globalization comes to the desert – dubai, islam, and oil
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GLOBALIZATION COMES TO THE DESERT – DUBAI, ISLAM, AND OIL. David J. Keeling Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky The American Geographical Society. KEY ISSUE – HOW WILL A POST-OIL DUBAI AND THE ARAB WORLD ENGAGE WITH GLOBALIZATION?. (2007). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION COMES TO THE COMES TO THE
DESERT – DESERT – DUBAI, ISLAM, DUBAI, ISLAM,
AND OILAND OIL
David J. KeelingDavid J. Keeling Western Kentucky University Western Kentucky University
Bowling Green, KentuckyBowling Green, KentuckyThe American Geographical SocietyThe American Geographical Society
KEY ISSUE – HOW WILL A POST-OIL DUBAI KEY ISSUE – HOW WILL A POST-OIL DUBAI AND THE ARAB WORLD ENGAGE WITH AND THE ARAB WORLD ENGAGE WITH
GLOBALIZATION?GLOBALIZATION?
(2007)(2007)
Dubai - Non-oil foreign tradeDubai - Non-oil foreign trade
ARABIC CULTURAL REALMARABIC CULTURAL REALM
THE MAGHREB AND MOROCCO
AN ISLAMIC REALMAN ISLAMIC REALMMuhammad (c. 570- 632 CE)Five Pillars of FaithSunnis versus Shi’itesPresence of other world religions_______________First Muslim raid into North Africa – 642
CE North Africa and Arabian Gulf as the
conduit for Islam’s expansion into Iberia (711 CE), the Saharan region, and the East (India/Indonesia)
DIFFUSION OF RELIGION
North America
Middle America
South America
CHRISTIANITY ISLAM HINDUISM BUDDHISM
POLITICAL EMPIRE OF ISLAM
ISLAM, CULTURE, ECONOMICS Five Pillars of Faith
Repeated Expressions Of The Creed Daily Prayer (5 Times) Month Of Daytime Fasting (Ramadan) Giving Of Alms Pilgrimage To Mecca During One’s Life
Jihad (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle)
jihad al-akbar, the greater jihad, is said to be the struggle against one’s soul jihad al-asgar, the lesser jihad, is external and is in reference
to physical effort, i.e. fighting.
VIBRANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM
8TH – 15TH CENTURIES PRO BUSINESS
ISLAM BECAME CONSERVATIVEECONOMICALLY AND POLITICALLY1480s TO 1520s - WHY?WHY?
TRADE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLDTRADE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Venetian and Genoan Trade NetworksVenetian and Genoan Trade Networks
PILGRIMAGE ECONOMIESPILGRIMAGE ECONOMIES
Ibn Battuta - Hajj 1325
THE SILK ROAD AND THE ARAB SEA ROUTES
Guangzhou
Xi’an
Lanzhou
Dunhuang
Turpan
Hotan
KashgarSamarkand
Merv Bactra
Bukhara
ReyHamadan
Baghdad
Berenike
Alexandria
Tyre
Antioch
ConstantinopleAthens
Rome
Muza
Aden
Kané
Muscat
Sur
Mogadishu
Mombasa
Barbaricon
Barygaza
Muziris
Calcutta
CHINA
INDIA
PERSIA
ARABIA
EUROPE
EGYPT
JAVA
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
Sout
h C
hina
Sea
Mediterranean Ocean
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Gobi Desert
Taklimakan Desert
Atlantic O
cean
Pac
ific
Oce
anRed Sea
SOMALIA
500 Miles
Malacca
Bay of Bengal
ISOLATED ISLAMISOLATED ISLAM
GEOGRAPHICAL IMPACT OF THE SUEZ CANAL, 1869
16,000 KM
10,000 KM
PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD ECONOMYECONOMY
1500-1780 1780-1880 1880-1970 1970- 2009…..
Mode of Accumulation
Economic system
MercantilismIndustrial
capitalismMonopoly
capitalismCorporate
capitalismSource of
growthTrade in commodities Manufacturing Manufacturing
Manufacturing and services
Production unit
Workshop FactoryMultinational
corporationCorporate
system
World-System Characteristics
Space relations
Trade routes Atlantic basin International Global
Supply system
ColonialismColonialism /
ImperialismState
imperialismCorporate
imperialism
Hegemonic powers
United Provinces, Mediterranean city states
Britain Britain, USA USA
2020thth Century Oil Boom Century Oil Boom
ISLAM’S MODERN CHALLENGES?ISLAM’S MODERN CHALLENGES?
RESISTANCE TO MODERNITY ?RESISTANCE TO MODERNITY ?
POLITICAL RIGIDITY (NO DEMOCRACIES)POLITICAL RIGIDITY (NO DEMOCRACIES)
INABILITY TO SEPARATE ISLAM FROMINABILITY TO SEPARATE ISLAM FROM
INDIVIDUALISTIC IDEOLOGIES ?INDIVIDUALISTIC IDEOLOGIES ?
(SELF AND SOCIETY)(SELF AND SOCIETY)
HOW IS DUBAI ADDRESSING HOW IS DUBAI ADDRESSING THESE ISSUES?THESE ISSUES?
DUBAI – TRANSFORMED DUBAI – TRANSFORMED LANDSCAPESLANDSCAPES
GLOBAL CAPITAL AND ARTIFICIAL GLOBAL CAPITAL AND ARTIFICIAL WORLDSWORLDS
TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE
GROWING GROWING URBANIZATION URBANIZATION IN THE ARABIC IN THE ARABIC WORLD AS OIL WORLD AS OIL AND TOURISM AND TOURISM SHAPE THE SHAPE THE MODERN MODERN ECONOMYECONOMY
Human Human movement movement across borders across borders is one of the is one of the major elements major elements of 21of 21stst C. C. globalizationglobalization
Modern Modern
CaravansCaravans
LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE ARABIC WORLD -THE ARABIC WORLD -
FAILURE TO DEVELOP SOCIALFAILURE TO DEVELOP SOCIALOVERHEAD CAPITALOVERHEAD CAPITAL
OIL AND WATER – HOW DO THEY MIX OIL AND WATER – HOW DO THEY MIX IN THE ECONOMY? IN THE ECONOMY?
THE IMPACT OF OILTHE IMPACT OF OIL HIGH INCOMES MODERNIZATION INDUSTRIALIZATION INTRA-REGIONAL
MIGRATION INTER-REGIONAL
MIGRATION REGIONAL
DISPARITIES FOREIGN INVESTMENT
WATER - A RENEWABLE OR FINITE RESOURCE?
Water is critical for life, food production, and industrial processes.
Most of the Arabic states face water-shortage conditions (coupled with Southwest Asia generally, it’s the most concentrated region of scarcity in the world).
The North African states all have rates of natural population increase above 2.0%, increasing the stress on water sources.
WATER STRESS (SUPPLY-DEMAND)
High None
Stress
SouthAmerica
NorthAmerica
Europe
Asia
Africa
Australia
2121STST CENTURY CHALLENGES? CENTURY CHALLENGES?
1. GLOBALIZATION
2. POST-OIL ECONOMIES (DIVERSITY)
3. INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS (ROLE OF WOMEN, PRESS)
4. SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES
5. NO COMMON BONDS FOR REGIONAL UNITY (BEYOND ISLAM)
● 6. FUNDAMENTALISM - REJECTION OF MODERNITY
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!