film earns 33 times more than an Indian film.

A Hollywood movie, earns 4 times more outside the United States than it earn inside the US.

EFFECTS OF HOLLYWOOD ON BOLLYWOOD

Khurram Rana

Hollywood and some facts

Hollywood is a district of the city of Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., situated northwest of Downtown. Due to its fame and identity as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym for the American film and television industry Today much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as Burbank and the Westside, but significant ancillary industries (such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies) remain in Hollywood.

Hollywood 1st made folk movies which were mainly based on “Cow Boy” culture.

Before Hollywood there were already Russian and French cinema which were producing much better movies than any other film industry


Then as the Hollywood industry flourished they started to capture other markets as to increase their audience.

Hollywood started making movies on different issue targeting other cultures and civilizations.

Examples: 300, Slum dog Millionaire and other Bruice lee and Jecky Chan movies.


Another thing which normally the film industries do is to produce movies on the sensitive issues to capture the audience as to make films on Gays, Lesbians, Rape, and other sensitive issues. Actually these issues are attention gainers so people get attracted towards such issues.

Hollywood always wanted to produce films on the subjects of subcontinent… but they are not successful as they do not have the land. Just like in subcontinent specially in India and Pakistan. So they go for co-productions to produce such content.

Examples: Slumdog Millionaire, Bride and

Prejudice, Bend it like Beckham and Jinnah

Bollywood Hollywood, where musicals were popular from the 1920s to

the 1950s, though Indian filmmakers departed from their Hollywood counterparts in several ways. "For example, the Hollywood musicals had as their plot the world of entertainment itself. Indian filmmakers, while enhancing the elements of fantasy so pervasive in Indian popular films, used song and music as a natural mode of articulation in a given situation in their films.

There is a strong Indian tradition of narrating mythology, history, fairy stories and so on through song and dance." In addition, "whereas Hollywood filmmakers strove to conceal the constructed nature of their work so that the realistic narrative was wholly dominant, Indian filmmakers made no attempt to conceal the fact that what was shown on the screen was a creation, an illusion, a fiction. However, they demonstrated how this creation intersected with people's day to day lives in complex and interesting ways."

Bollywood Bollywood changed their style of producing films after 1995

and started producing Hollywood Influenced Movies.

India has the biggest Cinema network in the world.

According to a research 25 crore of the total Indian population save 10% on their monthly income to watch movies every week.

Indian film Industry is the growing rather well grown film industry in the world. So they also wanted to make other markets. We can say this that they are also following the footsteps of Hollywood by creating market in other regions as well.

For this India captured the European Cinema and for this

they have to produce 33 films per annum.

Bollywood Bollywood also want to compete in the international market. Indian film Industry knows that what way they can easily

incorporate in the international world so they make art movies and release them internationally. Example: Khamosh Pani, Ahista, Page 3, Khoslay ka Ghosla

As Hollywood can not produce location based movies regarding

subcontinent so Bollywood knows if they produce such movies and release/distribute them internationally. Example: Jodha Akbar, Mughal-e-Azam, Waris Shah

And there has been a drastic change in the storyline, content, story board, cinematography and the special effects. And they are all copied from the Hollywood.

Some bollywood movies are ditto copies of Hollywood and some have the amalgamation of 2 or 3 Hollywood movies.

Plagiarism Constrained by rushed production

schedules and small budgets, some Bollywood writers and musicians have been known to resort to plagiarism. Ideas, plot lines, tunes or riffs have been copied from other Indian film industries or foreign films (including Hollywood and other Asian films). This has led to criticism towards the film industry.

Here I am giving u a long list of those movies of bollywood which are copy of Hollywood movies.

ComparisonBollywood1. Fight Club2. Akele Hum Akele Tum 3. Paap 4. Zeher5. Main Aisa Hi Hoon 6. Heyy Babyy 7. Koi Mil Gaya 8. Agneepath9. Road10. Dhamaal

Hollywood1. Fight Club2. Kramer vs Kramer3. Witness4. Out of Time5. I Am Sam6. Three Men and a Baby7. E.T.8. Scarface9. The Hitcher10. Rat Race

ComparisonBollywood11. Black12. Bade Miyan Chote Miyan 13. Salaam Namaste 14. Kyon Ki… 15. Kucch To Hai 16. Awara Paagal Deewana 17. Deewangee18. Kartoos19. Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai 20. Yaarana

Hollywood11. The Miracle Worker12. Bad Boys13. Nine Months (1995) 14. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s

Nest (1975) 15. I Know What you did Last

Summer (1997)16. The Whole Nine Yards (2000)17. Primal Fear (1996)18. Point of No Return (1993) 19. American Pie (1999)20. Sleeping with the Enemy

(1991)

ComparisonBollywood21. Murder 22. Krrish 23. Dil lage 24. Mein Anari tu khilade 25. Partner 26. The Train 27. Speed28. Malamaal Weekly 29. Ek Ajnabee 30. The Killer

Hollywood21. Unfaithful (2002) 22. Paycheck23. Sabrina24. The hard way 25. Hitch26. Derailed27. Cellular28. Waking Ned Divine29. Man on Fire30. Collateral

ComparisonBollywood31. Raaz 32. Kaante 33. Sarkar 34. Chocolate 35. Alag 36. Deewane Huye Paagal 37. Chor Machaye Shor 38. Hum Tum 39. Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai 40. Aap Ki Khatir

Hollywood31. What Lies Beneath32. Reservoir Dogs33. The Godfather34. The Usual Suspects35. Powder36. There’s Something About

Mary37. Blue Streak38. When Harry Met Sally

/Before Sunset39. My Best Friend’s Wedding40. The Wedding Date

ComparisonBollywood

41. Kyonki…Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta

42. Papi Gudia 43. Ghajini44. Zinda

Hollywood

41. Liar Liar42. Child’s Play43. Memento44. Old Boy Korean

Movie, not Hollywood)

ADVERTISEMENT SPONSORSHIP AND ITS PLACEMENT

Uliya Suleman

Advertisement Sponsorship

Sponsorship and advertising branding inside the movies takes the brand image engraved to consumers mind and this how slowly it becomes the part of every sight At the gas pumps, at ATMS when u waiting for your sum comes coming out n u see sum add somewhere placed, in the movie theatre, in a washroom stall, during sporting events—advertising is impossible to avoid. This creates brands and promotion for them too. This is how it gets localized.

Product Placement The future of product placement as a

successful advertising tool was assured when the 1982 film ETfeatured Reese's Pieces in a pivotal scene—causing sales of the candy to jump 65 per cent. Since that time, product placement in movies, on TV, and increasingly in video games, has become a commonplace marketing technique.

With the advent of technologies such as TiVo, which allow consumers to edit out TV commercials, product placement is taking on an even greater importance.

Some of the movies talking about the products and

corporate sector

Mi3 The last scenes

when the last chase and fight is concluding, Tom Cruise is talking over the phone where he is using Motorola and the close up of M is quite visible.

Wendy’s add The basic theme and the poster

advertise the brand Wendy’s noticeably.


corporate sector

Domino’s pizza commercial noid!

Brand image advertised in the movie evidently.

Iron man 2. Burger King cheese

burger.


corporate sector Just Wright

Spalding Manufacturer of balls for golf, basketballs, softballs, volleyballs, and footballs. USA.

In the movie "Evolution" (2001) Head and shoulders was used as a weapon to destroy the alien menace.

The main characters load a fire truck with as much Head & Shoulders as they can find and attempt to destroy the aliens before the military.

Many people are becoming annoyed as they start to feel that they are just sitting through a long commercial.

Like done in this particular movie and people reviewed the same.


corporate sectorThe Outlast n Pink bunny The movie outlast show toy bunny that keeps

"going and going and going” even after a nuclear holocaust turns the population into roving.

In North America and Australia the term "Energizer Bunny" has entered the vernacular as a term for anything that continues indefatigably. in Europe the term "Duracell Bunny" has a similar connotation. Several U.S. presidential candidates have compared themselves to the bunny, including President George H. W. Bush in 1992 and Howard Dean in 2004.

Other movies such as Hardwired- Pepsi Golmaal- Puma Risky Business - Ray-Ban sunglasses Back to the Future - Pepsi products You've Got Mail - America On-Line (AOL), Apple, IBM and

Starbucks Austin Powers - Pepsi and Starbucks Cast Away - FedEx and Wilson Men in Black II - Ray-Ban sunglasses, Mercedes Benz,

Sprint, Burger King National Treasure: Book of Secrets - GMC trucks Harold and Kumar escape from Guantanamo bay- Nokia

smart phone The World is not enough - BMW Z8 Golmaal returns - Puma My name is khan and – Acer

Lara Croft: Tomb Raider and Jeep Wrangler Rubicon

According to a 2003 Chrysler press release, "The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon is the most capable Jeep ever built, so the heroic and extreme environment in which Lara Croft uses her custom Wrangler Rubicon in Tomb Raider is accurate... This is more than just a product placement. We have created a 360-degree integrated marketing campaign around the movie and the debut of the Wrangler Rubicon Tomb Raider model."

Will Smith and the Audi RSQ

In 2004,Product placement reached a new level with Audi's involvement with the movie "I, ROBOT.”

My name is khan and Reebok

Brand Reebok is unveiling their MY NAME IS KHAN Collection, Targeted at the youth, Reebok's MNIK collection is a fusion of sports and lifestyle and is targeted at a growing, globally sports & fashion conscious Indian market that is ready to experiment with style and concepts.

Localizing the international brand by the help of actors and

movies

With the advent of technologies such as TiVo, which allow consumers to edit out TV commercials, product placement is taking on an even greater importance. TV producers are looking for new ways to integrate advertising and content. Basing an entire show around a product is one technique; and giving viewers the capability of immediately purchasing products featured on the program is another.


movies

The movie "Josie and the Pussycats" takes the joke several steps further in a satire on the music industry, "Josie and the Pussycats" manages to satirize name-brand integration throughout the film.

To get an idea of just how saturated with brands, logos and products this movie is also telling and how the corporate sector does takes the minds of international youth.

4.06-4.25

7.10-7.42


movies

In this they show how by placing ads in anywhere and everywhere can make people buy and copy the brand image as their identity which can bring about similarities in people living any part of the world would prefer energizer bunny batteries or would have Reebok shoes.

THEORIES DESCRIBING THE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION THROUGH CINEMA

Ali Raza

Hegemony of Hollywood movies

As described by David Puttnam in hisbook The Undeclared War, hegemony of Hollywood movies is a wing of the cultural and economic domination that the superpower has enjoyed for a significant portion of the last century. This more subtle form of imperialism-through-entertainment creates a potentially nightmarish situation, where it would be, in the words of Puttnam, 'quite possible for Europeans brought up on cinema and visiting America for the first time, to feel that they were arriving home’.

The phrase 'hegemony through cinema' is only one aspect of cultural hegemony.

What is Hegemony? "Domination, influence, or authority over another, especially

by one political group over a society or by one nation over others (e.g.: internationally among nation-states, and regionally over social classes, between languages or even culture)".

In international communication, hegemony refers to dominance exercised by one nation or bloc of nations on others in order to gain an advantage.

In other words, the phrase American hegemony simply is the idea that American culture as represented in American movies and TV shows is overwhelming the traditional cultures of other countries. According to the advocates of cultural hegemony, the fear is that this will eventually result in a homogenized world in which everyone abandons their own customary values for a more contemporary American value system.

What is Cultural imperialism?

Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting, distinguishing, separating, or artificially injecting the culture of one society into another. It is usually the case that the former belongs to a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter belongs to a smaller, less important one.

Another similar definition could be: “an attempt to impose or favor one culture over others through a subtle form of domination over prevailing cultural practices, often through use of media images and manipulation".

Why Americans are blamed to be hegemonic?

When considering cinema, the United States has the ability and the will to be a hegemon because:

1. In terms of ability, Hollywood has long been a standard for the global

movie industry. The United States has the most solid and comprehensive global film network. It has the most abundant resources needed for production such as prominent producers, directors, actors, staff and studios. Another advantage of Hollywood is that it nearly monopolizes global film distribution with a market share of over 50 percent.

2. In terms of will, the United States has had great interest in exporting films to overseas market ever since the early 20th century. This is more visible with the kind of regulations or support handed to Hollywood by U.S government.

In 1942, the Office of War Information was established in the State

Department and export of American movies was managed and regulated through this office.

This idea was later adopted by the Film Liason Unit of the Pentagon.

James Bond movies, a case study

All 007 movies are funded by U.S and thus reflects the American perspective. Between the lines in the scripts, film-goersare urged to link the United States with positive, legitimate American values.

James Bond: Hegemonic Message in

themes and characters.

American influence in 007 movies can be classified into three different categories: themes, collaborators and villains.

First of all, in pretty much all bond movies the core values of the United States are attacked or threatened. Themes dealing with advanced technologies and weapons of the United States can be frequently found on the screen.

As shown in the table below, high-tech military devices of the United States are always the target of a villain's plan. Institutions and infrastructure central to the U.S government are damaged or attacked by 'bad' people or countries. Film No#

Title Theme

1 Dr. No Obstructing U.S missile orbit

3 Goldfinger Blowing up U.S Federal Reserve Bank

5 You Only Live Twice

Hijacking U.S rocket

7 Diamonds are forever

Ruling over space development corporation of U.S

8 Live and Let Die Monopolizing North American drug market

10 The spy who Loved me

Hijacking U.S nuclear submarine, launching U.S. nuclear warhead aimed at New York

11 Moonraker Hijacking 'moonraker' made by U.S government

13 Octopussy Destroying U.S air force base in Germany

14 A view to a Kill Causing flood in Silicon Valley

18 Tomorrow Never Dies

Promoting tension between UK and China using U.S decoder

Second, in most contexts, American agents such as CIA operatives, soldiers and National security agency officials appear as Bond collaborators. Their role is very important in completing mission.

The table below shows how American characters have been used in 007 movies to give the whole series a more Americanized look.

Film No# Title American Collaborator

1 Dr. No CIA Agent Felix Leiter

2 From Russia with Love CIA Agent Felix Leiter

3 Goldfinger CIA Agent Felix Leiter

4 Thunderball CIA Agent Felix Leiter

7 Diamonds are forever CIA Agent Felix Leiter

8 Live and Let Die CIA Agent Felix Leiter, Harold Strutter

11 Moonraker CIA Agent Dr. Holly Goodhead (Bond girl)

14 A view to a Kill CIA Agent Chuck Lee, Stacey Sutton (Geologist)

15 The Living Daylights CIA Agent Felix Leiter

16 License to Kill CIA Agent Palm

17 Golden Eye CIA Agent J ack

20 Die Another Day NSA Agent J inx

21 Casino Royale CIA Agent Felix Leiter

In the 007 movie series, the United States as the ultimate 'good' is represented in an unspoken yet efficient manner.

To threaten the values of United States is synonymous with threatening world peace. Therefore, James Bond does his very best to secure American values.

Movies and Muslim stereotyping

Muslims portryed as rich Arab sheikhs, terrorists, belly dancers and mysterious women swathed in burqas .

Hollywood has had a consistent record of muslim stereotyping.

Examples include Iron Eagle (1986),

Death Before Dishonor (1987), Navy SEALs (1990), The Delta Force (1991), Patriot Games (1992), Executive Decision (1996).

But, is this cultural hegemony one directional?

The Global cultural flow has been widely recognized to be asymmetrical in favour of the West. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the possibility of reversed cultural flow.

But what about popularity of

Hong Kong Kung Fu movies in the United States, the global success of Japanese games andcartoons, and the popularity of Asian food in some Western countries.

Example of cross cultural hegemony

Using "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" as a case study, we can easily prove that more recently the cultural flow has been two dimensional. The story of the movie centers around the legendary wuxia (swordsmanship) and jianghu (swordmen's world) -- two Chinese concepts that are rather difficult to understand for foreigners.To many people's surprise. it turned out to be more than a blockbuster, a record setter in 2001.

Many theorists such as Giddens (1994), Barker (1997) argue that globalization is no longer a one-way flow that spreads a homogeneous global culture based on Western ideology. It is more a multi-directional and multi-dimensional set of processes.

MUSLIM CINEMA AND DEBATE

Syed Nauman

The Muslim World and Cinema

One fifth of the world population and in turn its politics, economics and culture.

Plays a very important role on the world stage.

Headline news is the most popular venue promoting what is known about Muslims.

Some countries like the U.S., Japan, France and India have a strong arts culture, and an affinity or presence to the medium of film.

The Muslim world does not easily fit in this category


Besides providing entertainment, film can present a window to the economic, cultural or moral challenges of society.

Volumes of books on world cinema, regional cinema (e.g. Arab Cinema), and national cinema of Muslim-majority countries that have a cinema and history like Egyptian or Turkish cinema. However, “Muslim Cinema” is not a known entity.

The Muslim world, although perceived as one entity, is made up of different regions, countries, states and communities.

Each region comes with its own differentiating culture.


Large minority of Muslims in countries including the U.S., U.K. France, Germany, Russia, China, and India.

Although “Muslim countries” have Muslim majority populations, they also represent people of other faiths.

With so many Muslims spanning the globe, there are hundreds of cultures, languages and dialects.

What is Islamic or Muslim Cinema?

As these terms are not defined, the following are working definitions.

“Islamic Cinema is film that conforms to Islamic laws, customs and values.”

“Muslim Cinema is a film movement by or about Muslims.”

What is Islamic or Muslim Cinema?

Muslim Cinema can be loosely broken down into two categories.

The first is indigenous cinema of Muslim-majority countries like Iran, Egypt, and Turkey.

The second is cinema of Muslim-minority countries like the U.S., France, and India.

Indigenous Cinema of Muslim-majority countries

48 Muslim majorities in the world.

Due to religious, social and economic challenges, only a few have a history or presence in making films.

Most influential of these countries have been Iran, Egypt, and Turkey.


The following table lists countries with the most active cinema in terms of film production.


Kazakhstan - Amongst many films which depict their culture and history was the Oscar nominated film “Mongol” for best foreign language film in 2008.

Not all people have a national identity which is reflected in a national culture and cinema.

Kurdish people who do not have a nation.

Split amongst Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria and several other countries.

Some films from the region are starting to address Kurdish people and their issues.

Some festivals popularizing Muslim films

The Cairo International Film festival.

Fajr International Film Festival in Iran.

The International Festival of Muslim Cinema also called “Golden Minbar” held in Kazan, Tatarstan.

The Dubai film festival.

Kara film festival held in Karachi.

Morocco and Kazakhstan have their own festivals.

Elements of Muslim Cinema

Imagery and Censorship in Islam.

Women and gender.Women’s issues including the role of women in society, women’s rights, widowhood, polygamy, male female interaction.

World and Muslim Politics

Cinema of Muslim-minority countries

Hollywood and its representation of Muslims.

The Sheik and A Son of the Sahara (1920s)Negative depiction, of Arab people who were dangerous and not to be trusted.

Fast forward to the seventies, eighties and the oil crisis where for a short time Muslims were portrayed as greedy billionaires.

Hollywood and its representation of Muslims

In the eighties and nineties films like Not without my daughter whose subject of Muslim Drama, Kidnapping, True Story and Betrayal, were the key ways Muslims were identified.

Tagline of the film “In 1984, Betty Mahmoody's husband took his wife and daughter to meet his family in Iran. He swore they would be safe. They would be free to leave. He lied.”

This film was used for diversity training and understanding of Muslim culture for many years.


In Black Sunday an Arab terrorist plots to bomb a stadium during the Super Bowl.

Executive Decision, True Lies and Rules of Engagement: Muslims as antagonists out to destroy Western (American) society and it’s OK to stop them even if it involves collateral damage.


Back to the Future where Libyan terrorists show up out of nowhere.

Father of the Bride II, a rich Arab and his Harem show up to buy the prized home of Steve Martin, only to tear it up.

All these examples built of stereotypes that have been usedto project Muslims and the danger to the world.

Reel Bad Arabs

Positive portrayal Two epic films by the director Moustapha Akkad:

The Message about the life of the Prophet Muhammad.Lion of the Desert about a Libyan tribal leader Omar Mukhtar who fought the Italian army around World War II.

Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Azeem played by Morgan Freeman is a Muslim who helps Robin Hood fight the evil doers, eventually saving his life.

In The 13th Warrior, Antonio Banderas plays a courageous Arab traveler, who helps a group of Scandinavian adventurers in a battle with a tribe of cannibalistic raiders.

In Kingdom of Heaven, Saladin (and the Muslims) is shown as a thoughtful, compassionate, respectful, brave and human leader.

In the French film Days of Glory Arab-Muslim soldiers fight for France and the Allies during World War II.

Bollywood and its representation of Muslims

There have been many Muslim Bollywood heroines from Madhubala to Nargis, Waheeda Rahman, and Zeenat Aman.

Dilip Kumar (Yusuf Khan), Salman Khan, Aamir Khan and Shah-Rukh Khan.

Although the presence of Muslims in Bollywood sounds positive, it is not all good news.


There is a strong theme of Indian and Hindu nationalism in films.

The role of Muslims has largely been stereotyped.

Muslim character portrayal of men has been either timid or violent.

In the case of women, the typical portrayal is that of someone who is promiscuous.


Indian cinema’s coverage of Muslims can be broken down by a timeline.

The 50’s and 60’s where Muslims are portrayed from the Moghul period as Kings and nobility.

70s and 80s where the Muslim role is marginalized into supporting roles of the protagonist Hindus. (Stereotypical: Tailor, preacher, Qawali singer and in the case of women the promiscuous courtesan).

90s to the present, the majority of roles and depictions of Muslims was that of the demonized other.


Gadar showed romance between a Sikh man and a Muslim woman and Rambo like rage as he goes to rescue her from her evil Pakistani parents.

A significant number of other films show Muslims as criminals, crooks, and every day people who cannot be trusted.

Positive Portrayal Although typically films do not

have the protagonist as a Muslim, sometimes the anti-hero reflects a Muslim point of view in films like Dil Se and Kurbaan.

My Name is Khan

New York

Some Muslim Films Persepolis

Rana's Wedding

Babel

Malcolm X

A French animated film about a girl who comes of age in Iran during the Islamic revolution and how she sees it once she moves to Europe.

A Palestinian girl of 17 wants to get married to the man of her own choosing.

Tragedy strikes a married couple on vacation in the Moroccan desert, touching off an interlocking story involving four different families.

The life and times of controversial African-American civil rights leader who joined the Nation of Islam and then finally converted to Islam.

globalization in cinema

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